Johan Brouwer
Johan Brouwer (born May 31, 1898 in Delfshaven , † July 1, 1943 in Haarlem ) was a Dutch author, Romanist , Hispanicist , translator and resistance fighter .
life and work
Brouwer, whose father was a shipyard worker, went to grammar school in Rotterdam , then to the mission school in Oegstgeest , and studied Asian languages from 1920 (in preparation for missionary work).
He spent the years 1922 to 1928 in prison for bank robberies (together with his brother for lack of money) and for the murder of an acquaintance who had blackmailed them.
He then studied Hispanic Studies in Groningen with Kornelis Sneyders de Vogel and quickly achieved his doctorate in 1931 with the work De psychologie der Spaansche mystiek (Amsterdam 1931).
He converted to Catholicism, traveled through Spain and Italy and in 1932 became a lecturer in Spanish and Italian at the School of Language and Literature in The Hague (with Etsko Kruisinga 1875–1944). A position as a temporary lecturer at the University of Amsterdam (on behalf of Jonas Andries van Praag, who had been dismissed as a Jew ) failed in 1941 when his delinquency became public in the 1920s.
Brouwer went into resistance against the National Socialist occupation of the Netherlands and was involved in the attack on the Amsterdam residents' registration office on March 27, 1943 to destroy documents that prevented the creation of false passports. Together with Willem Arondeus , Karl Gröger and others, he was caught on April 2nd and shot by a German firing squad on July 1st . After the war he was reburied in the Bloemendaal Cemetery of Honor .
To commemorate the execution, a plaque is attached to the building of the former Amsterdam residents' registration office in Plantage Kerklaan 36, on which the perpetrators are named. The inscription reads: “Zij streden en viel voor de vrijheid” (They fought and fell for freedom).
In the ten years of his publishing activity between 1932 and 1942, Brouwer combined specialist science with contemporary history and contemporary criticism (especially on the Spanish Civil War ), with novel writing and with prose translation (Eduardo Zamacois, José Ortega y Gasset , Aquilino Ribeiro , Antonio Ruiz Vilaplana, Gregorio López y Fuentes , Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and Ferdinand Lot ).
Other works
- (with Gerardus Johannes Geers ) De Renaissance in Spanje , Zutphen 1932
- Hernán Cortés en Monteczuma , Zutphen 1933
- (Ed.) Kronieken van Spaansche soldiers uit het begin van den tachtigjarigen oorlog , Zutphen 1933, 1980
- Een Spaansch schetsboek , Zutphen 1933
- De achtergrond der Spaansche mystiek , Zutphen 1935
- De Spaansche burgeroorlog , Hilversum 1936
- Spraakkunst van het hedendaagse Spaans , Zutphen 1937, 1959
- De Onoverwinnelijke Vloot , Amsterdam 1938
- Spaansche aspecten en perspectieven , Rotterdam 1939, 1946
- (and pseudonym Maarten van de Moer) De schatten van Medina-Sidonia , Zutphen 1939; ud T. In de schaduw van de dood , 1946, Utrecht 1986
- Hedendaags Spaans. Leesboek , Zutphen 1940
- De verzonken zilvervloot van Vigo , Zutphen 1940
- Johanna de Waanzinnige , Amsterdam 1940, 1989 (German: Johanna die Wahnsinnige , Munich 1978, most recently 2004; Polish 1991)
- Geestelijke Verwarring , The Hague 1940 (Bibliotheek voor weten en Think 1)
- Philips Willem , Zutphen 1940 (Danish: Copenhagen 1942)
- Montigny , Amsterdam 1941
- (and pseudonym Johannes Geerlinck) Vandaag geen spreekuur , Amsterdam 1942
- Het mysterie van Spanje. Beschouwend realistic divorced , Amsterdam 1946
- Verzameld Werk , Amsterdam 1956–1957
literature
- Gerardus Johannes Geers, [Obituary with list of writings], in: Jaarboek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde te Leiden 1945–1946, pp. 57–62
- EG Groeneveld, 'Brouwer, Johannes (1898–1943)', in: Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland 2, 1985. URL: http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn2/brouwerj (with picture )
- Hendrik Henrichs, Johan Brouwer. Zoeker. Ziener. En target. A biography , Amsterdam 1989
Web links
- Literature by and about Johan Brouwer in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Brouwer, Johan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Brouwer, Johannes |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch author, Romanist, Hispanicist, translator and resistance fighter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 31, 1898 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Delfshaven |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 1, 1943 |
| Place of death | Haarlem |