John Hampden
John Hampden (around 1594 - June 18, 1643 ) was an English politician.
Live and act
Hampden belonged to a family of the English gentry . He was the eldest son and heir of William Hampden († 1570), squire of Hampden House in Great Hampden , Buckinghamshire , and Elizabeth Cromwell († 1664), the second daughter of Sir Henry Cromwell († 1604) and aunt of Oliver Cromwell . He graduated from the University of Oxford .
He was repeatedly elected to the lower house of the English Parliament , in 1621 as Burgess for Grampound in Cornwall , later in the parliaments of 1625, 1626 and 1628 as Burgess for Wendover in Buckinghamshire, and from 1640 as Knight of the Shire for Buckinghamshire.
In 1636, John Hampden, later one of the most important leaders of the English bourgeois revolution, refused to pay the royal tax collector the "ship's money" - a tax that had not been approved by the House of Commons. The subsequent trial before the Supreme Court , in which he was convicted, earned him great popularity and led to the growth of bourgeois opposition to absolutism .
In 1640 he became the head of the opposition in parliament and was one of the five members of the lower house who were accused of high treason in 1642 before the upper house. In the English Civil War (1642–1649) Buckinghamshire was mostly set up in parliament. John Hampden helped defend Aylesbury in the battle of 1642 and was fatally wounded in a cavalry meeting on June 18, 1643 at Chalgrovefield , a few miles from Oxford .
The city of Hamden in Connecticut , USA was named after him, as was Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia USA.
literature
- John Adair: John Hampden, the Patriot, 1594-1643 . MacDonald & Janes, London 1976, ISBN 0-354-04014-6 .
- Hampden, John. In: Encyclopædia Britannica . Volume 12, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., New York 1911, pp. 900-902 ( Wikisource ).
Notes and individual references
- ↑ Charles Mosley (Ed.): Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage . Volume 1, Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, Wilmington 2003, p. 576.
- ↑ In addition to Hampden, Algernon Sidney (1623–1683) also gave its name.
Web links
- The John Hampden Society
- John Hampden on thepeerage.com
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hampden, John |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1594 |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 18, 1643 |