Johann Christian Reinhart

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JC Reinhart, portrayed by José de Madrazo y Agudo ( oil on wood, 1812)
Artist's signature Johann Christian Reinhart

Johann Christian Reinhart (born January 24, 1761 in Hof , † June 9, 1847 in Rome , ± Cimitero acattolico ) was a German painter , draftsman and etcher . He was considered the center of the German artists' colony in his adopted home Rome and was best known for his heroic ideal landscapes . With his work he is on the threshold between classicism and romanticism and is counted among the most highly valued artists of his kind for the period around 1800.

Life

Germany

Childhood and youth

Birth entry for Johann Christian Reinhart in the church book of St. Michaelis in Hof

Johann Christian Reinhart was born in Hof in 1761 as the second of three sons of the married couple Peter Johann and Magdalena Wilhelmine Friederike Reinhart. His older brother of the same name died as a toddler before Reinhart was born, while his younger brother Amandus (* 1762) died in 1834.

Reinhart's father (* 1717), an evangelical archdeacon and vespers preacher who came from a family of roofers, died in 1764 when Johann Christian was three years old. The mother (* 1730), daughter of the judiciary Johann Karl Sigmund Müllner, remarried in 1780 and lived until 1784.

From 1768 Reinhart attended the Hofer Gymnasium, today Jean-Paul-Gymnasium , at which his father had been vice-principal since 1748. At the school graduation ceremony there, in 1778, he gave the farewell speech under the title “ De utilitate artis pendingi in rebus sacris rite institutae - About the benefits of painting well established in spiritual matters”, a first indication of his interest in the visual arts.

Academic years

From 1778 Reinhart began to study theology in Leipzig , following the example of his father and the wishes of his mother , but soon devoted himself exclusively to the study of the art of drawing at the drawing, Mahlerey and architecture academy there . Its first director, Adam Friedrich Oeser , had already taught Goethe . In a recommendation letter from 1779, presumably addressed to Oeser, Reinhart's widowed mother asked for support - including material support - for the new interests of her son. Reinhart himself gave drawing and painting lessons and created the first illustrations for poems and novels.

In the spring of 1782 Reinhart became engaged to Thekla Podleska, who was then 18 years old . She was trained as a singer in the house of Johann Adam Hiller and later went to the court of Dorothea von Kurland in Mitau, southwest of Riga . The romance is described as intense, but there was no marriage because Reinhart increasingly oriented himself towards Italy as the land of longing for German artists. The couple met for the last time in 1786, and letters were exchanged until 1788.

Schiller, riding a donkey (1785/87)

In 1783 Reinhart moved to Dresden because of the Old Masters Gallery there , where he took private lessons more closely related to landscape art from Johann Christian Klengel and met the Swiss painter Konrad Gessner . The first etchings were made and Reinhart took part in the Dresden academy exhibition. On the occasion of the death of his mother in 1784, he met his brother Amandus in Hof, who in turn had been studying theology for three years. Johann Christian Reinhart went hiking through Saxony, Thuringia, Vogtland and Bohemia; with the poet Elisa von der Recke he traveled from Karlsbad to Gotha and on through Saxony.

In 1785, back in Leipzig, he met Friedrich Schiller , who advised him to study in Italy. A friendship developed between them. When Reinhart moved to Rome, however, it was not until after twelve years, in 1801, that contact was resumed in the form of an exchange of letters, which continued until Schiller's death. Reinhart created some works that reproduce Schiller; around 1800 he dedicated an etching to him. The poet's memorial erected by Bertel Thorvaldsen on Schillerplatz in Stuttgart in 1839 was based on a drawing by Reinhart.

Also in 1785 Reinhart was accepted into the Freemason Lodge Minerva to the three palms . From 1786 to 1789 he stayed at the court of Duke Georg I of Saxony-Meiningen , who had previously offered him to take him into his service. Reinhart accompanied the duke on a trip to Bad Ems and the Rhine in 1787 , which both of them also used to draw in nature. During this time, from 1788, the Thuringian sketchbook was created .

Rome

Italian Landscape with a Castle on a Ridge (oil on panel, 1804)

In October 1789 Reinhart traveled via Hof, Erlangen, Augsburg, Innsbruck and Bozen to Rome, where he arrived at Christmas and spent the rest of his life. He owed Margrave Alexander von Brandenburg-Ansbach to take over travel expenses and a pension that was paid out until 1791 .

In 1798 Reinhart survived an illness from malaria . In 1801 or 1802 he married the Italian Anna Caffò (1775-1851). The civil marriage institution that existed in Rome at the time enabled him to get married without converting to Catholicism . Anna, daughter of a box painter, had taken care of his household and stood by him during another serious illness. The couple had three children: Elisa (1806–1810), Erminio (1811–1853) and Teresa (1804–1875).

Ernst Stückelberg lived with Teresa Reinhart from 1857 to 1859 at Via bella Quattro Fontane No. 53.

Reinhart's personality was described by contemporaries as "highly profiled", "self-confident", but also as "relentless and unforgiving". Even as a student in Leipzig, he is said to have been noticed as "unconventional" and "impartial". Ludwig Richter experienced him as a "tall, somewhat lean, but strong figure". An acquaintance with Lord Bristol , known for his part as headstrong and eccentric, ended in a dispute and in 1802 led to the creation of the caricature of Lord Bristol, Bishop of Derry .

Together with Friedrich Sickler , Reinhart published the Rome Almanac for artists and friends of the visual arts in 1810 and 1811 . In 1810 he was appointed a member of the Prussian Academy of the Arts and in 1813 admitted to the Accademia di San Luca . In 1830 he was appointed member of the Royal Academy of Arts in Munich and in 1839 as royal Bavarian court painter . As early as 1825, after the death of the court painter Friedrich Müller, known as Maler Müller , his pension was transferred. In the years 1830/31 Reinhart was prevented from working for almost a year due to an inflammation of the eye that left him with unilateral visual impairment. In 1837 he fell ill with cholera .

Like others, Reinhart couldn't come to terms with the newly emerging public art criticism ; Only the artist himself can judge art. In 1833 he therefore participated with Franz Ludwig Catel , Joseph Anton Koch and others in the pamphlet Three Letters from Rome against art writing in Germany . Reinhart is now regarded as one, if not the central figure in the former German artists' colony in Rome. The German-born artists of Rome met in the Caffè Greco and at the Hanoverian embassy in the Villa Malta on the Pincio . From 1829 to 1835 Reinhart painted the tempera pictures Four Views of the Villa Malta on Rome on behalf of King Ludwig I from their tower room .

The invention of the Corinthian capital by Callimachus (oil on canvas , 1846)

Johann Christian Reinhart's last painting, The Invention of the Corinthian Capital by Callimachus , was created in 1846 . He died the following year at the age of 86 in Rome. His wife survived him by four years. Reinhart is buried on the Cimitero acattolico . This Roman cemetery was intended for non-Catholic foreigners. The Leipzig theologian Ludwig Theodor Elze , at that time still a candidate for preacher, represented the Protestant preacher employed for Rome at the funeral. The tomb was made in 1852 by the sculptor Heinrich Mathia on behalf of the Association of German Artists in Rome . The classicist stele bears a plaque in relief with the image of the artist, the inscription KOENIGL. BAIERISCHER HOFMALER and his life dates.

Most of Johann Christian Reinhart's estate in the form of letters and diaries was taken over by the poet Heinrich Wilhelm Stieglitz , with the intention of writing a biography. However, he died in 1849 and the material came to Reinhart's biographers Andreas Andresen and Otto Baisch . Today it is essentially lost, remains are in the Bavarian State Library , the central archive of the State Museums in Berlin , in the Hof City Archive and at other locations.

Work and reception

The importance of Johann Christian Reinhart lies primarily in landscape painting . Reinhart gave up the realistic representation of vedute painting and can be assigned to classicism in the transition to romanticism . In this regard, Hubertus Gaßner describes him as the “artist of the threshold”. In contrast, the sculptor and Reinhart collector Richard Tuttle sees the artist's position less between the “light of the Enlightenment ” and the “darkness of romanticism”, but rather places him among the early romantics .

Reinhart rarely presented Christian or Biblical themes. He was opposed to the painting of the Nazarenes , which appeared in Rome from around 1810 (a designation that possibly goes back to him): these were primarily imitators of old masters , took over their shortcomings and lacked them of independence. Animal studies and hunting motifs are more common in Reinhart's work due to his own passion for hunting. Contemporary reports about his “hearty, sometimes coarse humor” find their counterpart in the caricatures he has received , in which he portrayed, for example, the art critic Ludwig von Schorn or, in a less aggressive manner, his teacher Adam Friedrich Oeser.

“Initially shaped by the sensitive tendencies of his Leipzig teacher Adam Friedrich Oeser, then partially committed to the movement of Sturm und Drang , Reinhart advanced to become one of the main representatives of classicist landscape art on Roman soil. Together with Joseph Anton Koch, he set himself the goal of renewing the type of heroic ideal landscape, which had fallen behind somewhat in the course of the 18th century, [...] and establishing it for the art of the 19th century. "

- Markus Bertsch

painting

The art historian Inge Feuchtmayr published a catalog raisonné by Johann Christian Reinhart in 1975 . She divided his paintings into three groups: 39 are still traceable today, a further 140 must be regarded as not found. Their existence can no longer be proven or they are lost. Seven paintings were wrongly attributed to him. Herbert W. Rott specifies this in the catalog published in 2012 for the exhibition in the Hamburger Kunsthalle to the effect that around 40 paintings are verifiable and secure for Reinhart, and 80 are documented by sources or photographs, but are now lost. With a further 60 works it must be doubted that they ever existed. In summary, he assumes that Reinhart, if one excludes the smaller works and studies, created around 100 to 120 paintings in fifty years. His oeuvre is therefore comparable in scope to that of other contemporary landscape painters in Rome. Joseph Anton Koch, Johann Martin von Rohden and Reinhart's friend, the Dutch painter Hendrik Voogd, are named . Reinhart mainly created commissioned works , for example for Ludwig I of Bavaria, Charles IV of Spain or art patrons and collectors such as Johann Gottlob von Quandt . Other artists, such as the sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen and the Bavarian court architect Leo von Klenze , also bought Reinhart's paintings.

Ideal landscape with two shepherds at a spring (oil on canvas, 1811)

In Reinhart's first half of life only a few paintings were made, the first in 1784 and 1785. Together with Konrad Gessner, he devoted himself to the study of nature and in Dresden to that of the Dutch landscape painters ( Jacob van Ruysdael , Meindest Hobbema and others). In Rome, Reinhart first asserted himself, also from an economic point of view, more as an etcher than a painter. With increasing popularity of his ideal and storm landscapes, he was regarded as the leading landscape painter in Italy at the beginning of the new century; a rank in which he replaced Jakob Philipp Hackert , who had become successful and wealthy through his painting . According to Feuchtmayr, Reinhart has worked his way deeper into nature with “the means of scientific and intuitive thinking” and with his naturalness and idealization of the landscape he exerted a decisive influence on German landscape painting. At the same time, the insistence on the cultural heritage of the classics stood in the way of a further development of this style of painting: Reinhart left no “ school ” of painters and purely classical landscape art came to an end with him.

In his painting he remained true to the concepts found around 1800 throughout his life, which is why one can also speak of a “certain paralysis”. Reinhart's paintings move between the poles of realistic vedute painting such as the reluctantly accepted commissioned work of the four views of the Villa Malta on the one hand and heroically ideal landscapes on the other. With the latter he developed his own new type of image. Reinhart was influenced by the works of the painters Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin , which he could find in Roman collections or, as with Gaspard Dughet , owned. His friends Nicolas-Didier Boguet and François-Marius Granet , who lived in Reinhart's immediate neighborhood, also exerted influence on him. In his pictures, Reinhart followed the ideas of the art theorist Carl Ludwig Fernow , who dedicated an essay on landscape painting to him in the New German Mercury in 1803 : idealized southern landscapes with staffages from antiquity.

Reinhart painted in both oil and tempera ; a technique that he acquired from 1825. He used the tempera colors, similar in their effect to frescoes, among other things in eight large-format landscape paintings that were to be embedded in the walls of a palazzo. This cycle, commissioned by Francesco Saverio Massimo , has been lost since it was moved from the Alte Nationalgalerie to the Flakturm Zoo in Berlin during the Second World War. The views of the Villa Malta , Reinhart's second major tempera cycle in the form of a city panorama, have been preserved and are now in the possession of the Neue Pinakothek :

"Reinhart's large-format views are a monumental testimony to this bygone era of romantic enthusiasm for Rome."

- Herbert W. Rott

graphic

View of Bingen with the Drusus Bridge (watercolor, pen, 1787)

Until 2012, Reinhart's work was not widely published in color, which might explain why he was known less as a painter and more as a graphic artist. Feuchtmayr cataloged 426 drawings in public and private collections; According to her, those whose existence is only documented in the art trade or on the basis of sources are more difficult to identify. With regard to the printmaking, she resorted to Andreas Andresen, who listed 170 etchings and five lithographs made from 1818 onwards . If one adds the sheets contained in sketch and adhesive tapes with only one catalog number, as well as the sheets newly assigned to Reinhart, then at least 600 drawings have been preserved; he should have made significantly more. Nine watercolor sketches, for example, showing views of the Middle Rhine Valley , could only be identified as Reinhart's works in 2002. They were created in 1787 on his trip with Duke Georg I of Saxony-Meiningen. The watercolored graphite and pen drawings are now referred to as a high point of Reinhart's work. Scenes from history, such as Bingen , which was already settled in Roman times, or Ehrenfels Castle , built around 1210 , give the real landscape the "ideal" claim. The assessment that Reinhart first made his most important works in Rome had to be withdrawn.

The sale of his drawings and etchings was an essential part of Reinhart's livelihood at least until he received a pension in 1825. The artist, who had financial problems all his life, sold to Italy travelers, to collectors and art dealers such as Johann Friedrich Frauenholz or Carl Gustav Boerner and produced his drawings specifically for the art market of that time. He drew with pen, graphite pencil , brush and chalk and liked to combine the techniques. Charcoal, red chalk and silver pencil, on the other hand, were techniques that he rarely used.

Poetry

Poem for Friedrich Thöming (1846) The text reads:
Thanks to you, o religion, you once made Christians out of savages,
you, o philosophy, finally make people out of it too:
For who in holy fury
persecutes the differently thinking brother Hasset, burns, this belongs to the cattle.

Less noticed and without resonance in the history of literature, Reinhart left behind a series of poems and epigrams that allow an insight into his world of thought, in addition to his drawings and paintings . The landscape was also the subject of his poems; Above all, however, one can see the painter's sympathy for the ideas of Freemasonry and the associated criticism of the Roman Catholic Church:

The pillar of the road
I stand still, O wanderer, but I will show you the way, I am like
your priest, he too does not go the way he shows

God's image (1846)
Your pride, O man, dared to say:
God created me in his own image.
Be honest, human, answer my questions:
Didn't you create your God in your image?

Aftermath

Rome and hometown

Reinhart's last house in Rome, now number 29 in Via Quattro Fontane , has been commemorated by a plaque since 1963. The Johann-Christian-Reinhart-Gymnasium and Reinhartstrasse are named after him in his hometown Hof . The city of Hof awards the Johann Christian Reinhart plaque every year as an award for cultural merits .

Museum holdings

As early as 1869, three etchings and a drawing by Reinhart were donated by Ditlev Gothard Monrad to the Colonial Museum in Wellington and what is now the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa . After an initially hesitant purchasing policy, museums in Berlin, Dresden, Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg acquired works by Reinhart in the course of the 20th century; since 1990 also the British Museum in London with a landscape study from 1785 and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York with five drawings as well as the Washington National Gallery of Art , which at the end of 2013 stated that it owned 29 works.

Exhibitions

Works by Johann Christian Reinhart have been shown in Germany, Austria and Rome since 1858 at numerous collective exhibitions on overarching themes of classicist and romantic painting, landscape representation and the art of drawing. Solo exhibitions took place in 1927 in the Hamburger Kunsthalle , in 1930 and 1961 on his 200th birthday in Hof and in 1963 in the Roman Palazzo Braschi . Since 2011 there have been two exhibitions on the occasion of his 250th birthday and a joint retrospective by the Hamburger Kunsthalle and the Münchner Neue Pinakothek , which was accompanied by an extensive exhibition catalog:

  • Johann Christian Reinhart from Hof. Exhibition on the occasion of Reinhart's 250th birthday, organized by the Hof Kulturkreis. Museum Bayerisches Vogtland , January 24, 2011 to March 20, 2011.
  • Views of Rome. To the German-Roman Johann Christian Reinhart on his 250th birthday. Curator Dieter Richter . Rome, Casa di Goethe , February 2, 2011 to May 15, 2011.
  • Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Hamburger Kunsthalle, October 26, 2012 to January 27, 2013; Neue Pinakothek, February 21, 2013 to May 26, 2013.

Works (selection)

image title year Size / technology Collection / owner
JC Reinhart Saxon Prince Robbery.jpg The Saxon prince robbery (also: Altenburger prince robbery ) 1785 36.5 × 46.5 cm,
oil on laid paper 		Lost until 2014, sold for € 37,500 at
Villa Grisebach auctions
JC Reinhart Arcadia 1785.jpg I too in Arcadia ( Et in Arcadia ego ) 1785 28.6 × 40 cm,
pen in brown, brush in gray, black and ocher 		Munich,
private property
JC Reinhart Mäuseturm Ehrenfels 1787.jpg The mouse tower and the Ehrenfels ruins 1787 31.2 × 40.8 cm,
watercolor, pen and brown ink over graphite, opaque white 		Hof,
Bavarian Vogtland Museum
JC Reinhart tomb Falerium 1796.jpg Tomb in the ruined Etruscan city of Falerium 1796 37.6 × 28.3 cm,
etching 		Collection of the city of Hof,
Reinhart-Cabinett
Landscape dedicated to JC Reinhart Schiller 1800.jpg The great heroic landscape dedicated to Schiller around 1800 41 × 51.4 cm,
etching 		State Graphic Collection Munich
JC Reinhart Tree Study Ariccia 1801.jpg Tree study " Ariccia " 1801 43.2 × 55 cm,
chalk on laid paper 		Unknown until 2013, offered for auction at
Villa Grisebach Auctions, sold for € 21,250
Johann Christian Reinhart 001.jpg View of Tivoli 1813 76 × 57.5 cm,
oil on canvas 		Schweinfurt,
Georg Schäfer Museum
JC Reinhart Sturmlandschaft 1824.jpg Storm landscape with rider 1824 73 × 62 cm,
oil on canvas 		Leipzig,
Museum of Fine Arts
JC Reinhart Two greyhounds with a dead hare 1828.jpg Two greyhounds with a dead hare 1828 20.2 × 27 cm,
pen in gray, brown wash, over graphite 		Hof,
Bavarian Vogtland Museum, Viessmann Collection
JC Reinhart Storm Landscape 1831.jpg Thunderstorm landscape with a mountain lake and waterfall 1831 49 × 66.5 cm,
oil on canvas 		Munich,
Neue Pinakothek
JC Reinhart Villa Doria 1832.jpg In the park of Villa Doria Pamphilj 1832 71 × 101 cm,
oil on canvas 		Essen,
Folkwang Museum
JC Reinhart Sturmlandschaft 1832.jpg Storm landscape (Wanderer's storm song) 1832 70.4 × 92.2 cm,
oil on canvas 		Stuttgart, State Gallery
JC Reinhart caricature Ludwig Schorn 1833.jpg Caricature of Dr. Ludwig Schorn in Munich 1833 28.8 × 20.4 cm,
pen in brown, gray and gray-blue wash 		State Museums Berlin,
Kupferstichkabinett
JC Reinhart Villa MaltaWest 1835.jpg View from the Villa Malta in Rome to the west 1835 167 × 266.5 cm,
tempera on canvas 		Munich,
Neue Pinakothek

Family tree of the Reinhart family

 
 
 
 Peter Johann Reinhart (1717–1764)
 
 
 
 Magdalena Wilhelmine Friederike Müllner (1730–1784)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anna Caffò (1775-1851)
 
 Johann Christian Reinhart (1761–1847)
 
 Johann Amandus Friedrich Reinhart (1762–1834)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Elisa Reinhart (1806-1810)
 
 Erminio Giovanni Reinhart (1811-1853)
 
 Maria Teresa Reinhart (1804–1875)
 
 

literature

  • Andreas Andresen : Johann Christian Reinhart . In: The German painter-Radirer [painter-etcher] (Peintres-Graveurs) . of the nineteenth century according to their lives and works. tape 1 . Alexander Danz, Leipzig 1872, p. 177 ff . ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D7axAAAAAYAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPA177~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  • Otto Baisch : Johann Christian Reinhart and his circles. A picture of life and culture based on original sources . Seemann, Leipzig 1882. Digitized .
  • Richard Muther :  Reinhart, Johann Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 28, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 72-76.
  • Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 .
  • F. Carlo Schmid: Views of nature and ideal landscapes. The landscape graphics by Johann Christian Reinhart and his circle . Diss. 1995. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-7861-1982-1 .
  • Ina Weinrautner:  Reinhart, Johann Christian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 366 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 .
  • Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 .
  • Manfred Pix: Johann Christian Reinhart (1761-1847). Documentation in pictures and words. Volume 1: From apprentice and academy student to freelance landscape painter in Saxony and Saxony-Meiningen (1779‒1789). Commission publisher: Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 2018, ISBN 978-3-87707-405-3 . "Volume 2:" Through "mahlerisch-radirte Prospecte" / "vues pittoresques", further views of nature and ideal landscapes for the leading German-Roman landscaper in Rome (1789‒1799). "Commission publisher: Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 2019, ISBN 978-3-87707-406-0 . Volume 3: From the new founder of classical landscape painting to co-editor, author, translator and illustrator of the Rome Almanac (1800‒1810), 2020, 512 pages, approx. 260 illustrations, ISBN 978-3-87707-407-7

Web links

Commons : Johann Christian Reinhart  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 19 .
  2. ^ Descendants of Magdalena Wilhelmina Friderica Müllner. In: Database of the Verein für Computergenealogie e. V. March 29, 2009, accessed November 5, 2013 .
  3. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 15, 17 .
  4. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 24 .
  5. ^ Website of the University of Graphic and Book Art Leipzig: History. Retrieved November 1, 2012 .
  6. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 15 f .
  7. ^ Gunter E. Grimm, Danica Krunic: Introductory notes on the perception of Italy. In: Goethezeitportal at the Institute for German Philology at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Retrieved November 8, 2013 .
  8. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 17-20 .
  9. ↑ The Great, Heroic, Schiller Dedicated Landscape. In: Image index of art and architecture. Retrieved November 1, 2012 .
  10. ^ Hermann Mildenberger: Johann Christian Reinhart and Friedrich Schiller. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 36 ff .
  11. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography. Transit, Berlin 2010, p. 123 or the website of Minerva on the three palms: personalities of Minerva. Retrieved November 2, 2012 .
  12. ^ F. Carlo Schmid, Johann Christian Reinhart as a draftsman and etcher. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 16 f .
  13. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 353 f .
  14. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 68 .
  15. ^ Descendants of Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Database of the Verein für Computergenealogie e. V. March 29, 2009, accessed November 5, 2013 .
  16. ^ Albert Gessler: Ernst Stückelberg lives with Teresa Reinhart. Retrieved November 29, 2019 .
  17. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 21, 25 f .
  18. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 16 .
  19. ^ Andreas Stolzenburg, Johann Christian Reinhart in a portrait. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 92.99 .
  20. ^ Almanac from Rome: limited preview in the Google book search.
  21. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 93 ff .
  22. ↑ Also: Franz Riepenhausen , Johannes Riepenhausen , Franz von Rohden , Bertel Thorvaldsen and Philipp Veit ; see. Entry and digitization at the University and State Library of Münster. Retrieved November 7, 2012 .
  23. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 26, 45 .
  24. ↑ Map of the cemetery from 2008, grave no.16. Retrieved October 26, 2013 .
  25. ^ Announcements from the Musealverein für Krain. Volume 1, Edition 2, p. 89. Laibach 1908. Musealverein für Krain, 1908, accessed on November 27, 2012 .
  26. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 13, 52 f .
  27. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 15 .
  28. ↑ Magazine for Foreign Literature, Berlin, May 2, 1848: German voices about Pius IX. Heinrich Stieglitz and the painter Reinhart. limited preview in Google Book search.
  29. ^ Andreas Stolzenburg, biography. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 103 .
  30. ^ Catalog of the Bavarian State Library. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 10, 2013 ; Retrieved November 10, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bsb-muenchen.de
  31. ↑ Research in the central estate database at http://www.nachlassdatenbank.de/, no deep links possible.
  32. ↑ Research in Kalliope , under http://kalliope-verbund.info/.
  33. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 13 .
  34. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 7 .
  35. ^ Neue Pinakothek: Overview of the artist. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2012 ; Retrieved November 7, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pinakothek.de
  36. ↑ A German landscape painter in Rome. Britta Probol on the exhibition in Hamburg 2012. (No longer available online.) In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 1, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ndr.de
  37. ^ Richard Tuttle, The Thrill of the Ideal. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 100 .
  38. ^ Andreas Stolzenburg, Johann Christian Reinhart and the artistic community in Rome 1790–1847. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 83 .
  39. ^ Andreas Stolzenburg, Johann Christian Reinhart and the artistic community in Rome 1790–1847. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 83 .
  40. ^ Markus Bertsch, Reinhart and the caricature. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 347 .
  41. ↑ Markus Bertsch: The look back. Thoughts on the structure of the picture and conception of staffage by Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 63 .
  42. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 327 .
  43. ↑ Herbert W. Rott: Erdigte Landscapes. Johann Christian Reinhart as a painter. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 48 .
  44. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 97 .
  45. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 96 ff .
  46. ^ Andreas Stolzenburg, Johann Christian Reinhart and the artistic community in Rome 1790–1847. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 77 .
  47. ↑ Carl Ludwig Fernow: About landscape painting. In: Der Neue Teutsche Merkur. Volume 3, 1804, pp. 594-640. Digital copy from Bielefeld University
  48. ↑ Herbert W. Rott: Erdigte Landscapes. Johann Christian Reinhart as a painter. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 51 .
  49. ↑ Herbert W. Rott: Erdigte Landscapes. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 55, 61 .
  50. ^ Herbert W. Rott: Four views of Rome from the tower of the Villa Malta 1829-1835. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 341 .
  51. ^ Statement by Andreas Stolzenburg with Matthias Gretzschel: From the ideal to the real landscape. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. October 26, 2012, accessed December 1, 2012 .
  52. ↑ Andreas Andresen: The German painter-Radirer of the nineteenth century. 1st volume, 2nd half, Leipzig 1866, p. 177 ff.
  53. ↑ David Klemm: Comments on the art of drawing by Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 27 .
  54. ^ F. Carlo Schmid, Johann Christian Reinhart as a draftsman and etcher. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 17 f .
  55. ↑ David Klemm: Comments on the art of drawing by Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 32 .
  56. ↑ David Klemm: Comments on the art of drawing by Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 28 .
  57. ^ A b Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 106 .
  58. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 103 .
  59. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 107 ff .
  60. ^ Dieter Richter: From court to Rome. Johann Christian Reinhart, a German painter in Italy. A biography . Transit Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88747-245-0 , p. 105 .
  61. ↑ Illustration of the memorial plaque at www.chieracostui.com. Retrieved November 27, 2012 .
  62. ^ Website of Te Papa Tongarewa: Works by JC Reinhart. Retrieved November 7, 2012 .
  63. ^ National Gallery of Art: search result. December 30, 2013, accessed December 30, 2013 .
  64. ↑ David Klemm: Comments on the art of drawing by Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 26.34 .
  65. ↑ David Klemm: Comments on the art of drawing by Johann Christian Reinhart. In: Markus Bertsch u. a .: Johann Christian Reinhart. A German landscape painter in Rome. Catalog book for the exhibition in Hamburg, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2012/2013 and in Munich, Neue Pinakothek, 2013 . Ed .: Herbert W. Rott, Andreas Stolzenburg. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-8021-3 , pp. 26 .
  66. ^ Inge Feuchtmayr: Johann Christian Reinhart 1761–1847. Monograph and catalog raisonné . Prestel, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7913-0067-9 , pp. 425 .
  67. ^ Frankenpost on January 20, 2011: Big party with books and pictures. Retrieved November 3, 2012 .
  68. ^ Casa di Goethe: Exhibition archive. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / casadigoethe.it
  69. ↑ Belinda Grace Gardner: Mood pictures of romanticism. The Kunsthalle is honoring landscape painter Johann Christian Reinhart with a retrospective. In: Welt am Sonntag. October 28, 2012, accessed October 31, 2012 .
  70. ↑ Grisebach Autumn Auctions 2014, Lot 117. Archived from the original on December 2, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2014 .
  71. ↑ Grisebach Autumn Auctions 2013, Lot 116. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013 ; Retrieved December 8, 2013 .
personal data
SURNAME Reinhart, Johann Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter, draftsman and etcher
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1761
PLACE OF BIRTH court
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 1847
Place of death Rome