Royal gardening school at the wildlife park near Potsdam

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Royal Gardening School at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam (around 1880)

The Royal Gardening College at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam (KGL) was a Prussian training center for gardeners and horticulturalists that existed in Potsdam from 1824 to 1903, and was then moved to Dahlem .

founding

The garden artist Peter Joseph Lenné , who was appointed a member of the Royal Garden Directorate in 1818, planned a comprehensive redesign of the Potsdam garden and park landscape. To do this, he needed well-trained gardeners and efficient tree nurseries that could supply him with plants.

In a promemoria of December 28, 1821 to the Royal Court Marshal's Office, he therefore called for the establishment of a Royal Gardening School as a training facility for gardeners and a state tree nursery connected with it. He also emphasized the need to further promote fruit growing through such an institution. The proposal was made by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. rejected by the responsible minister on November 6, 1822.

At the suggestion of the Minister of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs Karl Freiherr vom Stein zum Altenstein , the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States was founded in 1822 , of which Lenné was one of the founding members. Heinrich Friedrich Link , director of the Royal Botanical Garden (now Heinrich-von-Kleist-Park ) in Schöneberg near Berlin, took over the chairmanship of the association . Already in the second meeting of the association, Lenné presented a concept about the "principles for the establishment of a state tree nursery near Potsdam" and found a proponent of his idea in the association, so that on December 1, 1822, he decided to found a gardening school near the botanical Garden.

Court Marshal Burchard Friedrich von Maltzahn, the artistic director of the Royal Gardens, convinced the Minister of the Interior, Freiherr Friedrich von Schuckmann von Lenné's proposals, so that, together with Minister Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein, two ministries committed to the implementation of the project. Then King Friedrich Wilhelm III voted. finally closed and decided by cabinet order of August 20, 1823 the establishment of a state tree nursery and horticultural college in Schöneberg and Potsdam .

Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein became the patron of the gardening school and five years later suggested the establishment of the Royal State and Agricultural Academy Eldena .

The gardening school was organized as a public foundation and was mainly financed by state grants and the school fees of the graduates. The initial school fee was 50 Reichstaler annually, which the students had to pay in advance. They had to pay for board and lodging themselves.

Location and building

Design of the model and teaching garden for the gardening school by Ferdinand Jühlke (around 1870)
Drafts of a farm building for the gardening college Potsdam
Institute for Food Technology and Food Chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin in Dahlem - View of the old building from 1903 from the restored rose garden (2018)
Restored perennial garden of the Institute for Food Technology and Food Chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin in Dahlem (2018)

The gardening school was opened in the spring of 1824. At first there was no central school building, but the lessons for gardening training took place at different locations. In connection with the Schöneberg Botanical Garden, a house at the intersection of Hauptstrasse and Großgörschenstrasse was acquired as a school building and for a herbarium in which theoretical lessons were held. The practical training took place in the botanical garden in Schöneberg, in the royal gardens in Potsdam as well as on the Pfaueninsel and the state tree nursery .

In terms of organization, the gardening school was initially divided into the two departments Potsdam-Wildpark and Schöneberg . The inspector of the neighboring botanical garden, Christoph Friedrich Otto (1783-1856), who held this post until 1843, was appointed the first director of the Schöneberg department . The Potsdam department, together with the state tree nursery Lenné, was subordinate to the director, who held the office until his death in 1866.

In 1842 the state tree nursery was relocated to Geltow so that the gardening school could take over the vacant buildings on the street Am Neuen Palais . While the Potsdam department regularly generated financial surpluses, the Schöneberg department remained permanently in deficit, which resulted in its closure in 1853. Lessons only took place in Potsdam, which is why in 1854 it was renamed the Royal Gardening School at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam . Under Ferdinand Jühlke , the buildings at the Neue Palais were converted for the institution.

Due to the lack of space in the buildings at the wildlife park and the planned relocation of the Berlin Botanical Garden, the gardening school was finally relocated to Dahlem in 1903 . The educational institution was given a 34-acre site at Königin-Luise-Straße 22, on which a new institution building was erected, with the property extending to Takustraße in the west and to Altensteinstraße in the south-east, with the new Botanical on the opposite side Garten Berlin moved into its location. As part of an inauguration ceremony, the Minister for Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Victor von Podbielski , handed over the premises with the institution building to the gardening school, which now operates under the name of the Royal Gardening School in Dahlem near Steglitz-Berlin . The new botanical garden also opened its gates for the first time on April 13, 1903 for a preview, but not for regular visits until 1904 after the outdoor facilities were completed. On the same occasion, the community of Zehlendorf opened a commercial advanced training school for gardeners in 1903, to which today's Peter Lenné School goes back as a vocational and technical school.

In 1909 the connection with the court ended when Theodor Echtermeyer became director. On April 9, 1910, the Royal Gardening School was renamed the Higher Gardening School . Gardening training was discontinued during the First World War and only resumed in January 1919.

In 1924, on the occasion of its 100th anniversary, the gardening institute was renamed "Teaching and research institute for horticulture in Berlin-Dahlem (LuFA)". The city of Berlin and the state of Prussia provided the institute with test areas in Großbeeren and Falkenhagen. After the establishment of the German post-war states, the facilities in Großbeeren were separated from that of the LuFA headquarters in the US sector of Berlin and became independent (today the Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Production ).

In 1928 the teaching and research institute was finally nationalized. From 1929 the Faculty of Horticulture at the Agricultural University in Berlin offered a degree in gardening, which is why the originally intended conversion of the educational institution into a university was not carried out. In 1935 she was employed in the experimental and research institute for horticulture in Berlin-Dahlem (VuFA) . In 1940 it was renamed the Horticultural Research Institute and Higher Horticultural School in Berlin-Dahlem (VuFA) .

After the Second World War , the name was changed in 1946 to the Berlin-Dahlem Teaching and Research Institute (LuFA) and in 1960 to the State Horticultural Teaching and Research Institute (LuFA) . From the gardening school in Berlin-Dahlem, the State Horticultural Engineering Academy (SIAG) emerged in 1966 as one of four Berlin state engineering academies , which finally merged in 1971 into the Technical University of Applied Sciences, today the Beuth University of Technology Berlin .

The former school building of the gardening school Am Neuen Palais is now a listed building along with the farm buildings and the remains of the associated training garden with the instruction walls for fruit growing.

On the site of the former gardening college in Berlin-Dahlem, the rose garden and the perennial garden were restored in 2014 after an institute building from the 1960s was demolished. The greenhouses of the institution on Altensteinstrasse have been privately owned and have been used as an exclusive garden center by the garden architects Isabelle van Groeningen and Gabriella Pape since 2008 . In 2006, the Technical University of Applied Sciences moved completely to the Berlin district of Wedding, so that the site, three buildings from the founding times in 1903 and a newer institute building from the 2000s have been used by the Technical University of Berlin for the Institute of Food Technology. The entire area is home to many trees from all over the world and is a listed building.

Curriculum and degrees

The institution's first statute from 1823 provided for four levels of teaching in three departments. The course lasted up to four years; After two years of training, the students received a degree as gardeners, in the third year they trained as art gardeners, and after four years the graduates were trained as horticulturalists. The students completed the first year in Schöneberg and switched to Potsdam for the second year of training, where the royal gardens in Potsdam and on the Pfaueninsel were used for the practical part of the training. The trainees were each assigned to a specific court gardener, in whose area they worked and with whom they also lived.

On December 1, 1909, the previous head gardener examination regulations were replaced by an examination for a state-certified garden master. The study period lasted four semesters, whereby the master class students had to have completed a two-year practical horticultural apprenticeship and at least two years of assistantship in order to be accepted at the gardening college. Successful school-leaving qualifications at the educational establishment, in conjunction with a one-year volunteer certificate, entitle you to study at all Berlin universities.

After the resumption of lessons after the interruption by the First World War, the institute trained the graduates from 1919 to become state-certified horticultural technicians (1st state examination); from 1920 the title of state certified horticultural inspector (2nd state examination) was awarded.

Although the institute did not achieve the status of a university, years of study completed here could be recognized for further studies.

Head of the gardening school

Peter Joseph Lenné, head of the gardening school from 1824 to 1866
Ferdinand Jühlke, head of the gardening school from 1866 to 1891

Directors in Schöneberg:

Inspectors in Schöneberg:

Directors in Potsdam:

Inspectors in Potsdam:

  • 1867 to 1870 Oskar Teichert, inspector at the Royal State Tree Nursery
  • 1870 to 1883 Wilhelm Lauche , inspector at the Royal State Tree Nursery
  • 1883 to 1894 Karl Koopmann (1851–?), Royal Horticultural Inspector
  • 1894 to 1903 Theodor Echtermeyer , Royal Horticultural Director

Well-known teachers and graduates

Teacher

In the course of its history, a total of around 50 teachers have taught at the gardening school. Well-known teachers were:

  • Albert Gottfried Dietrich (born November 8, 1795 in Danzig; † May 22, 1856 in Berlin) was curator at the Botanical Garden in Berlin and teacher at the gardening college in Schöneberg
  • Carl Alfred Müller (born November 20, 1855 in Rudolstadt, † June 13, 1907 in Berlin) was a German botanist and taught at the royal gardening college at the Wildpark near Potsdam and Berlin-Dahlem
  • Otto Stahn (born July 10, 1859 in Berlin; † January 31, 1930 there) was a German architect and taught at the royal gardening school in Berlin-Dahlem
  • Friedrich August Ernst Encke , known as Fritz Encke (born April 5, 1861 in Oberstedten; † March 12, 1931 in Herborn) was a German horticultural architect, royal horticultural director and municipal gardening director, from 1890 to 1903 he taught as a teacher of garden art at the Wildpark gardening school

Graduates

In total, more than 1000 students were trained at the Royal Gardening School. Numerous graduates later developed a particularly outstanding reputation in the horticultural field:

  • Max Bertram (born July 1, 1849 in Potsdam, † June 9, 1914 in Dresden) - royal Saxon horticultural director and horticultural teacher
  • Friedrich Bouché (born July 6, 1850 in Schöneberg; † March 11, 1933 in Dresden) - garden architect and royal Saxon gardening director
  • Walter von Engelhardt - Düsseldorf's first gardening authority
  • Karl Foerster - perennial grower (dropped out of training after a year)
  • Heinrich Jungclaussen (born October 8, 1857 in Cismar; † December 28, 1946) - tree nursery owner and horticultural entrepreneur in Frankfurt (Oder)
  • Oscar Hering (* 1814 in Prenzlau, Mark Brandenburg; † March 27, 1884 in Düsseldorf) - German landscape and garden architect, court gardener at Pawlowsk Palace and Benrath Palace, and garden director of the city of Düsseldorf
  • Carl Kempkes (born July 21, 1881 in Rees on the Lower Rhine, † January 25, 1964 in Weißenburg in Bavaria) - a German garden architect
  • Adolf Kowallek (born December 27, 1852 in Wongrowitz / Posen, † May 16, 1902 in Cologne) - head gardener of the Nuremberg city nursery, garden architect
  • Georg Kuphaldt (born June 6, 1853 in Plön, † April 14, 1938 in Berlin) - German garden architect, is considered the most important garden architect in the Russian Empire before the First World War
  • Metaphius Theodor August Langenbuch (born September 4, 1842 in Eutin, † May 2, 1907 in Lübeck) - garden architect and city gardener in Lübeck
  • Reinhold Lingner (born June 27, 1902 in Berlin; † January 1, 1968 there) - leading landscape and garden architect in the GDR.
  • Harry Maasz (born January 5, 1880 in Cloppenburg; † August 24, 1946 in Lübeck) - garden architect and horticultural writer in Lübeck
  • Johann Heinrich Gustav Meyer (born January 14, 1816 in Frauendorf, Randow district, † May 27, 1877 in Berlin) - landscape designer and municipal gardening director in Berlin
  • Wolfgang Oehme (born May 18, 1930 in Chemnitz, † December 15, 2011 in Towson, USA) - German garden architect
  • Philipp Siesmayer (born October 24, 1862 in Frankfurt-Bockenheim, † May 2, 1935 in Frankfurt) - Royal Prussian Horticultural Director
  • Julius Trip - city gardener in Hanover
  • Heinrich Zeininger (born March 11, 1867 in Homburg before the height, † May 15, 1939 in Berlin) - last royal court garden director in Prussia

literature

Title page of Jühlke's 1872 font

Complex commemorative publications dealing with the history of the gardening school at the wildlife park were published on various anniversary occasions:

  • Ferdinand Jühlke: The Royal State Tree Nursery and Gardening School in Potsdam: historical presentation of its founding, effectiveness and results along with contributions to culture. Verlag von Wiegandt & Hempel, Berlin 1872, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A11011971~SZ%3D5~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D
  • Theodor Echtermeyer: The royal gardening school at the wildlife park near Potsdam 1824-1899. Festschrift to commemorate the seventy-five year anniversary. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin 1899
  • Theodor Echtermeyer: The royal gardening school in Dahlem. Memorandum to commemorate the ten-year existence of the institution in Dahlem. Publishing bookstore Paul Parey Berlin 1913
  • Higher Gardening School Berlin-Dahlem (Ed.): Memorandum for the 100th anniversary of the Higher Gardening School Berlin-Dahlem. Frankfurt on the Oder, 1924

Web links

Commons : Königliche Gärtnerlehranstalt Potsdam-Wildpark  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ferdinand Jühlke: II. The royal state tree nursery . In: The royal state tree nursery and gardening school in Potsdam: historical presentation of its founding, effectiveness and results along with contributions to culture . Verlag von Wiegandt & Hempel, Berlin 1872, p. 27
  2. ↑ Björn Brüsch: Genealogy of an educational institution: From the garden use of the land to the establishment of the royal gardening institution . Munich 2010
  3. ↑ a b c Heidrun Siebenhühner: Foundation of the Royal Gardening School . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 8, 1998, ISSN  0944-5560 , p. 62 ( luise-berlin.de ).
  4. ↑ a b c Clemens Alexander Wimmer: The training of court gardeners . In: Prussian Green. Court gardener in Brandenburg-Prussia . SPSG, Potsdam 2004, p. 148.
  5. ↑ Timeline for the history of the Faculty of Life Sciences on the website of the Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, accessed on June 28, 2015.
  6. ↑ History of the Beuth University on the website of the Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin , accessed on June 28, 2015.
  7. ^ Herbert Lohrum: Siesmayer, Philipp. In: Frankfurter Personenlexikon (online edition). Retrieved September 13, 2017 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '47 "  N , 13 ° 0' 52.2"  E