Kashgae language

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Kashgaish

Spoken in

Iran
speaker 923,000
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in -
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

does

ISO 639-3

qxq

The Kashgaic language (own name: Qaşqay dili , Persian قاشقای ديلى, also Qashqai (Qaşqaycə) or Kashkai ) is a Turkic language of the Oghuz branch spoken by around 1.5 million people in Iran , which is often referred to as "Kashgaic Turkish" (Qaşqay Türki) by the language bearer. Also known as alternative names are Qashqa'i, Qashqay, Kashkay and Kaşkay Türkçesi from Turkish Turkology .

Kashgae belongs to the southern group of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages ​​and is related to Azerbaijani , particularly closely to Aynallu and Afshar . ( Ethnologue incorrectly lists Kashgaish (Qashqa'i) in the western group of Oghuz.) The dialectal differentiation of Kashgae within the tribal confederation has not yet been satisfactorily described; the five largest tribes are the Dareh-šûrî, Siš-bolîûkî, Amaleh, Kaškûlîûkî and Fârsî-Madân. None of these individual dialects dominate within the association. Kashgai contains many borrowings from Iranian contact languages, especially from Persian , but also from Kurdish and Lurian . Various verbal categories and most types of subordination are strongly influenced by Persian.

Speaker and area of ​​circulation

In the 1982 census , 200,000 people in Iran gave this language as their mother tongue . The number of speakers is estimated at 923,000 people (2014). The language bearers have been nomads since time immemorial and migrate through southern Iran, especially the province of Fars (the southern part in winter, the northern part in summer).
The Kashgai are usually bilingual; in addition to their mother tongue, they also speak Persian .

Alphabets

Kashgaish is officially considered to be writtenless, although fragmentary written documents are available. Since ancient times these have been written in Arabic letters with the four Persian additional characters. In social media, on the other hand, Kashgai is written almost exclusively in the fingilish (Fenglish) style, that is, following the pattern of the writing of Persian with the letters of the Latin script. The English transcription of the respective letters is used.

literature

  • Éva Ágnes Csató: Present in Kashkay . In: Turkic Languages , Vol. 5, 2001, pp. 104-119.
  • Éva Ágnes Csató: On copying in Kashkay . In: Éva Á. Csató, Bo Isakssons, Carina Jahani (eds.): Linguistic Conversion and areal diffusion: Case studies from Iranian, Semitic and Turkic . Routledge Curzon, London 2005, pp. 271-283.
  • Éva Ágnes Csató: Gunnar Jarring's Kashkay materials . In: Lars Johanson , Christiane Bulut (eds.): Turkic-Iranian contact areas. Historical and linguistic aspect . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006, pp. 209-225.
  • Gerhard Doerfer et al .: Qašqā'ī-poems from Fīrūz-ābād (= Southoghusian) . In: Oghusica from Iran . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1990, pp. 67-132.
  • Sohrab Dolatkhah, Éva Á. Csató, Birsel Karakoç: On the marker - (y) akï in Kashkay . In: Éva Á. Csató, Lars Johanson, András Róna-Tas, Bo Utas (eds.): Turks and Iranians: Interactions in Language and History . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2016, pp. 283–301.
  • Sohrab Dolatkhah: Parlons qashqay "Let's speak Qashqay" . L'Harmattan, Paris 2016.
  • Sohrab Dolatkhah: Qashqay Folktales: transcription, translation, glossary. CreateSpace Independent publishing platform, Charleston SC 2015.
  • Sohrab Dolatkhah: Elements for a grammar of Kashkay: a Turkic language of Iran. Dissertation, École pratique des hautes études , Paris 2012.
  • Sohrab Dolatkhah: Présentation et documentation du folklore qashqai: langue turcique du sud d'Iran . Master's thesis, École pratique des hautes études, Paris 2007.
  • Mehdi Gharakhalou-Narrei: Migration and cultural change in urban communities of the Qashqa'i of Iran . Dissertation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa 1996.
  • Jurie Étienne: Qashqa'i: derniers nomades d'Iran . Voyages Zellidja, Paris 2005.
  • Mardâni R. Assadollâh: Asanaklar: Tarânehâye torkiye qašqâ'ī “Qashqai folksongs” [in Perso-Arabic script]. Nakhlhâ-ye Sorkh Publishers, Iran 2000.
  • Mardâni R. Assadollâh: Qašqayı sözlügü [Qashqai Dictionary]. [in Azerbaijani and Perso-Arabic script with explications in Persian]. Rahgosha Publishers, Shiraz 2007.
  • Karl Heinrich Menges : Three Qašqā'ī text . In: Gerhard Doerfer et al. (eds.), 1990, pp. 135-138.
  • Shahbâzi, Habib. (ed.): Qašqâ'ï še'ri [Qashqai poetry] [in Perso-Arabic script]. Shahbazi, Shiraz 1989/1368 AH
  • John David Soper: Loan Syntax in Turkic and Iranian: The Verb Systems of Tajik, Uzbek, and Qashqay . Dissertation, University of California , Los Angeles 1987.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ethnologue
  2. ^ Lars Johanson, Éva Csató: The Turkic languages . P. 82
  3. ↑ Sohrab Dolatkhah: The Kashkay People, Past and Present . 2010 (english)
  4. ↑ Information on ethnologue.com
  5. ^ Christian Gabriel-Junk: Styled written Vernacular - Sociolinguistic Variation of Kashkay and Turkish in Public Discourse on Social Network Sites . Unpublished dissertation. Mainz 2016