Nuclear energy in Sweden

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Nuclear power plants in Sweden:
Red pog.svg In operation shut down
Purple pog.svg 

Currently (as of December 2017) eight reactor units with a gross installed capacity of 8,545 MW are operated at three locations in Sweden . The first commercially used reactor block went into operation in 1971. Nuclear energy contributed over 40% of total electricity generation in Sweden in 2018.

history

In Sweden, the Ågesta reactor block was the first to go into operation on May 1, 1964. With its four reactor blocks and an installed gross output of 3,697 MW, the Ringhals nuclear power plant is the most powerful. The Forsmark 3 reactor block is the most powerful with a gross output of 1,212 MW.

After the partial meltdown of the US nuclear power plant Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, Sweden held a referendum on the future of nuclear energy in March 1980. With 58.1 percent, the voters spoke in favor of a further limited expansion of nuclear power plants. As a result, the Swedish Parliament decided in 1980 that no further nuclear power plants should be built. The six reactors under construction at the time were nevertheless completed. The nuclear phase-out should be completed by 2000. This deadline was extended to 2010 and abolished entirely in 2009.

After the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, the risks of nuclear energy were discussed again. In 1997, the Swedish Reichstag decided to shut down one of the two reactors of the Barsebäck nuclear power plant by July 1, 1998 and the second before July 1, 2001, provided that energy production is balanced by then. Unit 1 in the Barsebäck nuclear power plant was shut down on November 30, 1999 and Unit 2 followed on June 1, 2005.

In 1998 the government decided not to build any more hydropower plants to protect the domestic water resources.

The exit from nuclear energy continues to be a controversial issue in Sweden. When the conservative government under Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt took office in 2006, it tried to cancel the exit, but initially had to abandon it after protests.

On February 5, 2009, the government then passed an energy program which, in addition to the massive expansion of wind energy and a reduction in overall energy consumption, should again allow the construction of new nuclear power plants. New reactors may only be built as a replacement for decommissioned power plants at existing locations. Contrary to what has been reported in some German media, there are no concrete new construction plans. With the program, the government also excluded state support for the construction of new nuclear power plants. On June 17, 2010, the Swedish Parliament confirmed the decision.

In June 2014, Sweden announced an increase in the fee payable by nuclear power plant operators for the final disposal of nuclear waste . According to the plans, this should increase by 73%. The background to this is that the costs for final disposal have been significantly underestimated so far. Since October 2014, the country has been governed by a coalition of the Swedish Social Democratic Labor Party and the Environment Party / The Greens . Although this party has not yet politically reintroduced the nuclear phase-out, the so-called "effect tax", which taxes nuclear reactors according to their theoretical and not their actual capacity, has been increased by a sixth. After the largest Swedish electricity providers Vattenfall and e.On announced a market-related shutdown of four reactors at the Oskarshamn and Ringhals sites by 2020, it looked as if the signs in Sweden were again pointing to nuclear phase-out. In 2016, however, the same coalition government decided to abolish the effects tax in 2019 and to replace up to ten old reactors with new ones.

On June 17, 2017, the operator of the Oskarshamn nuclear power plant shut down Block 1 of the plant and announced on June 19, 2017 that the reactor block would be permanently shut down.

List of nuclear power plants in Sweden

In 2011, nuclear energy accounted for 40 percent of total electricity generation in Sweden; According to the IAEA, the proportion is currently 40.33% (as of December 2019).

List of nuclear power plants in Sweden (source: IAEA, as of December 2019)
Surname block
 Reactor type model status Net
power
in MW
 Gross
power
in MW
 start of building First network
synchronization 		Commercial
operation
(planned)
 Switching off
processing
(planned)
 Feed-
in in TWh
Ågesta 1 PHWR - Shut down 10 12 1957-12-01 December 01, 1957 1964-05-01 05/01/1964 1964-05-01 05/01/1964 1974-06-02 06/02/1974 0.40
Barsebäck 1 BWR AA-II Shut down 600 615 1971-02-01 02/01/1971 1975-05-15 05/15/1975 1975-07-01 07/01/1975 1999-11-30 11/30/1999 93.82
2 BWR AA-II Shut down 600 615 1973-01-01 01/01/1973 1977-03-21 03/21/1977 1977-07-01 07/01/1977 2005-05-31 05/31/2005 108.04
Forsmark 1 BWR AA-III, BWR-2500 In operation 986 1022 1973-06-01 06/01/1973 1980-06-06 06/06/1980 1980-12-10 December 10, 1980 - 266.40
2 BWR AA-III, BWR-2500 In operation 1116 1156 1975-01-01 01/01/1975 1981-01-26 01/26/1981 1981-07-07 07/07/1981 - 260.78
3 BWR AA-IV, BWR-3000 In operation 1159 1195 1979-01-01 01/01/1979 1985-03-05 05.03.1985 1985-08-18 08/18/1985 - 284.05
Oskarshamn 1 BWR AA-I Shut down 473 492 1966-08-01 08/01/1966 1971-08-19 August 19, 1971 1972-02-06 02/06/1972 2017-06-19 06/19/2017 110.27
2 BWR AA-II Shut down 638 661 1969-09-01 09/01/1969 1974-10-02 10/02/1974 1975-01-01 01/01/1975 2016-12-22 12/22/2016 154.00
3 BWR AA-IV, BWR-3000 In operation 1400 1450 1980-05-01 05/01/1980 1985-03-03 03.03.1985 1985-08-15 08/15/1985 - 276.07
Ring neck 1 BWR AA-I In operation 881 910 1969-02-01 02/01/1969 1974-10-14 10/14/1974 1976-01-01 01/01/1976 (2020) 209.66
2 PWR WH 3LP Shut down 907 963 1970-10-01 10/01/1970 1974-08-17 08/17/1974 1975-05-01 05/01/1975 12/30/2019 211.01
3 PWR WH 3LP In operation 1062 1117 1972-09-01 09/01/1972 1980-09-07 07.09.1980 1981-09-09 09/09/1981 - 244.28
4th PWR WH 3LP In operation 1102 1171 1973-11-01 11/01/1973 1982-06-23 06/23/1982 1983-11-21 11/21/1983 - 235.75

Forsmark repository

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Contribution of nuclear power to electricity generation in the EU by country in 2018. Accessed on July 31, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Der Spiegel - turning point in energy policy - Sweden is building nuclear power plants again (accessed on February 5, 2009)
  3. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung - Sweden builds new nuclear power plants - The exit from exit (accessed on February 5, 2009)
  4. ↑ A sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability. Government of Sweden position paper, February 6, 2009.
  5. ↑ http://www.dn.se/nyheter/valet-2010/riksdagen-rostade-ja-till-ny-karnkraft Article in the Swedish daily DN on the law, accessed on May 10, 2011
  6. ↑ Sweden withdraws from nuclear phase-out. on: Spiegel Online. June 17, 2010.
  7. ↑ Sweden plans big rise in fees to nuclear decommissioning fund . In: The Economic Times . June 27, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  8. ↑ Tagesschau from June 10, 2016 - Sweden wants nuclear energy again
  9. ↑ http://www.nuklearforum.ch/de/aktuell/e-bulletin/schweden-oskarshamn-1-stell-betrieb-endgueltig-ein Oskarshamn-1 finally ceases operations, Nuklearforum Schweiz, June 23, 2017, access: June 26, 2017
  10. ↑ Nuclear Energy World Report 2011 (PDF 0.5 MB) atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power, p. 273 , accessed on December 6, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Sweden. IAEA , accessed December 9, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Avveckling av Ringhals 1 och 2 Vattenfall Homepage (Swedish)
  13. ↑ Vattenfall: Ringhals nuclear power plant, accessed on December 20, 2019