Kasimir Gavrilowitsch Tschernowski

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Kasimir Gawrilowitsch Tschernowski (Tscharnowski) ( Russian Казимир Гаврилович Черновский (Чарновский) ; * 1791 on the estate Korytniza, Ujesd Igumen , † November 8 jul. / 20th November  1847 greg. In Sarapul ) was a Polish - Russian revolutionaries , inventors and one of the first authors of a submarine project.

Life

Chernovsky, the son of an impoverished noble landlord , received a good home education, mastered French , had been abroad and was interested in shipbuilding , shipping and construction . He campaigned for the independence of Poland and fought as Porutschik in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw during the Franco-Russian War in 1812 . He married the daughter of a wealthy Warsaw merchant and had a son.

In 1824 Chernovsky left his family and went to St. Petersburg . In 1826 he began studying at the Medical and Surgical Academy . In his spare time he worked on a submarine project and was revolutionary. Due to a denunciation he was arrested in 1829 for belonging to a revolutionary society, interrogated by the police chief Alexander von Benckendorff and detained in the Peter and Paul Fortress .

To be released, Tschernowski wrote a letter directly to Nikolaus I in July 1829 , in which he presented his submarine project and promised to produce a functioning submarine within 40 days if money, material and labor were approved Pearl fishing in the Gulf of Finland or could be used for military purposes. Nicholas I was interested and asked for a draft, which Chernovsky delivered in three weeks. Pierre-Dominique Bazaine examined the project, found deficiencies, in particular the lack of a periscope, and pointed out the lack of technical training on the part of the author. The further development of the project was recommended. However, Chernovsky's prison conditions were tightened so that he was not even given writing materials. With difficulty he finally got new writing material, so that in 1832 he was able to send a new proposal of 62 pages to Bazaine. Despite the lack of resources, the proposal was very thorough and detailed. Chernovsky envisaged a streamlined, all-metal hull with an underwater rudder drive and oxygen tanks . For the armament he designed sea ​​mines with chemical detonators . He provided shock absorbers for the dives. He also invented a diving suit . Bazaine now felt the project was not yet sufficiently qualified to pursue the project.

In 1834 Chernovsky was released from prison and exiled to Arkhangelsk . He worked in the governorate making preparations for an uprising. He made connections with exiles and sailors and intended to procure ships and equipment. After being denounced, he was exiled to Sarapul in 1839.

The first Russian all-metal submarine was built and tested by Karl Andrejewitsch Schilder in 1834 . It is believed that Schilder knew about the Chernovsky's submarine project and adopted some of Chernovsky's ideas.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Биографический справочник, т. 5 . Издательство "Белорусская советская энциклопедия" имени Петруся Бровки, Minsk 1982.
  2. ↑ a b c Республиканская научно-техническая библиотека: Чарновский Казимир Гаврилович (accessed July 10, 2018).
  3. ↑ a b Николай СТАРОДЫМОВ: СУБМАРИНА ИЗ КАЗЕМАТА (accessed July 10, 2018).
  4. ↑ Проект подводной лодки К. Черновского (accessed July 10, 2018).
  5. ↑ Биографический справочник, т. 5 . Издательство "Белорусская советская энциклопедия" имени Петруся Бровки, Minsk 1982.
  6. ↑ Виктор Гаврыш: Наши капитаны Немо (accessed July 7, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Chernovsky, Kazimir Gavrilowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tscharnowski, Kasimir Gavrilowitsch; Черновский, Казимир Гаврилович (Russian); Чарновский, Казимир Гаврилович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish-Russian revolutionary and inventor of a submarine
DATE OF BIRTH 1791
PLACE OF BIRTH Korytnitsa, Ujesd Igumen
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1847
Place of death Sarapul