St. Märgen Monastery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Märgen Monastery
medal Augustinian Canons
founding year around 1118
Cancellation / year 1806
Patronage Assumption of Mary (Church)
location
country Germany
region Baden-Württemberg
place St. Märgen in the Black Forest
Geographical location 48 ° 0 '  N , 8 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '22.3 "  N , 8 ° 5' 31.7"  E
St. Märgen Monastery (Baden-Württemberg)
St. Märgen Monastery
St. Märgen Monastery
Location in Baden-Württemberg

The St. Märgen Monastery is a former Augustinian canon monastery in St. Märgen in the Black Forest , which was founded around 1118 under the name Cella Sanctae Mariae . The German form of the name, "Maria-Zell", changed over the centuries via Marienzell , Sante Merien and St. Mergen to today's monastery and place name St. Märgen . The baroque cathedral of the Assumption is now Catholic parish church of St. Margen and one of the most important Marien - sanctuaries of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg .

Church historian Wolfgang Müller (1905–1983), priest and art historian Manfred Hermann , teacher and historian Elisabeth Irtenkauf (* 1931 in Rottweil ) and St. Märgener sacristan and local researcher Klaus Hog (* 1966 in Freiburg ) have the history of the monastery in particular im Breisgau ).

The monastery was destroyed by fire five times, the first time in 1284 or shortly before, the last time in 1907. It was restored or rebuilt five times.

It has a special place in art history because one of the most important Rococo carvers in southern Germany, Matthias Faller , lived and worked here at times.

Monastery history

founding

The year the monastery was founded is unknown. A document from 1121, in which border disputes between St. Märgen and St. Peter's Monastery in the Black Forest are settled, gives a terminus ante quem . The founder was the Strasbourg canon Bruno von Haigerloch-Wiesneck († between 1126 and 1128), later Chancellor of Emperor Heinrich V. He signed alongside the Vogt of St. Peter Berthold III. von Zähringen and the Bishop of Constance Ulrich I. von Kyburg-Dillingen the 1121 document. At that time, St. Märgen must have existed for a number of years. With its 850th anniversary in 1968, the place took up the assumption that it was founded in 1118. In addition to ecclesiastical motives, political motives were behind the foundation, in particular the competition between the Haigerloch-Wiesnecker and the dukes of Zähringen for supremacy in the Breisgau and Black Forest. The Haigerloch-Wiesneckers were bailiffs of the St. Gallen estates in the Zartener Becken around 1110 and owned Wiesneck Castle on a hill between the Wagensteig valley and the Unteribental . St. Märgen in the source area of ​​the Wagensteigbach and the Ibenbach helped secure the important Black Forest crossing from the Zartener basin through the Wagensteig. The Zähringer moved their house monastery from Weilheim unter Teck to St. Peter in the Black Forest in 1093 and destroyed Wiesneck Castle in 1121; it was soon rebuilt.

Bruno von Haigerloch-Wiesneck settled the monastery thanks to the mediation of Bishop Richwin of Toul with canons from the monastery of St. Leo in Toul , who were soon replaced by Germans. According to tradition, the Lorraine canons brought with them the miraculous image around which a pilgrimage developed and which is venerated in the pilgrimage and parish church to this day.

Bishop Ulrich I of Kyburg-Dillingen, himself an Augustinian canon, founded the Augustinian canons of St. Ulrich and Afra Kreuzlingen in 1125 in today's town of Kreuzlingen , Canton Thurgau , which became important for the history of St. Märgens.

The canons return to their monastery around 1322. Painting by Franz Ludwig Hermann around 1752.

Possessions

The property of the monastery primarily included cleared land in the vicinity. It was soon necessary to distinguish between St. Peter and St. Gallen. The parish positions in St. Märgen, Hüfingen , Wyhl , Scherzingen and Haslach (Freiburg im Breisgau) were occupied by the monastery . Haslach was lost during the Reformation, but the parish of Zähringen (Freiburg im Breisgau) was donated in 1615 . In addition, the monastery had citizenship in Endingen , Villingen and Freiburg.

Vögte and the first two fire disasters

The papal assurance of free choice of bailiff remained theory. When Count Wetzel I. von Haigerloch-Wiesneck, a nephew of the founder Bruno, left Wiesneck Castle in 1133, the related Counts von Hohenberg took over the bailiwick. From them it came in 1293 to the Freiburg knight Burkard Thurner, around 1316 to the Schnewlin , 1372 to the Blumeneck and 1452 back to the Schnewlin. The constant quarrel with the bailiffs drew the monastery seriously throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. Three abbots suffered a violent death, namely Konrad III, who was slain by a knight of Schnewlin at Ebnet in 1355 , Berthold Schultheiß, who was murdered by his own conventuals in 1385, and Johannes II Schlegele, who was killed by the Blumenecker near Merdingen in 1401 .

St. Märgen has been hit by five fire disasters in the course of its history. How quickly and to what extent was rebuilt depending on the needs and resources. The church and, when the convent was in exile in Freiburg, a house for the pastor were urgent. The first fire occurred in 1284 or shortly before. Probably it was rebuilt immediately.

"Alle Hayligen" (9) between "S. Niclaus Pfarrkirchen ”(2) and“ Christoffel Thor ”(39) on the Freiburg city map by Gregorius Sickinger 1589.

Around 1322 - the Schnewlin had just become bailiffs - St. Märgen went through such a severe crisis that the abbot of St. Peter Gottfried von Lötschibach reported it to the Pope. The convent had left the monastery with the ornaments and worship books and had been begging for two years. The church, refectory , dormitory , cellar and other houses would be unlocked. As in Holy Week , the altars have been cleared, transportable images of saints have disappeared, the church is empty like a profane room. “The guardian bailiff had become a bailiff of prey”. The return of the canons a little later is shown in a portrait of Abbot Gottfried in St. Peter from 1752 or 1753, with the oldest view of the St. Märgen Monastery - largely based on fantasy.

In 1370, the St. Märgen Convent and the canons of the Augustinian Canons of All Saints, founded in 1302 in the suburb of Neuburg of Freiburg im Breisgau, decided to form a union because of mutual poverty. The abbot of St. Märgen, Werner von Weisweil, resigned, was the new abbot and at the same time provost of Allerheiligen in Freiburg, and Berthold Schultheiss, murdered in 1385, became.

Memorial plaque to the fire of 1430 inside next to the entrance to the church.

The monastery fell victim to the flames for the second time in 1430. This fire, together with the incessant dispute with the bailiffs, led to the fact that the convent under the fourth abbot after the fire of John VI. Fähr († 1474) on April 29, 1462 sold all of his possessions in the Black Forest, in the Wagensteig Valley and in the Zartener Basin, except for St. Märgener Church and the tithe for 4800  florins to the city of Freiburg, which also took over the bailiwick in 1463. The few canons moved to their Allerheiligen provost's office, which left the property west of the Black Forest. For decades, Holy Mass was celebrated only irregularly in St. Märgen .

Exile in Freiburg

The successor to Abbot John VI. Fähr, Erhart Rotenkopf from Rottweil († 1502), succeeded in buying back some rights from Freiburg and in 1493, 63 years after the fire, in restoring the church. He also attempted internal reforms, but failed because of his conventuals and resistance from St. Ulrich and Afra Kreuzlingen. After the Allerheiligen monastery in Freiburg, with the exception of the church, was burned in 1518, the situation became increasingly poor. In 1546, Abbot Gregor von Kreuzlingen decreed that the heads of Allerheiligen and St. Märgen would no longer be abbots, but administrators . The first was Mattheus Haber or Haberkalt († before 1556). Under his successor Heinrich von Jestetten († 1573) the monastery was destroyed by fire for the third time in 1560 "ex incuria et negligentia familiae Parochi" - "because of the carelessness and carelessness of the vicarage servants". Only from 1578 began under the administrator - from 1583 he was allowed to call himself "Provost" - Ulrich Stehelin from Hagnau am Bodensee († 1611) the reconstruction.

Andreas Dilger 1721.
Detail of Dilger's portrait with his ideal of his monastery.

The Thirty Years War also ravaged the Breisgau. When Provost Jakob Geiger from Langenargen died in 1635, the convent only had three members. They elected one of their own, Konrad Henny, as provost, but he fled to Austria in 1638 and did not return. Because All Saints' Day was close to the city wall, it was blown up in 1644 so as not to give attackers a shelter. The fact that the church was spared was attributed to the miraculous image of grace. When Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban built Freiburg into a (French) fortress on the orders of Louis XIV from 1678, All Saints' Day was finally razed to the ground. The miraculous image was housed in the monastery of the Augustinian hermits. Despite the desperate situation, provosts Adam Schmid from Freiburg († 1698), Melchior Knoll from Türkheim in Alsace († 1699) and Dominik Simonis († 1713) from Freiburg tried to rescue them. They purchased a plot of land in Freiburg on which a new Augustinian canon monastery was built, on the site of today's Archbishop's Ordinariate . In addition, the repurchase of the St. Märgener Meierhof succeeded, the management of which promised some profit. Provost Adam Schmid made a special contribution to the compilation of a St. Märgen chronicle. Chronicle, diary and register of the possessions of St. Märgen and Allerheiligen , today in the General State Archives Karlsruhe .

As with the election of Provost Konrad Henny in 1635, when Provost Dominik Simonis was elected in 1699, the number of conventuals was only three. Therefore, the abbot of Kreuzlingen put his own conventual Andreas Dilger (* 1665 in Bermatingen ; † 1736 in St. Märgen) at his side. In 1704, numerous farms in the St. Märgens area were burned down by soldiers during the War of the Spanish Succession . The church and parsonage also went up in flames, but again “ex incuria” - “because of the lack of caution” of a pastor's maid. The city of Freiburg made its St. Märgener “Herrenhäuschen” available as an emergency church. After Dominik Simonis died on December 9th, 1713, Andreas Dilger was elected the new provost of All Saints and St. Märgen on December 22nd. On the one hand, he completed the new building of Allerheiligen in Freiburg, which was consecrated in 1717, and, on the other hand, rebuilt the St. Märgen Monastery. "It is astonishing that - in order to save his monastery at all - he first built a real, albeit modest, monastery in Freiburg in quick succession and immediately afterwards began an extensive church and monastery building in St. Märgen." Late 1715 or early 1716 started work in St. Märgen. On October 10, 1723 miraculous image returned back into the church, on 28 and 29 April 1725, the church was consecrated on 2 and 3 September 1729 in relation Dilger and the Convention its new premises, and on the feast Nativity of Mary , the September 8, 1729, for the first time in 270 years, the canons held a solemn convent office in their church. “This made the church a monastery church again,” Andreas Dilger Abt, a title that the Bishop of Constance did not recognize until 1738 for his successor Peter Glunk.

In the new monastery

Peter Glunk (* 1696 in Seppenhofen, today part of Löffingen ; † 1766 in St. Märgen) was Andreas Dilger's successor in 1736. His successor in turn was Michael Fritz in 1766 (* 1736 in Horb am Neckar , † 1797 in St. Märgen). He was followed in 1797 by Josef Kurz (* 1743 in Ellwangen (Jagst) ; † 1830 in Freiburg im Breisgau). Andreas Dilgers, Peter Glunks and Michael Fritz 'diaries have been published (see literature). No diary has survived from Josef Kurz.

Peter Glunk and Michael Fritz continued Dilger's building work, and the rest of the 18th century was a relatively happy period for the two United monasteries. Abbot Dilger had the Ohmenkapelle consecrated to St. Judas Thaddäus rebuilt in 1734 , Abbot Glunk had the chapel consecrated to St. Wolfgang von Regensburg rebuilt on the Thurner in 1757 . In 1770 Michael Fritz was accepted into the ranks of the prelates of the Breisgau estates and on top of that "director" of the theological faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg . In 1779 St. Märgen received the body of the catacomb saint Constantius.

However, since Empress Maria Theresa came to power in 1740, enlightened absolutism in the Habsburg lands became a threat. It intensified under Maria Theresa's son Joseph II. The monasteries were considered places of superstition, breeding grounds for laziness and gossip. They elude central state administration and are ultimately "useless". More and more rights were withdrawn from them, and more and more taxes were imposed. In 1771 Michael Fritz recorded a conversation with Abbot Philipp Jakob Steyrer of St. Peter: “Dan the great persecutions of the monasteries, which are now on our toes, and several more are waiting for us, have both the prelate of St. Peter and the put down my courage. Regardless of the circumstances, we foresee that the court of Vienna Weeg and Gelegenhaith will seek to subdue all the monasteries it has donated and to attract the same estate. ”If Fritz had been elected without any influence from the Austrian government , his successor was chosen In 1797 a government commissioner was present.

Secularization and the most recent fire disaster

Abbot Kurz held office during the first coalition wars between France and its power rivals. The abbot of St. Peter Ignaz Speckle reported in his diary on April 29, 1800: “The messenger <...> came back with the news that all the clergymen had left the monastery at St. Märgen. Only domestics remained. These had indicated that the clergy were drawn to Villingen . In general, the consternation and confusion at St. Märgen would be much greater than here. Everything is full of refugees. You flee the cattle into the woods. ”Meanwhile the haggling about the monasteries continued. In 1802 the Reichsdeputation , which met in Regensburg , agreed in its "main conclusion" , ratified in 1803 , to nationalize the monasteries. In the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 at the end of the third coalition war, St. Märgen and St. Peter with the Breisgau were finally awarded to the Electorate of Baden , from which the Grand Duchy of Baden emerged in 1806 . In January 1806 the coat of arms of Baden was posted on the gate of the monastery, in August secularization was carried out, and the monastery and all its possessions - including the All Saints' s priory - were given to the Grand Duchy. This ended the actual history of the monastery. In St. Märgen, secularization met fifteen conventuals. Abbot Kurz moved to Freiburg. The Fathers mostly looked after the old monastery parishes, for example Father Joseph Schmidt (1772-1851), the longest survivor, St. Märgen himself. There, the south-eastern wing of the monastery (south wing of the prelate, see below) became a rectory, part of the monastery library, the parish library. The pilgrimage was kept out of “religious and political consideration”, also because of the three nearby inns, which “owe their prosperity for the most part to the pilgrimages”, including the “Alte Wirtshaus”, today “Gasthaus Rößle”, and the “ Neue Wirtshaus ", today" Hotel Hirschen ". All Saints' Day became the first Protestant parish church in Freiburg.

Dilgers and Mathis' draft 1715.

On September 12, 1907, lightning struck the church, which was not secured by a lightning rod. It burned down along with a few outbuildings, but was immediately rebuilt "in the old style". The pilgrimage picture and the altar figures had been saved.

In 1995 monks of the Pauline Order from Czestochowa moved into the monastery and took over pastoral care. But monastic life was short-lived. The branch was closed on August 31, 2011 after it became known that a monk had embezzled money.

Building history

The five building generations from

  • 1118 (foundation construction),
  • 1284 (after the first volume),
  • 1493 (after the second fire of 1430),
  • 1578 (after the third fire of 1560) and
  • 1716–1729 (after the fourth fire of 1704, restored little changed after the fifth fire in 1907)

stood and stand in the same place. They get their water from springs north of the St. Märgener "Rankmühle" mill to this day. Practically nothing of the first four generations has survived above ground. A Gothic red sandstone pointed arch and a Gothic metal grille are kept in the monastery museum, perhaps from the restoration in 1493.

The monastery around 1790. In the foreground the Ohmenkapelle. To the left, beyond the ditch, the Meierhof and in front of it the “New House”, later the “Krone” inn.

The oldest "view" of the monastery was painted in 1752 or 1753 by Franz Ludwig Hermann for the "Abbot Gallery" of the St. Peter monastery in a monochrome yellow-brown under the portrait of Abbot Gottfried von Lötschibach. The picture shows the return of the monks after their departure around 1322 and thus recalls the help of Abbot Gottfried. It is a fantasy because the building in Gottfried's time was long gone. However, a memory of the previous buildings may have lived in St. Märgen; They would then have been single-towered, and the convent buildings would have surrounded the church in a horseshoe-shaped and two-storey manner.

Andreas Dilger built from scratch. His ideal was recorded in his portrait painted in 1721. After a first master builder had disappointed, he commissioned Johann Mathis from Mittelberg (Vorarlberg) (1681–1750), who had just finished with the church of St. Michael in Löffingen. In the autumn of 1715 Mathis submitted his draft, more modest than Dilger's ideal. A segment-arched gable with attached figures crowns the west facade of the church. The actual monastery buildings are three-story with the exception of the two-story west wing above the cellars. There are single-storey outbuildings in the north. By and large, this plan was followed. Work began in late 1715 or early 1716. As early as the end of 1716, Holy Mass could be read in the choir that was first tackled . In 1719 the whole church was provisionally finished.

From 1724 to 1730 the convent or collegiate building was built south of the nave around the “convent courtyard” with the refectory wing in the south, where the abbot also lived, the sacristy wing in the east and the gate wing in the west. The construction management was again Johannes Mathis. In contrast to the first draft, only two storeys were built throughout. Dilger and his fathers moved into these rooms in 1729. From 1738 to 1742 another master builder, Franz Joseph Vogel (1684 or 1686 to 1756) from Wettenhausen , already under Abbot Peter Glunk, built the prelate's south wing to the east of the refectory wing in the south of the “Prälatenhof”. Representation rooms and guest apartments were located here. Vogel had previously worked as a plasterer in the monastery. In a third construction phase, master builder Johann Baptist Häring (1716–1790) from Immendingen finally built the prelate east and north wing with guest apartments and the chapter house as well as the archway from the prelate north wing to the choir of the church from 1761 to 1763 . In parallel to this construction work, such as the making of the church's altars between 1735 and 1744 by the carpenter Johann Martin Hermann (around 1700–1782) from Villingen and the carver Matthias Faller took place. In 1790 the baroque west gable of the church was demolished. This is how the monastery reached the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.

  • Secularization and today's monastery

  • Monastery around 1800. North below. Cemetery (22), outer courtyard with fountain (3), prelate court (38), convent courtyard (39). The four parts of the convent sold to private customers in 1813 are differentiated by color.

  • Monastery today. Gate wing pink with (1) gap since 1813, refectory wing yellow, sacristy wing gray with (2) gap since 1907, prelate south wing ocher, prelate east wing green, prelate north wing blue.

  • Prelate south wing.

  • Prelate east and north wings.

  • Prelate's north wing with passage to the prelate's court.

With the secularization began the losses. Most of the convent building was sold to private individuals in 1813. The door wing where it met the church was torn down two rooms wide in order to gain a passage. The prelate's south wing became the rectory and is still today. The prelate east and north wings initially remained with the Grand Duchy, but were sold to the political community in 1858, which used some rooms for its administration and rented out others. In 1859 and 1860, large parts of the outbuildings around the outer courtyard were demolished to make room for a cemetery extension to the north. “With that, the monastery complex lost its original appearance; a new era had finally dawned. ”In the fire of 1907, not only the church but also the buildings around the convent courtyard fell victim. The south wing of the prelate was spared because Pastor Adolf Albicker (1843–1918, pastor since 1885) had built a fire wall against the refectory wing . The sacristy wing was not rebuilt except for the sacristy itself, so that a single courtyard was created. In 2007, the municipal administration moved into its own town hall. Today the prelate's north wing and the upper floor of the prelate's east wing house the monastery museum.

Convention rooms

The wings that have been preserved - the prelate's south, east and north wings - contain rooms with furnishings from the time of construction. This includes the former chapter house, now part of the museum, with a stuccoed door and ceiling. The most lavishly decorated is the corner room on the upper floor, known as the “best guest room” in 1771, where the prelate's south and east wings meet. Abbot Glunk had Wessobrunn plasterers from Josef Wagner (1707–1764), a long-time employee of Johannes Schütz , stucco the ceiling with motifs of the four seasons in the corners. There is an old tiled stove in the room.

List of the rulers of St. Märgen and All Saints' Day

The list is taken from the article by Wolfgang Müller (1969) and is also contained in Irtenkauf and Hog (2010). It is subdivided into the ruler before and since the union of 1370.

Abbots of St. Märgen before the Union

  • Dietrich (without date)
  • Otto (1125)
  • Hartmann (1145)
  • H. (1215, 1217)
  • Conrad I (1244, 1258)
  • Werner (1265, 1277)
  • Conrad II (1284, 1294)
  • Peter I (1297, 1300)
  • Dietmar von Hunaweier (1308, 1322)
  • John I (1329-1340)
  • Conrad III. (1340–1355; murdered)
  • Werner von Weisweil (1356-1370; resigned)

Provosts of All Saints' Day before the Union

  • Hermann (1300, 1302)
  • Werner (1329)
  • Heinrich Wibeler (1306, 1311)
  • John (1314, 1315)
  • Konrad (1316, 1324)
  • Werner (1329)
  • Heinrich Melvinger (1335, 1357)
  • Nikolaus von Hochdorf (Freiburg im Breisgau) (1358–1370)
  • Bertold Schultheiss von Hüfingen 1370

Abbots of St. Märgen and provosts of All Saints' Day

  • Bertold Schultheiß von Hüfingen (1370–1385; murdered)
  • Johannes II. Schlegele (1388-1401; murdered)
  • John III Baldinger (1401-1407)
  • John IV Stampfer (1407–1424)
  • Peter II carpenter (1428-1430)
  • Rudolf Müller from Villingen (1436, 1437)
  • Antonius Schreiber (1437-1451)
  • Johannes V. Zimmermann from Villingen (1453–1461)
  • John VI Ferry (1461-1474)
  • Erhart Rotkopf from Rottweil (1474–1502)
  • Lukas Wetzel from Herrenberg (1503–1516)
  • Leonhard Wolf (1517–1537)

Administrators of All Saints Day

  • Mattheus Haber or Haberkalt (1540, 1546)
  • Heinrich von Jestetten (1546–1573; resigned)
  • Michael Pantelin from Günzburg (1573–1574)
  • Ulrich Stehelin from Hagnau am Bodensee (1574–1609; provost from 1583; resigned)

Provosts of All Saints' Day

  • Jakob Geiger from Langenargen (1609–1635)
  • Konrad Henny (1635–1647; † in Austria)
  • Christoph Angerer (1649–1675)
  • Georg Konrad from Rappertswil (1675–1682)
  • Adam Schmid from Freiburg (1682–1698)
  • Melchior Knoll from Türkheim in Alsace (1698–1699)
  • Dominik Simonis from Freiburg (1699–1713)

Abbots of St. Märgen

literature

  • Josef Bader : The fate of the former S. Märgen Abbey in the Black Forest in Breisgau. in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 2, Freiburg im Breisgau 1866, pp. 211-278. ( Digitized version )
  • Manfred Hermann : St. Märgen in the Black Forest and its pilgrimage history. The mother of grace of the former monastery church and the pilgrimage to St. Judas Thaddäus on the ohmen . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2002.
  • Manfred Hermann: Catholic parish and pilgrimage church Mariä Himmelfahrt St. Märgen in the Black Forest. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2003, ISBN 3-89870-135-2 .
  • Klaus Hog: In memory of the secularization of the Mariazell Monastery in the Black Forest. 1806-2006. St. Margen 2005.
  • Elisabeth Irtenkauf: The diaries of the abbot or provost Andreas Dilger of St. Märgen and Allerheiligen / Freiburg (r. 1713–1736). In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv , Volume 119 (1999), pp. 5–328 ( digitized version )
  • Elisabeth Irtenkauf, Wolfgang Irtenkauf : The diaries of the abbot or provost Peter Glunk of St. Märgen in the Black Forest (ruled 1736–1766). In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 115 (1995), pp. 35–278 ( digitized version )
  • Elisabeth Irtenkauf, Klaus Hog: The building history of the St. Märgen Monastery in the Black Forest embedded in the history of the monastery (approx. 1115-1860). Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-274-4 .
  • Franz Kern : The diary of the penultimate abbot of St. Märgen in the Black Forest, Michael Fritz. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 89 (1969), pp. 141–309 ( digitized version )
  • Bernhard Mangei: Formation of rule by royalty, church and nobility between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest. Dissertation Freiburg 2003 ( full text )
  • Wolfgang Müller : Studies on the history of the monasteries St. Märgen and Allerheiligen, Freiburg i. Br. In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv , Volume 89 (1969), pp. 5–129 ( digitized version )
  • Johannes Weber: From the history of the Catholic parish of St. Märgen. 2nd Edition. Catholic parish St. Märgen 1985.

Web links

Commons : Kloster St. Märgen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Internet sites for the monastery museum and regional studies discover Baden-Württemberg online .
  2. ^ The church on the website of the Archdiocese of Freiburg. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  3. ↑ Müller 1969, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Müller 1969, p. 9.
  5. ↑ Anton Hopp: The hospice of St. Konrad and the establishment of the canons of St. Ulrich and Afra zu Konstanz / Kreuzlingen , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 107th year 1989, pp. 97-106 ( digitized ).
  6. ↑ The complete picture in: Hans-Otto Mühleisen (Ed.): The legacy of the abbey. 900 years of St. Peter in the Black Forest . Badenia Verlag, Karlsruhe 1993. ISBN 3-7617-0297-3 , p. 287.
  7. ^ Internet site for monasteries in Baden-Württemberg .
  8. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 285.
  9. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 284.
  10. ↑ Allerheiligen Monastery was located east of today's successor to the Karlskaserne and south of today's Leopoldring.
  11. ↑ Müller 1969, p. 24.
  12. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 53.
  13. ↑ Text according to Hermann 2003: “Cella Sanctae mariae hot ich warlich / In 1430 Jar I spend shamefully / Mitt Glogging, organs, goblets, books and all things / Didn't like to return / Abbot Ehrhart Rotenkopf built me ​​in 1493 Jar for the glory of God and Mariae firwahr. "
  14. ^ Painting by Franz Dietrich Kraus (* 1667). Kraus on the website of the Swiss Institute for Art History . Accessed on February 15, 2014. Furthermore, Irtenkauf 1999, pp. 280–281.
  15. ↑ Müller 1869, pp. 79-80.
  16. ↑ Müller 1969, p. 80.
  17. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 368.
  18. ↑ Müller 1969, p. 89.
  19. ↑ a b c Hermann 2003.
  20. ↑ Müller 1969, p. 95.
  21. ↑ Kern's edition of the diary, p. 236.
  22. ↑ Ursmar Engelmann : The diary of Ignaz Speckle, Abbot of St. Peter in the Black Forest. First part 1795–1802. (= Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg , Series A, Volume 12). Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1965, p. 341.
  23. ^ Hog 2005. So too Hermann Schmid: The secularization of the monasteries in Baden 1802-1811. in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 98, 1978, p. 315 Retrieved on March 29, 2014.
  24. ↑ The indication "18 religious" in Müller 1969 p. 104 is erroneous because of incorrect counting in Müller's source Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 13, 1880, pp. 242–244; For example, there the count jumps from No. 4 to No. 6.
  25. ^ Hog 2005.
  26. ↑ Monika Rombach: St. Peter: Farewell: After the financial affair: Pauliner left St. Märgen , Badische Zeitung of June 6, 2011. Accessed on June 7, 2011.
  27. ^ Website of the monastery museum.
  28. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, pp. 28 and 64.
  29. ↑ Drawing by Johann Baptist Herb (* 1775 in Wyhl). Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 258.
  30. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 203.
  31. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 252.
  32. ^ Hermann Brommer : St. Ursula Freiburg i. Br. Munich and Zurich, Schnell & Steiner 1987.
  33. ↑ Iertenkauf and Hog 2010, p 123rd
  34. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 188.
  35. ↑ From a memory of the fire in Weber in 1982: “It was probably after 5 o'clock, after a very humid afternoon, when a late autumn thunderstorm seemed to be brewing. There was a hard clap of thunder and, for a while, a bright lightning bolt and a very hard thunder. It must have hit somewhere, was the assumption. A resident at the church square said to his relatives as he looked up at the church towers: 'Now, sparrows are rab vun de church tower!' In reality it was clapboard that lightning had swept away from the north tower. Since one did not trust the thing, 2 men got into the southern church tower and from there to the church warehouse, as there was no passage from the north tower to the church warehouse. When they came back down, they were very dismayed because the church granary was already burning between the north tower and the Chapel of Grace. With 2 buckets of water we could have extinguished it if we had. Shortly afterwards the first flames broke out of the roof. It began with storm chimes, the grave chiming of bells. People flocked, from the village and then from the surrounding area. Ladders were put up and people hoped for the new water pipe, with its hydrants in the area of ​​the church, but oh dear, the water jet does not reach up to the fire. It was now clear to everyone: the Church is lost. Now all you have to do is save what can be saved. A great panic broke out among the people, the women rushed to the Chapel of Mercy, wept and prayed, the men rushed to the rescue work, the clergymen hid the holy of holies and the sacristan climbed on the altars and handed down what was in a hurry to start. My godfather, a young and very strong man at the time, grabbed one of the figures and carried it all alone to the top of the church square, where everything was put down first: one would almost have forgotten the most important thing, the miraculous image, if it hadn't been the sacristan who would climb the altar of grace at the last moment and hand down the miraculous image, then he would collapse from exhaustion. <...> The fire spread rapidly over the whole church and climbed up the towers in no time at all, which had clapboards down to the ground on the west side. The domes themselves were covered with oak shingles. So you can understand that the burning shingles flew down to the Scheuerhaldenhof. On the Fallerhof and on the Ohmenberg water had to be carried onto the roof. <...> The apartments in Josefstadt (this is how the western part of the former monastery was called) was partly cleared by the owners or by fire fighters <...> Only again at the rectory was it possible that the fire could be resisted by the firewall that still exists there today. By morning the hydrants were exhausted. My father was with another man on the parsonage roof for a long time and stopped the flames from spreading. It was a gruesome 'fireworks' when the oak bell cage had burned out and the 5 bells fell one after the other into the depths and melted. "
  36. ↑ Weber 1982.
  37. ↑ Irtenkauf and Hog 2010, p. 174.
  38. ^ Hugo Schnell, Uta Schedler: Lexicon of Wessobrunn artists and craftsmen . Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1988, ISBN 3-7954-0222-0 , p. 321.