Palace of Justice (Munich)
The Palace of Justice is a neo-baroque court and administration building in Munich , which was built by Friedrich von Thiersch from 1891 to 1897 . It is located between Elisenstrasse and Prielmayerstrasse in the Maxvorstadt district and is the seat of the Bavarian State Ministry of Justice .
Building history and architecture
After looking for a suitable location for the new Palace of Justice for a long time, the Herzoggarten, named after Clemens Franz de Paula of Bavaria , was found in 1886 in a central location between the main train station and Karlsplatz . The building site bordered the botanical garden to the north with the glass palace by August von Voit, completed in 1854 . In view of the expected urban development, the north facade was designed as the main facade.
On February 16, 1887, the Munich architect Friedrich von Thiersch was supported by Prince Regent Luitpold , who had personally campaigned for von Thiersch as a guarantee for a sophisticated and artistically high-quality execution, with the construction of the Palace of Justice in the neo-baroque style , the representative architectural style of the time , instructed. The excavation of the excavation began in spring 1891, the topping-out ceremony took place in December 1894 on the top of the dome , and the building was inaugurated on May 10, 1897 by Prince Regent Luitpold and then Minister of Justice Leopold von Leonrod .
The building, which is 138 meters long and 80 meters deep, has a 66 meter high glass dome light in the middle, including the lantern. The center of the building, which was designed around two inner courtyards, is the 19 m × 29 m central hall. It was built on the site on which the Clemensschlössl , built in the 1750s and 1960s and which had housed the cadet corps since 1826, stood. A new building for the Ludwig Maximilians University including the Georgianum was planned here in 1862/63 , as the gardeners' buildings in Ludwigstrasse that were occupied in 1840 had already become too small. After the unexpected death of King Maximilian II , however, these plans were not pursued.
The four facades of the free-standing building are different, but with the granite plinth as the substructure and the colossal order of pilasters or columns on the central and corner projections, they have similarities in structure. The three upper floors are adorned with window frames and gables, with the second floor being most emphasized. On the north facade, the east and west wings project as corner projections and the central building. Six columns with Corinthian capitals divide the upper floor. The longitudinal fronts and corner projections of the south façade are designed like the north façade, but the central projection is less prominent and is structured by pilasters. On the ground floor there is an open porch in front of the central entrance portal, which once served as a passageway for carriages. On the first floor, the porch serves as a balcony. The three central axes of the risalit are crowned by a gable with the Bavarian coat of arms. On the gable are the figures of Justitia, flanked by innocence and vice. The east facade is strongly pronounced due to the central projection with a convex porch and obelisks at all four corner points.
Because the building had become, despite its enormous size soon became too small, built Thiersch in the years 1903 to 1905 west next to the Palace of Justice in the forms of Bavarian Gothic brick architecture, the so-called New courthouse with two clock towers, which now houses the Bavarian Constitutional Court and the Higher Regional Court of Munich are .
Use of the Palace of Justice
Service building
The Palace of Justice has always been the service building of the Bavarian State Ministry of Justice , which occupies the upper floors. Most of the civil chambers of the Regional Court of Munich I are located on the lower floors . With the completion of the Munich Criminal Justice Center at Nymphenburger Strasse 16 in 1977, the criminal chambers of the District Court of Munich I were relocated from the Palace of Justice there.
Known processes
In February 1943 the trials of the members of the White Rose resistance group took place in the Palace of Justice in front of the People's Court . Today a memorial room has been set up that is accessible to visitors after registering at the gate. In 1962 the Palace of Justice was the scene of the sensational circumstantial trial against Vera Brühne . In March 2014, the criminal trial against Uli Hoeneß took place in the Palace of Justice before the Munich II district court . In Munich, the criminal justice center building on Nymphenburger Straße is intended for all main negotiations in criminal matters. The largest courtroom there (room 101), which is structurally designed to attract a great deal of media interest, was, however, occupied at the time with the NSU criminal trial against Beate Zschäpe . Because of the expected onslaught of press and TV journalists, it was decided to hold the main trial against Uli Hoeneß in the Palace of Justice as an exception.
Memorial sites and exhibitions
In room 253 a permanent exhibition commemorates the trials against the members of the White Rose .
Next to the entrance door, a memorial plaque made of Plexiglas reminds of the Jewish lawyers who were disenfranchised and persecuted during the Nazi era.
In the inner courtyard under the glass dome (atrium) there are occasional exhibitions on contemporary history issues related to the judiciary.
See also
literature
- Leopold Gmelin: The decorative furnishings of the Munich Palace of Justice . In: Journal of the Bavarian Arts and Crafts Association in Munich . Monthly booklets for the entire decorative arts. 46th year, no. 8 . Munich 1897, p. 65 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on July 25, 2013]). s. also illustrations, panels 29 to 32
- Erika Falkenhagen: 100 years of Munich Palace of Justice 1897-1997 . Ed .: Bavarian State Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. Munich 2008, DNB 130468703 .
- State Ministry of Justice: The Palace of Justice and the new justice building in Munich. Oldenbourg, Munich 1926.
- Otto Aufleger & Hans Schmidt: The Palace of Justice in Munich - A collection of overall images and details of the interior and exterior based on photolithographic nature photographs. , L. Werner, Munich 1904. (60 photo panels)
Facade from the east side
"Justice" group by Balthasar Schmitt
Central hall and stairs
Glass dome central hall
East side, from Stachus seen
Statue of the Prince Regent Luitpold
Stair pillar detail
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Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Josef Hugo Biller, Hans-Peter Rasp: Munich Art & Culture. City guide and manual . 15th completely revised edition. Ludwig, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-7787-5125-5 , p. 117 .
- ↑ 100 YEARS JUSTIZPALAST MÜNCHEN Bavarian State Ministry of Justice
- ↑ The Hoeneß trial should take place in the Palace of Justice in: tz-Online from March 7, 2014
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 '26 " N , 11 ° 33' 53" E