Karlsplatz (Vienna)
| Karlsplatz | |
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 Karlsplatz with the Künstlerhaus |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | Inner City (1st), Wieden (4th District) |
| Confluent streets | Kärntner Strasse , Friedrichstrasse , Operngasse , Treitlstrasse |
| Buildings | Karlskirche , Technical University , Künstlerhaus , Wien Museum , Musikverein , Secession building |
| use | |
| User groups | Individual traffic, public traffic, pedestrians |
| Space design | Monuments , pools, green spaces |
The Karlsplatz is on the border between the Vienna municipal districts Inner City and Wieden . The square is crossed several times by heavily frequented streets and is thus divided into different more or less strongly separated areas. Due to the regulation and flattening of the Wien River carried out from 1894 to 1900 , it was named after Emperor Charles VI in 1899 . named. During the plague epidemic of 1713/14, he had taken a vow to have a church built, the Karlskirche , built from 1716 to 1737 .
history
Before Karlsplatz became a square, there was the decorative Elisabeth Bridge over the Vienna River , built in 1854 and named after the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I ; the two had married in the same year. The bridge was equipped with statues in 1867, which have stood on the Rathausplatz in front of the Vienna City Hall since 1902 . On April 20, 1897, the bridge was closed and then demolished.
As a result, there were repeated attempts to re-plan the elongated square created by the vaulting of the Vienna River and to provide it with new landmark buildings. The controversy surrounding Otto Wagner's city museum dragged on for about a decade before 1914 . In 1900 the architect presented a so-called “agitation project” that was exhibited in the Secession . On May 7, 1901, the Vienna City Council announced an architecture competition - there was a preliminary competition in the late autumn of 1901 and a closer competition in the spring of 1902. Friedrich Schachner's conventionally historicist project was awarded a prize.
Thereupon a tug-of-war "hie Wagner - hie Schachner" began with active participation of the public interested in art. In the spring of 1903 two plastic models were made and put on public display, but this did nothing to defuse the contradictions. The mayor Karl Lueger , who was well-meaning Otto Wagner but was keen on his popularity, worked and kept a low profile. In a press conference on November 3, 1907, he praised Wagner's project, for example, but spoke out against a facade in the style of the Post Office Savings Bank .
Thereupon Princess Pauline Metternich mobilized conservative members of the high nobility against the project, whose petition received 6,000 support signatures within a short time. On October 22, 1909, Lueger declared that he was personally advocating the Schmelz as the building site for the Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Stadtmuseum. In January 1910, however, a Wagnerian facade segment in original size was erected on Karlsplatz. After Lueger's death, on July 14, 1911, the local council decided to build the city museum on the Schmelz - but this, too, ultimately did not materialize.
In the interwar period, primarily temporary buildings were built on Karlsplatz (e.g. a shopping center on the site of today's Vienna Museum), after 1945 considerations of traffic planning dominated (although the elevated road solutions proposed by Georg Lippert and others did not materialize ).
Architectural competitions relating to Karlsplatz were held in 1946, 1966, 1969 (regarding the construction of the subway) and 1971 (regarding the garden design). The implemented planning with the oval pond designed by the Swedish garden architect Sven Ingvar Anderson met the sharpest criticism in 1976/1977 - Clemens Holzmeister appeared to be “shaken” by the water in front of the Karlskirche, the media spoke of the “Chaosplatz”. Despite this very negative press echo, the acceptance of the considerably enlarged Resselpark green area (and its pond) seems relatively high today. The Esperantopark and the Girardipark were created in the course of the planting of all the green areas on Karlsplatz, which was redesigned by Jakob Fina in 2006 .
Johann Friedrich Wizani : The Karlskirche on the unspoilt Vienna River, 1822
The regulation of Vienna, 1898
Elisabeth Bridge around 1895
Otto Wagner's design for the redesign of the square (1909)
traffic
In terms of transport, Karlsplatz is one of the most important points in the city. Five traffic flows form a node here:
- via Wienzeile ( B1 ), the so-called "Westausfahrt" or "Westeinfahrt" to the Westautobahn starting on the western edge of the city ,
- via the grain market , the so-called " two line ", to the north and northwest,
- Via Operngasse and Kärntner Straße to the Ringstraße in the area of the State Opera as a connection to the part of the city center located within the Ringstraße and to the northeast of the city,
- via Lothringerstraße (B1) to Schwarzenbergplatz and on to the Danube Canal in the Urania area as a connection to the east,
- via Operngasse and Margaretenstraße to the south of the city and to the southern motorway starting on the southern outskirts .
Three of the five Vienna underground lines ( U1 , U2 and U4 ) cross each other in the Karlsplatz station . You are here with the tram lines 1 and 62, with the bus lines 4A and 59A as well as with regional bus lines to Burgenland and Styria and with the Badner Bahn , the local train to Baden near Vienna. At the exit "Kärntner Ring" (stop "Oper, Karlsplatz") the trains of the tram lines 1, 2, D and 71 as well as the bus line 2A stop.
Below Kärntner Straße, the Opernpassage forms a lively pedestrian connection from the Resselpark to the Ring with exits to the underground stations.
The "line of two"
In the tram network of 1907 , line 2 was intended to connect Getreidemarkt and Lothringerstrasse via Karlsplatz. The connection between Währinger Strasse and Praterstern , originally known as the “freight road line”, was later replaced by numerous through lines, from which lines E 2 , G 2 and H 2 ran until the U2 underground line opened in 1980 . The name “ Zweierlinie ” established itself in the vernacular for this jointly used tram route, which led from the Regional Court for Criminal Matters in Vienna via Getreidemarkt, Karlsplatz, Lothringerstraße and Heumarkt to Hinteren Zollamtstraße.
In 1966, the section between the criminal district court and Karlsplatz was moved underground to relieve car traffic and the numerous crossing tram lines on the surface. The tunnel entrance at the southern end was next to the Secession until 1980 .
The tracks over Karlsplatz and through Lothringerstraße to Schwarzenbergplatz , which had been used by the two-way lines until then , remained as operating tracks after the U2 went into operation, including the loop on Karlsplatz, and are used for short tours on the Ringstraße due to traffic and as a starting point for nostalgic tram rides. The unofficial term two-line is used today primarily for the street from the regional court to Karlsplatz, occasionally also for its continuation to the city park (Johannesgasse).
architecture
The largest area of the square is on the south side of the Resselpark, named after the inventor Josef Ressel . To the east, the Karlskirche, with a water basin with a sculpture by Henry Moore in front of it , as well as the Wien Museum building (formerly the Historical Museum of the City of Vienna ) and office building form the boundaries of the park. On the south-west side, the square is bordered by the main building of today's Technical University (TU Vienna) and the Protestant school, which was built as a polytechnic according to a design by Joseph Schemerl von Leythenbach .
In the Resselpark there are monuments and busts of the inventors Josef Ressel , Siegfried Marcus and Josef Madersperger as well as the composer Johannes Brahms (see Brahms monument ), on the north side the reception building of the former Karlsplatz station of the Viennese steam light rail, built by Otto Wagner in Art Nouveau style or the Viennese electric light rail that emerged from this .
In 2019, the Resselpark was set as the new location for the memorial for homosexual victims in the Nazi era . In April 2020 a jury is to determine the winning project of a competition.
HAK I of the Vienna Business School
Separated from the rest of the square by a six-lane carriageway, on the southern edge of which runs the border between the 1st and 4th district, the building of the Wiener Musikverein , the Künstlerhaus , the Handelsakademie I of the Vienna Business School and a number of early days close to the north Bourgeois houses from Karlsplatz. The Café Museum is located on the corner of Operngasse .
To the west, the Secession building and the Novomatic Forum (the former tourist office building) delimit the square that merges into the Naschmarkt area . Near the library building of the TU there is a branch of the Kunsthalle Wien in the Rosa-Mayreder -Park with the project space Karlsplatz .
numbering
Buildings with the address Karlsplatz can only be found (apart from unnumbered pavilions in the inner area of the square) in the north, east and south of the square: In the north, the numbering begins with No. 1 on the eastern corner of Kärntner Straße. The side front of the Musikverein has the address Karlsplatz 6, the Wien Museum No. 8, the Karlskirche No. 10. The numbering ends with the Evangelical School at No. 14 on the corner of Wiedner Hauptstraße. On the western half of the square, the buildings have the addresses of Treitlstrasse and Friedrichstrasse .
Library of the TU Vienna
TU Vienna , main building
Art and culture at Karlsplatz
In 1982 the artist Margot Pilz Kaorle designed a sandy beach with palm trees by the pond in front of the Karlskirche on Karlsplatz (based on Caorle , Italy).
In 2004, representatives of the municipality of Vienna presented the Karlsplatz Art Square project. Among other things, a redesign of the park with regard to the garden, light and space concept as well as routing, an improvement of the traffic situation for pedestrians and cyclists and the promotion of art projects on Karlsplatz were named as goals.
Following the redesign of the parks and the opening of Rosa Mayreder, Girardi and Esperanto parks in 2006, Wien Holding , a wholly owned subsidiary of the City of Vienna, was commissioned to continue the project. On August 1, 2006 the project group karlsplatz.org , consisting of Gabriela Hegedüs and Christoph Möderndorfer , who have been responsible for the organization of the O-Töne literary festival in the MuseumsQuartier since 2004 , and Peter Melichar , were entrusted with the implementation. By networking the various institutions around the square from the fields of art, culture and education (including the Künstlerhaus, project space of the Kunsthalle, Vienna Museum, Technical University), the square should become a space for cultural exchange and thus despite the difficult traffic Location to be revitalized.
The City of Vienna - and with the support of actress Christiane Hörbiger as UNICEF's Goodwill Ambassador - succeeded in presenting the United Buddy Bears exhibition around the fountain on Karlsplatz in autumn 2006 , before this UN- supported project in Cairo a year later and Jerusalem was shown to the general public.
In the summer of 2008, parallel to the European Football Championship in Austria and Switzerland in 2008 , karlsplatz.org organized the Karlsplatz art zone . On a “lake stage” in the pond in front of the Karlskirche several concerts were held daily, mainly by Austrian musicians from the field of songwriters , the more experimental pop and contemporary Viennese song scenes; on a “tree stage” performances by performance artists. Since 2010, the multi-day Pop Festival has been taking place on Karlsplatz and in the premises of some of the surrounding institutions in summer .
In 2009 the cinema under the stars moved from Augarten to Karlsplatz, which took place for the last time in 2018 after a break in 2017. In 2019 the film festival Kaleidoskop , organized by the CineCollective , starts at Karlsplatz.
see also: Pi (art project)
Drug scene
In Austria itself, the word “Karlsplatz” has become a synonym for an open drug scene. For this reason, the first police- monitored protection zone was created there in accordance with the Security Police Act (SPG).
literature
- Elke Doppler, Christian Rapp , Sándor Békési (eds.): At the pulse of the city. 2000 years Karlsplatz (catalog for the exhibition of the same name at the Wien Museum). Czernin, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-7076-0266-1 .
- The Karlsplatz in Vienna (Magistrate - Urban Planning Business Group; contributions to urban research, urban development and urban design, 8), Vienna 1981.
- The museum building on Karlsplatz (leaflets from the Association for the Protection and Conservation of Art Monuments in Vienna and Lower Austria, 1), Vienna 1910.
Web links
- On the history of Karlsplatz
- Karlsplatz art square
- 1st and 4th, Kunstplatz Karlsplatz - completed building project , archive report of the town hall correspondence
- Karlsplatz / Resselpark
- wien.at - Karlsplatz Art Square (PDF file; 553 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fred Hennings : As long as he lives , Vol. 3: Take my glory and dignity , Herold-Verlag, Vienna 1969, p. 7 ff.
- ↑ News magazine profil , Vienna, No. 8/1972
- ↑ Weekly newspaper Wochenpresse , Vienna, special, April 27, 1977
- ^ Anton Bina: Planned in all eternity , in: Daily newspaper Kurier , Vienna, May 29, 1977
- ↑ orf.at: Resselpark: Memorial for homosexual Nazi victims . Article dated June 10, 2019, accessed June 10, 2019.
- ↑ http://oe1.orf.at/programm/424733 Heinz Janisch: People Images, "Milestones" - The artist Margot Pilz, orf.at, Ö1 Radio, broadcast January 24, 2016, heard January 24, 2016.
- ↑ "Milestones" - From Performative Photography to Digital Field Research. Personal Margot Pilz. November 18, 2015 to March 5, 2016, MUSA - Museum, Startgalerie, Artothek, Vienna, Felderstrasse 6–8 (by the town hall)
- ^ Concept for the "Kunstplatz Karlsplatz" , archive report of the Rathauskorrespondenz dated December 2, 2004
- ↑ karlsplatz.org
- ↑ United Buddy Bears on Karlsplatz 2006
- ↑ orf.at: New summer cinema on Karlsplatz . Article dated June 14, 2019, accessed June 14, 2019.
Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 57 ″ N , 16 ° 22 ′ 12 ″ E