Joaquín Torres García

Torres García resulted in this article. For other people, see García Torres .

Joaquín Torres García (born July 28, 1874 in Montevideo , Uruguay ; † August 8, 1949 there ; also Joaquín Torres-García ) was a Uruguayan-Spanish painter .

Life

Joaquín Torres García spent a good half of his life outside of his native Uruguay. In 1891 the 17-year-old emigrated with the family to his father's Catalan homeland. He received his artistic training at the Escuela Oficial de Bellas Artes de Barcelona (Llotja) . In this city he also lived from 1892 to 1914. From 1897 onwards he worked as an illustrator for religious magazines such as the Revista Popular and various books. The drawings of the next few years show a style influenced by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec . He received orders for murals and window paintings in churches, other public buildings and the Uruguayan pavilion at the World Exhibition in Brussels in 1910. In 1909 he married Manolita Piña de Rubíes, with whom he had four children.

In New York , where he moved in 1920. After two years he left New York and returned to Europe, where he initially lived in Italy. From there he went to France in 1924. Torres García lived in Villefranche-sur-Mer near Nice until 1926 , then in Paris. In the French capital, he shared a studio with Jean Hélion and founded the group Cercle et Carré in 1930 with Michel Seuphor , Piet Mondrian , Hans Arp and Le Corbusier, among others . During this time he began to be interested in prehistoric, primitive and pre-Columbian art and developed his Universalismo Constructivo . An example from this period is his painting Estructure avec forme T from 1930. Having come under increasing financial pressure, he left Paris in 1932 and went to Madrid .

From there he returned to his South American homeland in 1934, after 43 years of absence. In Montevideo, Torres García founded the Asociacíon de Arte Constructivo (AAC), gave drawing lessons and devoted himself to spreading his artistic-aesthetic theory of a specifically Latin American art. His painted wooden Objecto construido (1938) with dimensions of 87 × 11 cm dates from this period .

plant

Garcías frescoes in Barcelona

In Barcelona, ​​Joaquín Torres García created the frescoes in the Salón Sant Jordi (Hall of Saint George) in the Palace of the Generalitat (local government) of Catalonia. He was commissioned to do this in 1908 by the then President of the Diputación de Barcelona and Spiritus rector of the Catalan autonomy efforts Enric Prat de la Riba .

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Poemes en ondes hertzianes 1919

Illustrations by Joaquin Torres-Garcia.

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Exhibitions

• 1921 Withney Studio Club, New York
• 1933 Museo de Arte Moderno, Madrid
• Posthumous exhibitions take place in Argentina, France, the Netherlands, Uruguay, Canada, the USA, England, Spain and other countries

literature

• Joaquín Torres-García . Exhibition catalog. State Art Gallery, Baden-Baden 1962.
• Emmanuel Guigon: Joaquín Torres-García. Un mondo contruit . Catalog of the same name Exhibition. Edition Hazan, Strasbourg 2002, ISBN 2-901833-53-5 .
• Mark Scheps et al: Latin American art in the 20th century . Catalog of the same name Exhibition. Prestel, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-7913-1241-3 .
• Dörte Zbikowski: Mysterious characters. Foreign Scripts in 20th Century Painting; Paul Gauguin , Wassily Kandinsky , Paul Klee , Willi Baumeister , Julius Bissier , Joaquín Torres-García, Adolph Gottlieb , Mark Tobey . Cuivillier Verlag, Göttingen 1996, ISBN 3-89588-637-8 . (also dissertation, University of Marburg 1995)
• Nicolas Arocena Armas, Eric Corne, Marina Bairrao Guigon, Domitille D'Orgeval: La intuicion y la Estructura. Museo Coleccao Berardo, Lisbon 2008, ISBN 978-84-482-5105-5 .

Web links

Commons : Joaquín Torres García  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Joaquín Torres García in the catalog of the German National Library
• Torres García Museum in Montevideo (Spanish)
• Short biography and works on the website of the Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales (Spanish)
• Archive Joaquin Torres-Garcia (English)
• Works in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Helmuth Bischoff: Barcelona. DuMont-Reise-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-7701-5976-4 , p. 39.