Caldern Monastery

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Caldern Monastery
Convent building of the former monastery in its current use as an agricultural barn. Marked on the following plan as object no. 8
Convent building of the former monastery in its current use as an agricultural barn. Marked on the following plan as object no. 8
location GermanyGermany Germany
Hessen
Lies in the diocese Archbishopric of Mainz, Archdeaconate of Mainz, St. Stephan
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 '40.3 "  N , 8 ° 39' 47.8"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 50 '40.3 "  N , 8 ° 39' 47.8"  E
Patronage St. Nicholas
founding year between 1238 and 1250 by Cistercian women
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1527

Daughter monasteries

no

The monastery Caldern (sometimes Kaldern) is a former monastery of Cistercian nuns , the 1238-1250 in Caldern , a district of central Hessian community Lahntal , founded and was canceled 1527th

Site plan of the former monastery from 1722. Created when the estate was part of the University of Gießen. The plan shows next to the building stock u. a. the "University Forest" east of the facility and the "University Forest" south of Kernbach. Tradition: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg , plans P II 17198
Nikolaikirche seen from the former cloister courtyard
Former passage between the western transverse wing and the cemetery
Manor in 2012

history

founding

The circumstances of the establishment and the founders are unknown, but the founding time of the Cistercian monastery in Caldern is between 1238 and 1250. This can be learned from the first documentary mention of 1250, which has been handed down as a copy from 1373. Landgravine Sophie von Thuringia donated her Calderner Nikolaikapelle to the monastery and placed it under her protection. The chapel , a late Romanesque complex with a high defense tower , became the monastery church. In 1251 the apostolic legate confirmed the landgrave's donation of the patronage rights of the Church of Caldern to the monastery. On May 31, 1286, Landgrave Heinrich approved the relocation of the court and the market square, the dance floor and the tavern, which were perceived as a disruption to the monastery.

development

In the years that followed, the monastery also enjoyed support from the landgraves. So two forests near Brungershausen were given to him and the goods near Caldern and Brungershausen were exempted from all taxes by the landgraves and the bishop of Münster . This gave the monastery immunity rights, which was an expression of the landgrave's territorial policy at the time.

resolution

Since the middle of the 14th century, a sustained economic decline became noticeable, resulting in a loss of individual important income. A tax exemption that Landgrave Heinrich II granted the monastery in 1370 can therefore be interpreted as an attempt to counteract the decline of the monastery. In the time of the Reformation , the restriction of the monastic production of cloth and the refusal to pay taxes were a hard blow for the monastery.

As part of the Reformation, the monastery was finally dissolved by Landgrave Philipp in 1527 . At that time the monastery housed 41 nuns, 15 of whom were lay sisters . The Nikolaikirche became a parish church again . Philip I transferred the income and property of the monastery in 1533 to the two infirmaries in Marburg and in 1540 to the University of Marburg . In 1650 this fortune came to the University of Giessen . In 1767 this property was transferred back by the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel by releasing the University of Marburg.

administration

The abbess was responsible for external representation. Between 1220 and 1228 the General Chapter of the Cistercians refused to accept further women's monasteries in the order, so that the Caldernder monastery was not assigned to a specific monastery, but was subordinate to the diocese and was not incorporated.

Economy and property

The Cistercian women promoted the expansion of their territories through the targeted acquisition of goods and rights in key areas of their manorial rule, especially between 1250 and 1350, and received donations. Thus in 1268 the monastery property, which it had acquired from landgrave servants in and around Caldern at the time of Abbess Gertrud, was forever freed from all services to which those self-owned were obliged.

This property was mainly used for self-sufficiency, which was based on self-management. The livelihoods of the monastery were mainly meadows, fields, gardens with trees and herbs, barns, stables, forests, pond farming and five mills that belonged to the monastery in the vicinity. The whole thing was managed by nuns and conversational sisters , but also employed maids, servants, day laborers and beneficiaries as well as employees in a wide variety of positions. The monastery property that was not directly used was leased.

In addition to agriculture, there is linen and woolen cloth production, with which the Caldern Monastery and Georgenberg Monastery played a dominant role in the region. The monasteries also had trading privileges. In 1525, the Caldern cloth production was limited so that the nuns were only allowed to make cloths from wool and linen for their own use. The monastery had municipal property in the form of houses and gardens in the cities of Marburg , Wetter , Biedenkopf and Herborn , which had come into its possession through purchase or gifts. In addition, the von Caldern nuns ran a meat pork in the city of Marburg , whose proceeds went to the monastery. The monastery also carried out monetary transactions: it received gifts of money and lent money, even if the latter contradicted the rule of the order .

Groves to Caldern

The university forests in the east stretched as far as Michelbach . From 1742 there is an instruction to the forester von Caldern , in which his tasks for the area, which until 1526 belonged to the Landgrave University of Giessen, are listed in 17 points. The final instructions were preceded by several drafts, which, however, have not yet been transcribed or published and are kept in the archive of the Philipps University of Marburg , housed in the Marburg State Archives . The forests are still owned by the Philipps University of Marburg today.

today

Remains of the former monastery wall

On the eastern slope of the former monastery grounds, remains of the monastery walls can be found, which have been restored. The monastery church is also still standing. A monastery garden that is laid out on the former cloister is called the “gate to paradise”. The Calderner Heimatmuseum shows an exhibition on the Caldern Cistercian convent.

literature

  • Johannes Burkardt: Article Caldern, in: Friedhelm Juergensmeier, Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (ed.): The monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia (= Germania Bendictina 4) . St. Ottilien 2011, p. 325-332 . (with extensive bibliography and evidence of archival records)
  • Wilhelm Dersch: Hessisches Klosterbuch: Source studies on the history of the founders, monasteries and branches of religious cooperatives founded in the administrative district of Kassel, in the district of Grafschaft Schaumburg, in the province of Upper Hesse and the district of Biedenkopf. 2nd edition, Marburg 1940.
  • Eckhart G. Franz : The Hessian monasteries and their convents in the Reformation . In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte . tape 19 , 1969, p. 147-233 .
  • Eckhart G. Franz: The Hessian monasteries in the Reformation . In: sheets for German national history . tape 109 , 1973, pp. 259-264 .
  • Local history and history association Lahntal e. V. (Ed.): Festschrift on the occasion of the first mention of the Nikolai Church in Caldern according to the document dated October 9, 1235 . Lahntal-Caldern 1985.
  • Walter Heinemeyer: On the foundation of the "universale studium Marpurgense" . In: Walter Heinemeyer et al. (Ed.): Acedemia Marburgensi. Contributions to the history of the Philipps University of Marburg . Marburg 1977, p. 49-92 .
  • Walter Heinemeyer (Ed.): Study and scholarship. Studies on the history of the Hessian scholarship system (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 37) . Marburg 1977.
  • Local history and history association Lahntal e. V. (Ed.): Ora et labora. 750 years of Caldern Monastery . A nuns' abbey of the Cistercian order 1250–1527 . Lahntal-Caldern 2000, ISBN 3-00-005188-0 .
  • Heinz Loth, Friedrich Karl Azzola, local history and history association Lahntal: Ora et labora: 750 years of Caldern monastery: a nuns' abbey of the Cistercian order; 1250-1527 . Local history and history association Lahntal, Lahntal-Caldern 2000, ISBN 3-00-005188-0 .
  • Heinz Loth: My Caldern between Rimberg, Lahn and Franzosenbrücke . Burgwald, Cölbe-Schönstadt 2007, ISBN 978-3-936291-38-4 .
  • Heinz Loth: Church leaflet 2012, 775 years church caldern, Porta patet - the door is open . 7th edition. Caldern 2012.
  • Ludwig Lotzenius: History of the Hessian offices Battenberg and weather. Arranged by Matthias Seim. Battenberg history association in conjunction with the Wetter history association, Battenberg 2013.
  • Ursula van Meter: The Cistercian Convent in Lahntal-Caldern , Master's thesis, Frankfurt am Main 1990
  • Friedrich Schunder (arr.): Monastery archives. Third volume: The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and certificates. 1st volume (Caldern monasteries, Georgenberg near Frankenberg, Hachborn and Johanniterhaus Wiesenfeld) (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse, 9.3) . 1961.
  • Gerhard Seib: Art history studies on the former Cistercian convent in Caldern , in: Hessische Heimat - Vol. NF 17 . 1967, p. 120-126 .
  • Christina Vanja : Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian convent Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages [Dissertation 1983.] Darmstadt and Marburg 1984, ISBN 3-88443-133-1 .

Web links

Commons : Kloster Caldern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E.g. in Dersch
  2. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, reference in Arcinsys Hessen, search for "Kloster Caldern", → "Maps, plans and drawings" The Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg keeps other relevant medieval documents and maps. The HStAM inventory document 17 is particularly relevant here . The archive materials can be viewed in the reading room of the building during the corresponding opening times
  3. ↑ Donation of the Caldern Chapel to the Caldern Monastery. Regesta of the Landgraves of Hesse (as of September 12, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 19, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Christina Vanja : Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Dissertation 1983. Darmstadt and Marburg 1984, p. 19.
  5. ↑ Court of Justice in Caldern. Jurisdictions in Hesse (as of September 12, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 7, 2012 .
  6. ↑ Landgrave Heinrich exempts the Caldern monastery from taxes. Regesta of the Landgraves of Hesse (as of October 12, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 19, 2012 .
  7. ↑ a b c Johannes Burkardt: Article Caldern, in: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier, Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (Ed.): The monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia (= Germania Bendictina 4) . St. Ottilien 2011, p. 325-332 .
  8. ↑ Handbook of Historic Places in Germany, Hesse, 3rd revised edition, p. 75
  9. ^ Cistercian convent Caldern, community Lahntal, community Lahntal. Monasteries (as of November 4, 2010). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 20, 2012 .
  10. ↑ a b possessions and rights of the monastery of Caldern (2000) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cgi-host.uni-marburg.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , taken from: Christina Vanja : Property, Economic and Social History of the Cistercian Monastery of Caldern (ora et labora. 750 years of Caldern Monastery). P. 206
  11. ↑ Digital edition