Captain music

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Manuscript of the final chorus from the oratorio of the captain's music from 1730 "So go there and eat your bread with joy"

Under Hamburger kapitänsmusik refers to works that in 1719 and from 1722 to the annual Hamburg Festival of Civil Guard were performed in the 18th century, in which the citizens captains of the city will be honored. The music was written by Georg Philipp Telemann , among others . Many of these works have been lost or only partially preserved.

Historical background

As part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , Hamburg was in dire straits during the Turkish Wars. Poets and musicians wrote and composed about it. But mainly in the poems for the captain's music the hope for an early peace was expressed. As an international trading center, the Hanseatic City of Hamburg was very interested in a stable world and economy. When war broke out, the vigilante guard, led by the so-called captains, was usually used. These were not only responsible for military tasks, but also communal obligations such as B. the supervision of all strangers who came into the city.

Content and structure

alternative description
Jubilee meal of the Hamburg citizen captains in 1719 in the drill house

The captain's music is divided into a sacred oratorio and a secular serenata . The oratorio was played before the extended feast. The serenata was performed during the meal and during the transition into the evening hours. Not only professional musicians took part, but ordinary citizens also made music in the ensembles.

The oratorio and serenata each begin with a choir or a chorale , followed by recitatives and arias alternating . The end is formed by a final chorale or chorus. The content of the captain's music texts was shaped by certain basic ideas. These included topics such as the defensive city and the establishment of peace. Otherwise, however, the composer was given the freedom to compose. Current events were often dealt with, such as B. the Turkish Wars . The content of the oratorio was spiritual. God was praised and the peaceful coexistence of the population was spiritually supported.

The content of the Serenata was secular. These included topics such as the Elbe or war and peace, which were often portrayed in fictional musical dialogues by a spirit of war and a spirit of peace. The content-related aspects were often very different despite the formative basic ideas. The formal external structure, however, was very similar.

The kapitänsmusik were the so-called Drill house , listed, which normally served for military exercises of citizens guard at Holzdamm on the Inner Alster.

Composers

The first captain's music was performed on the occasion of the so-called Jubel-Mahl for the 100th anniversary of the Hamburg Citizens Guard in 1719. The composer was Matthias Christoph Wiedeburg based on texts by Michael Richey .

From 1722 Telemann composed 44 captain's music, 9 of which are still complete and 3 in parts.

TWV year Share Oratorio Share Serenata libretto comment
15: 2 1724 14th 17th Johann Philipp Praetorius completely received, recorded
15: 4 1728 - 27 Johann Philipp Praetorius or Christoph Gottlieb Wend only received Serenata
15: 5 1730 19th 29 Oratorio: Georg Philipp Telemann, Serenata: Johann Georg Hamann completely preserved, oratorio recorded
15: 9 1736 20th 23 Joachim Johann Daniel Zimmermann completely preserved, Serenata recorded
15:11 1738 25th 24 Jacob Friedrich Lamprecht completely received, recorded
15:13 1742 23 19th Friedrich Wilhelm Rohloffs completely preserved
15:15 1744 27 25th Nikolaus Dietrich Giseke completely received, recorded
15:20 1755 21st 23 Oratorio: Heinrich Gottlieb Schellhaffer , Serenata: Michael Richey completely received, recorded
15:21 1756 8th - Wilhelm Adolf Paulli only received Oratorio
15:22 1760 21st 17th Wilhelm Adolf Paulli completely preserved
15:23 1761 8th - Wilhelm Adolf Paulli? only received Oratorio
15:25 1763 (1764) 18th 23 Wilhelm Adolf Paulli completely preserved

While the festival was celebrated almost annually under Telemann, there were only five meetings during Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's tenure , with traditional captain music being performed only in 1780 and 1783; In 1772, 1775 and 1788 only instrumental music was played.

BR-CPEB year Share Oratorio Share Serenata libretto comment
G 14/15 1780 16 8th Christian Wilhelm Alers completely preserved, oratorio recorded
G 15/16 1783 17th 9 Christian Wilhelm Alers Music received only for the serenata

swell

  • Willi Maertens : Georg Philipp Telemann's so-called Hamburgische Kapitänsmusiken (1723–1765). (= Source catalogs for the history of music , vol. 21), Florian Noetzel, Heinrichshofen-Bücher, Wilhelmshaven 1988, ISBN 3-7959-0520-6 .
  • Bert Siegmund: Georg Philipp Telemann, Kapitänsmusik from 1724. Booklet for CD cpo 777 176-2.
  • Eckart Kleßmann : To Telemann's captain's music from 1738. Booklet for CD cpo 777 386-2.
  • Veronika Greuel: Telemann, an all-rounder in Hamburg. Booklet for CD cpo 777 390-2.
  • Willi Maertens: Georg Philipp Telemann, Oratorio and Serenata of the Captain's Music 1755. Booklet for CD cpo 999 211-2.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ W. Enßlin, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: Thematic-systematic directory of musical works, part 2