Jozef Murgaš
Jozef Murgaš (English Joseph Murgas ) (born February 17, 1864 in Jabríková, Austrian Empire , today part of Tajov , Slovakia ; † May 11, 1929 in Wilkes-Barre , Pennsylvania , United States ) was a Slovak priest, painter, inventor and Wireless communication pioneer.
Life
Murgaš studied at the Neusohl high school , but his main interest was painting. Then he studied theology in Pressburg from 1880–82 , and in Esztergom from 1882–84 . In 1888 he was ordained a priest. From 1889–90 he studied painting in Budapest and 1890–1894 in Munich . In 1896 he was transferred to the United States because of ongoing conflicts with his bishop's secretary. In the city of Wilkes-Barre ( Pennsylvania ) he was pastor of the local Slovak Catholic community. He founded a school, library, gymnasium and church for the local 300 Slovak families and developed his interest in electrical engineering, which had existed since the time of the seminar in Esztergom.
On 2 October 1903 requested Murgaš at the Patent Office a few patents that it was issued May 10, 1904, mainly the following two: "apparatus for wireless telegraphy" ( Apparatus for wireless telegraphy ), and "way of communication by wireless telegraphy" ( Method of communicating intelligence by wireless telegraphy ). He was also granted eleven other patents (see section Patents).
However, his greatest success was the first successful wireless transmission of voice. This took place on April 27, 1905 between the towns of Wilkes-Barre and Scranton over a distance of 30 km.
During the First World War he campaigned for the establishment of the Czechoslovak state and in 1918 also signed the Pittsburgh Agreement . After returning to Slovakia in 1920, he wanted to stay there and teach electrical engineering. He was denied this, which is why he returned to the United States, where he also died in 1929.
Murgaš was also a collector: his collection of mushrooms, minerals, plants and insects included around 9,000 specimens.
The asteroid (26639) Murgaš was named after him.
Patents
- Apparatus for wireless telegraphy (Engl. Apparatus for wireless telegraphy , see: US Patent 759.825 , 1904)
- Example of message transmission by wireless telegraphy ( Method of communicating intelligence by wireless telegraphy , US Patent 759.826 , 1904)
- Wave meter ( Wave meter , US Patent 848,675 , 1907)
- Electrical transformer ( Electric transformer , US Patent 848.676 , 1907)
- Means of antennas for wireless telegraphy ( Constructing antennae of wireless telegraphy , US Patent 860.051 , 1907)
- Way for radiation electromagnetic waves ( Means for producing electromagnetic waves , US Patent 876,383 , 1908)
- Wireless Telegraphy ( Wireless Telegraphy , US Patent 915.993 , 1909)
- Wireless Telegraphy ( Wireless Telegraphy , US Patent 917.103 , 1909)
- Detector of the magnetic wave ( Magnetic-wave detector , US Patent 917.104 , 1909)
- Detector ( Detector , US Patent 930,780 , 1909)
- Apparatus for producing electrical oscillations ( Apparatus for Producing electric oscillations , US Patent 1,001,975 , 1911)
- Fishing rod reel ( Casting-reel , US Patent 1,024,379 , 1912)
- Manner and apparatus for producing electrical oscillations of alternating current ( Method of and apparatus for Producing electric oscillation from alternating currents , US Patent 1,196,969 , 1917)
literature
- M. Hrochová: Jozef Murgaš. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 6, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1975, ISBN 3-7001-0128-7 , p. 445.
Web links
- Jozef Murgaš on mat.savba.sk (Slovak)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Murgaš, Jozef |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Murgas, Josef |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Slovak-American painter and inventor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 17, 1864 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Jabríková (part of Tajov ) |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 11, 1929 |
| Place of death | Wilkes-Barre |