sweeper

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Large sweeper for cleaning tram tracks
Small sweeper for pavement cleaning
Sidewalk cleaner
Street cleaning in Beijing

A sweeper is a piece of work equipment for picking up debris. It is either a truck - chassis built or grown as an attachment to municipal or construction vehicles. Attachable sweepers work with a mechanical dirt pick-up, also known as the "dustpan principle".

construction

Self-propelled sweeper

The main body of the sweeper consists of a dirt container that collects the debris. A separate diesel engine is installed under the dirt container , which drives the fan (suction fan) mechanically or hydraulically. This fan creates a negative pressure in the dirt container and sucks the debris into the dirt container like a vacuum cleaner .

Rotary broom in operation (Herten in Westphalia, 2011)

The rotary brooms are generally located on the right side of the vehicle and under the vehicle. Large, self-supporting sweepers have a so-called circular broom on the side that transports the debris from the gutter to the suction shaft. In addition, a so-called roller brush can also be attached. This is located in the middle under the vehicle and sweeps the debris from the middle of the road to the suction shaft.

Typically, a large sweeper is a right-hand drive vehicle so the driver can clean the gully more precisely.

However, there are various methods of collecting the debris. There are basically three categories:

  1. mechanical recording,
  2. Absorption by suction,
  3. Combination of suction and mechanics.

With the purely mechanical pick-up, the debris is thrown by a roller brush onto a conveyor belt, which then guides the material into a container. This is comparable to manual picking up through the dustpan . This process was replaced by suction and is now only found in a similar form in hand sweepers.

The intake with a pure suction works as described above.

The combination of suction and a mechanical recording is a relatively new and unknown principle. Roughly described, the coarse debris is picked up by a rotating roller brush, which throws the material onto a conveyor belt and transports it into the debris container. The fine material (dust) is picked up by one or more suction fans.

Sweepers fall under the definition in Annex I number 46 of the European "Outdoor Directive" 2000/14 / EC, Annex III of this directive describes noise measurement. Use in residential areas before 7 a.m. is not permitted. Before this, many municipalities sweep on main roads and in commercial areas.

Hand sweeper

Hand sweeper from below
Motor broom

A mostly small, muscle-powered sweeper (also known as a sweeper or carpet sweeper ) that is almost exclusively equipped with the purely mechanical pick-up system. You work with four different sweeping systems:

  1. The single roller sweepers are the origin of the hand sweepers. With these devices, the dirt is picked up with a round brush and a dustpan-like rubber lip. With this type of machine, the dirt container is located in front of the main brush. The maximum size of the debris is limited by the container and the rubber lip.
  2. With double-roller devices, the debris is picked up by two counter-rotating sweeping rollers. With these sweepers, the second roller brush takes on the task of picking up the dirt and hurling it into the collecting container. By dispensing with the rubber lip, larger debris can also be picked up with such devices. However, these devices only sweep with a brush.
  3. A roller brush was deliberately omitted from the circular brush sweeper. With these devices, the dirt is picked up by two counter-rotating disc brushes. The plate brushes cut under the debris and push it over a plate into the container with little dust. This ensures that, in addition to the usual road dirt, wet and dry leaves or even coarse and heavy debris are picked up. The disc brushes protruding on both sides enable sweeping left and right close to the edge.
  4. The turbo sweepers work with a combination of disc brushes and roller brooms. The dirt is swept twice. First the dirt is swept up by the circular broom and then transported into the container by the rotary brush. At the same time, the roller brush picks up the fine dirt a second time. With just one pass, everything from the finest sand to the beverage can is picked up. The overhead principle of the main brush ensures that the container is optimally filled.

Filter sweepers

Filter sweepers are equipped with a high suction power, which, due to the spatial freedom of construction, have a special, dry-working filter installed in the suction air flow to retain fine dust while ensuring good waste collection capacities. A compact filter is used, which is individually designed for the delivery rate of the fan in the sweeping structure. The filter is mounted in the upper rear area of ​​the hopper and is equipped with an automatic pneumatic cleaning device, which technically guarantees continuous, periodic cleaning of the filter elements using the counterflow principle. The filter elements are insensitive to moisture and the substances contained in the garbage. The particles separated by the filter are deposited directly into the waste container and disposed of with the waste.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32000L0014&from=DE
  2. ↑ 32nd BImSchV (Noise Protection Ordinance) https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bimschv_32
  3. ↑ Representation of the sweeping principle of a hand sweeper. Haaga GmbH, accessed on October 27, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Street Sweepers  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Sweeper  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

See also