Kamassian language
The Kamassian language was one of the Samoyed languages . Together with the Finno-Ugric languages, these form the Uralic language family .
| Kamassian | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Russia | |
| speaker | Extinct since 1989 | |
| Linguistic classification |
||
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
mis |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
xas |
|
Kamassian was spoken by the Kamassians in Russia east of the Urals to the Yenisei . Dialects were Kamas and Koibal (Kaibal). The decline of the language began in the 18th century, when the Kamassins became more and more part of the Turkic-speaking people of the Khakass .
The work of Matthias Alexander Castrén and Kai Donner in particular preserved knowledge of the language for science. The last native speaker of Samoyed Kamassisch Klawdija Plotnikowa died in 1989 in the village of Abalakowo near Aginskoye in the Krasnoyarsk region . Since numerous tapes and film recordings, mostly made in the 1960s, have survived, linguists can still get a good picture of the language today.
Language system
(according to the Finno-Ugric phonetic alphabet )
-
Vowels
- There were 13 vowels in Kamassian: a, e, i, o, u, ü, ä, ö, å, ə, ɛ, e̮ and i̮.
-
Consonants
- Plosives : k, k̕, g, t, t̕, d, ď, p, ṕ, b, b̕,
- Affricates : s, ś, š, š̕, z, ź, ž, ž̕, c, ć, č, č̕, ʒ, ʒ́, ǯ, ǯ̕
- Nasal : M, m, n, n, n
- Fricatives : ɣ, x, x́, δ, f,
- Half vowels : w, j
- Lateral : l, ĺ
- Tremulants : r, ŕ
literature
- Aulis Johannes Joki (Ed.): Kai Donner's Kammasisches Dictionary along with language samples and main features of grammar . (= Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae 8). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura , Helsinki 1944.
- Ago Künnap: System and origin of the Kamassian inflection suffixes . Volume 1: Number signs and nominal inflection. (= Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia 147). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Helsinki 1971.
- Ago Künnap: System and origin of the Kamassian inflection suffixes . Volume 2: Verbal inflection and verbal nouns . (= Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia 164). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Helsinki 1978.
- Péter Simoncsics: Kamassian . In: Daniel Abondolo (Ed.): The Uralic Languages . Routledge, London 1998, ISBN 0-415-08198-X , pp. 580-601.
Web links
- Ethnological report. Ethnologue (English)
- Kamassian-English dictionary ( memento of August 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive )