Juyan

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The Hanzeitlichen wooden tablets by Juyan ( 居延 汉 简 , Jūyán Hànjiǎn , English Wooden strips of Han Dynasty at Juyan ) are ancient wooden tablets from the time of the Han dynasty .

Synonyms for Juyan: Edsen-gol, Etsin-gol, 居延, Ruo Shui. River system in northern China: Ruo Shui (Chinese 弱水, literally "river becoming weaker", also Etsin Gol or Ruo He or Ejin River).

discovery

Was discovered in 1930 Folke Bergman during of Sven Hedin led Chinese-Swedish expedition (Sino-Swedish Scientific Expedition to the North-Western Province of China) in the hanzeitlichen Alarm Fire Tower -Stätte (HanDai fengsui Yizhi汉代烽燧遗址) in the valley of Ruoshui River ( here: Éjìnàhé 額濟納 河 / 额济纳 河) in the Ejin banner (Chinese Ejina qi 额济纳 旗) in Inner Mongolia over 10,000 tablets. From 1972 to 1976 more than 20,000 pieces were excavated one after the other.

Garrison documents

All are garrison documents from the commandant offices (duwei) Juyan 居延 and Jianshui 肩 水 under the administration of the Zhangye (张掖 Zhāngyē) Prefecture (jun). The majority belong to the late Western Han period up to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty .

They are essential materials for studying the history of the Han period. The wooden tablets discovered in 1930 were published by the Institute for Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences under the title 'Hanzeitliche wooden tablet texts from Juyan, first and second part' (Jūyán Hànjiǎn jiǎyǐ biān 居延 汉 简 甲乙 编) [Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1980 ].

A distinction is made between the older text finds, the newly discovered "New Wooden Tablets from Juyan" (Juyan xinjian).

meaning

The Hanzeitic text finds from Dunhuang and Juyan on wooden and bamboo tablets (Dunhuang Hanjian, Juyan Hanjian), the oracle bone inscriptions from Yinxu (Yinxu jiaguwen), the Buddhist text finds from the Dunhuang grottoes and the archives of the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties ( Gugong Ming Qing dang'an) are among the four great archaeological discoveries of the 20th century in China.

Juyan site

The Juyan site (Juyan yizhi) stretches across the Ejin banner in Inner Mongolia and Jinta County in Gansu Province . It also includes the Heicheng site ( Kharakhoto , the "Black City"), alarm towers (fengsui), the Pochengzi Jiaqu Palace site, etc.

The Juyan sites ( 居延 遗址 , Juyan yizhi , English Juyan sites ) in the Ejin banner in Inner Mongolia and Jinta County in Gansu Province have been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (3-209) since 1988 .

Signal towers

The also listed alarm fire tower site of Juyan (Jūyán fēngsuì yízhǐ 居延 烽燧 遗址 Beacon-fire site at Juyan) from the time of the Han dynasty is also located there.

Individual sites

  • Jianshui Jinguan 肩 水 金 关
  • Jiaqu Palace Site 甲 渠 候 宫 (Pochengzi)
  • Heicheng yizhi 黑 城 遗址Kharakhoto ("Black City"), Eina Banner, Inner Moingolei; Western Xia Dynasty ( Tanguts ) to Yuan Dynasty (Mongols)
  • Handai fengsui yizhi 汉代 烽燧 遗址

Literature (chronological)

  • Bo Sommarström: Archaeological researches in the Edsen-gol region, Inner Mongolia. Together with the catalog prepared by Folke Bergman. Statens Etnografisk Museum, Stockholm 1956–1958. 2 Vols. (Reports… Publication 39. VII, 8–9.) For further references see Folke Bergman .
  • Lao Gan 勞 幹: Juyan Hanjian. Tuban zhi bu, 3 vols., Taibei: Academia Sinica, IHP, 1957
  • Lao Gan: Juyan Han jian kaoshi , 2 reprints . Taipei 1957 and 1960
  • Michael Loewe: Records of Han Administration . 2 vols. Cambridge University Press, 1967.
  • Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan Kaogu yanjiusuo : Juyan Hanjian jia yi bian [Hanzeitic wooden tablet texts from Juyan, first and second part]. Zhonghua shuju, Beijing 1980.
  • Xie Guihua, Li Junming, Zhu Guoshao: Juyan Hanjian shiwen hejiao , 2 vols. Wenwu chubanshe , Beijing 1987.
  • Gansu sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo 甘肅 省 文物 考古 研究所 (Ed.): Dunhuang Hanjian , 2 vols. Zhonghua, Beijing 1991.
  • Juyan xin jian. Jiaqu hou guan / / Gansu sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo 甘肅 省 文物 考古 研究所 [et al.]: 居延 新 簡. 甲 渠 候 官 /… [et al.]. [Beijing]: Zhonghua shuju: Xinhua shudian Beijing faxingsuo faxing, 1994. 中華書局: 新華 書店 北京 發行 所 發行, 1994.
  • Gansu sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo 甘肅 省 文物 考古 研究所 u. a .: Juyan Hanjian xinjian . 2 vols. Zhonghua shuju, Beijing 1994
  • Jiandu zhengli xiaozu (Ed.): Juyan Hanjian bubian , Taibei: Academia Sinica, IHP, 1998
  • Wei Jian (Ed.): Ejina Hanjian , Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue 2005

Web links

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