Garlic country

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Map of the garlic country
Knoblauchsland with the fortified church of Kraftshof

Knoblauchsland is the name for one of the largest contiguous vegetable growing areas of its kind in Germany, the development of which goes back to the 8th century. The historically significant, old Franconian cultural landscape is located in the middle of the city triangle Nuremberg - Fürth - Erlangen in Bavaria . The vegetable growing area was characterized by intensive interrelationships with the adjacent urban areas. On the one hand there was the supply of the city population with vegetables and on the other hand the city of Nuremberg protected the nearby cultivation areas and farmers in times of war and emergency.

geography

Geographical location

The Knoblauchsland covers the middle of the Middle Franconian city triangle Nuremberg-Fürth-Erlangen. The exact delimitation is not easy to determine. In addition to natural conditions such as geology and soil, historical and economic geographic aspects also play a role in the classification. In the west, the federal highway 73 borders the vegetable growing area. The highway runs largely along the border between bubble sandstone from the Keuper and Pleistocene river sands from the Regnitzterrassen. The Sebalder Reichswald represents the eastern border. The eastern clearing border roughly marks the dividing line between Keupersandstein and Pleistocene drifting sands . In the southeast, the open spaces of Nuremberg Airport adjoin the landscape. In the south, the Knoblauchsland extends as far as the built-up areas of Nuremberg and Fürth. In the north, the agriculturally used areas of Tennenlohe belong to the Knoblauchsland. The Brucker Flur is characterized by Pleistocene drifting sands and Podzol soils . Therefore, due to its geological conditions, Bruck is no longer part of the Knoblauchsland.

expansion

The landscape has a total area of ​​around 4000 hectares (40 square kilometers). Only half of the area, around 1900 hectares, is used for agriculture. The lengthwise extension in north-south direction is about 10 kilometers and the width of the garlic country is about 5–6 kilometers.

Locations in the Knoblauchsland

Irrigation systems in the Knoblauchsland near Buch (2013)

There are 20 small and large villages in Knoblauchsland. Almoshof , Boxdorf , Buch , Groß- and Kleinreuth behind the Veste , Groß- and Kleingründlach , Höfles , Kraftshof , Lohe , Neunhof , Reutles , Schmalau , Schnepfenreuth and Wetzendorf belong to Nuremberg . Bislohe , Sack , Braunsbach , Ronhof and Poppenreuth are part of Fürth. Tennenlohe belongs to the city of Erlangen.

Natural allocation

The Knoblauchsland is naturally assigned to the Middle Franconian Basin (Mannsfeld and Syrbe 2008), which is part of the main unit group Franconian Keuper-Lias-Land .

Geology and soils

The flat, wavy to flat Keuper landscape is characterized by simple geological conditions. In the west, bubble sandstone from the Hassberge formation forms the geological subsoil. He queues up to the Regnitz terrace and continues west of the river. In the east of the Knoblauchsland region, the Coburg sandstone from the Hassberge formation lies above the bubble sandstone . The bubble sandstone and the Coburg sandstone are of particular importance for growing vegetables in the Knoblauchsland. The two geological layers together are around 30 to 40 meters thick and consist of sandstone with bubble-like cavities, which were created by the weathering of tongallen. The rock is poor in soluble mineral components and rich in Latvian deposits. These lettuce layers are water-retaining due to their high clay content. The weathering of the sands with the Latvians created loose brown earth soils that are well suited for agricultural use. Quaternary valley fillings have been deposited along the rivers and groundwater-influenced soils such as gleye have developed. The shallow soil type Regosol is predominant to the northwest of Buch . Pseudogley soils have formed north of Großgründlach .

Flowing waters

Near-natural, deadwood-dominated section of the river Gründlach north of Boxdorf (Nuremberg)

A series of rivers running in an east-west direction, which flow into the Regnitz and Pegnitz , divide the Knoblauchsland. In the south, starting at Marienberg, runs the Wetzendorfer Landgraben, which crosses Wetzendorf , Kleinreuth behind the Veste and Thon before it joins the Pegnitz in Schniegling . The straightened Schnepfenreuther Landgraben flows through the cultural landscape south of Höfles and Poppenreuth . The Bucher Landgraben divides the Knoblauchsland into a northern and southern area. In the north of Nuremberg, the Gründlachau meadows and their tributaries shape the landscape. In the west, the Regnitz borders the Knoblauchsland. The Eltersdorfer Bach is located in the north of the Knoblauchsland. It flows through Tennenlohe and flows into the Regnitz in Eltersdorf .

climate

The Knoblauchsland lies in the cool, temperate climate zone and has a humid climate . The landscape is located in the transition area between the humid Atlantic and the dry continental climate . After the climate classification of Köppen / Geiger the garlic country belongs to the temperate warm rainy climate (Cfb climate). The mean air temperature of the warmest month remains below 22 ° C and that of the coldest month above -3 ° C. The annual average temperature is 9.3 ° C and the average annual rainfall is only 637 mm. The average annual sunshine duration is relatively high in Germany at 1702 hours per year. The values ​​of the climate elements refer to the Nürnberg Flugfeld measuring station at the airport.

Protected areas

Extensive meadow complexes of the Grünlachauen near Neunhof in the landscape protection area Gründlachtal-Ost

The flowing waters with their recent floodplains run through the intensively used vegetable growing area and are of particular importance in terms of nature conservation as a biotope network axis . The floodplain landscape of the Gründlach is designated as a landscape protection area Gründlachtal - Ost (LSG00536.13) with a total size of 352.5 hectares in the Nuremberg urban area. The 4.8 hectare landscape protection area Poppenreuther Landgraben (LSG-00523.06) and the 10.9 hectare landscape protection area Bucher Landgraben, Bisloher Entwässerungsgraben (LSG-00523.09) are located in the urban area of ​​Fürth. In Erlangen, the Hutgraben with Winkelfeld and Wolfsmantel was placed under protection as a 188.3 hectare landscape protection area (LSG-00536.13).

fauna

The Knoblauchsland offers a variety of ground-breeding bird species ( ground- nesting birds ) suitable habitat conditions. Lapwing , skylark , partridge and yellow wagtail are common ground breeders in this open and fragmented cultural landscape. In addition, there is individual evidence of endangered and partly threatened bird species such as whinchat , wheatear and crested lark.

  • Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) : Mapping of breeding birds in the Knoblauchsland from 2013 and 2015 documented a total of 148 breeding pairs of lapwing . This very large lapwing population across Bavaria on a so-called secondary location shows the quality of the habitat of the cultivated landscape with its spacious, open-air character for this highly endangered meadow breeder.
  • Skylark (Alauda arvensis): The endangered steppe bird was observed with 244 breeding pairs in the garlic country (ground-breeder mapping 2013 and 2015).
  • Partridge (Perdix perdix): 37 breeding pairs of this endangered species were mapped in the garlic country (ground-breeder mapping 2013 and 2015). The hunted partridge mainly inhabits open, richly structured arable land. The small parceled out fields with different crops still offer suitable living space conditions. However, valuable habitat structures such as old grass strips, herbaceous vegetation as well as hedges and field edges have been eliminated in recent decades due to the increasing intensification of agricultural use. Irrigation, greenhouse construction and hunting also have a negative impact on the development of the partridge population.
  • Meadow sheep wagtail (Motacilla flava): The widespread meadow wagtail was detected in the Knoblauchsland with 77 breeding pairs (ground breeder mapping 2013 and 2015). The small-parceled and structurally rich cultivation areas offer good habitat conditions for this species.
  • Crested Lark (Galerida cristata) : The Central Franconian breeding population of the Crested Lark, which is threatened with extinction in Bavaria, has been considered extinct since the turn of the century. In the area of Schnepfenreuth and in the vicinity of the box forest, the species was mapped several times as a probable breeding bird in 2014.

history

The Knoblauchsland on a section of the large forest and Fraiss map "The Nuremberg area to the border waters" from 1623

The development of the Knoblauchsland goes back to the 8th century and started from the royal courts of Aurach, Fürth and Nuremberg. The first settlements were Großgründlach, Eltersdorf and Königsmühle, which were created by the Aurach royal court, as well as Wetzendorf, Schniegling , Braunsbach, Poppenreuth, Boxdorf, Mannhof and Steinach, which were created by clearing the Fürth royal court. After Nuremberg was founded in 1040, the Thon, Großreuth and Kleinreuth settlements were built in the 11th and 12th centuries to improve the young city's economic situation. The further development of the area was incumbent on the Lords of Gründlach and the Lords of Berg, who were appointed by the king as imperial servants . The Lords of Gründlach opened up the area north of the Gründlach and founded Kleingründlach, Reutles and Tennenlohe. The localities Almoshof, Bislohe, Buch, Doos, Herboldshof, Höfles, Kraftshof, Kronach, Lohe, Neunhof, Sack, Schnepfenreuth, Stadeln and Ziegelstein emerged from the clearing by the Lords of Berg.

From the middle of the 13th century , both the imperial city of Nuremberg and the burgraves and later margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach acquired properties in Knoblauchsland. This development ended in 1427 with the transfer of the castle count's rights over the Knoblauchsland to the possession of Nuremberg. However, inconsistencies in the contracts repeatedly developed conflicts between the two parties over the years, which finally led to the First Margrave War in 1449 , which resulted in the villages of Almoshof, Großreuth, Höfles, Kleinreuth, Lohe, Schnepfenreuth, Schniegling, Thon and Wetzendorf were destroyed. The Second Margrave War from 1552 to 1553 and the Thirty Years War also brought suffering and destruction to the entire Knoblauchsland.

In 1796 the Knoblauchsland was placed under Prussian administration before it passed to the newly founded Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 or 1810 . In 1899, Großreuth, Kleinreuth, Schniegling, Thon and Wetzendorf were the first to be incorporated into Nuremberg. Knoblauchsland felt the first effects of World War II with the bombing of Neunhof on May 6, 1941. In the further course of the war, air raids were carried out again in 1941, 1943 and 1944, before the US Army took the city of Nuremberg over the Knoblauchsland in April 1945 . The last major event in the history of Knoblauchsland was the Bavarian territorial reform of 1972, in which all previously independent municipalities were added to the cities of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen.

etymology

Onion cultivation has given this region its name. The wax tablet book of the Burgraviate of Nuremberg from 1425 provides information on this. Around 1600, the Nuremberg city clerk Johannes Müllner points to the onion as the origin of the name:

"And these previously enumerated spots and villages (of the Knoblauchsland) are all between the forest and the Rednitz against the left hand, which tract is secretly called the Knoblachsland, because a lot of onions and rubies are built and seduced from inside into foreign lands ... and with it a lot of handling is carried out. "

- Johannes Muellner

The city and the rural area thus benefited from one another. For some, the surrounding area served as a source of food, for producers it brought security under the sign of the castle in times of crisis.

Vegetable growing

Framework

The Neunhof district of Nuremberg between the vegetable fields in Knoblauchsland, 2008

In the Knoblauchsland, around 130 vegetable farms cultivate 1,900 hectares of agricultural land. Around 900 hectares of this are used for growing vegetables. This corresponds to around three quarters of the total vegetable growing area in Middle Franconia. Therefore, the Knoblauchsland represents the focus area for the Central Franconian vegetable growing.

The good natural conditions for the cultivation of special crops, such as the presence of fertile brown earth soils on bubble sandstone and Coburg sandstone with very good climatic conditions (long hours of sunshine in the summer months), have in combination with the artificial irrigation through the water transfer project and the regional and national marketing led to a strong development of vegetable production in this area. The Knoblauchsland has a central location in the middle of the metropolitan region of Nuremberg and a supraregional favorable infrastructure as well as transport connections for marketing. The well-functioning irrigation concept through the formation of its own water association has also proven to be a locational advantage for the cultivation region.

Artificial irrigation

Due to the intensive vegetable production, the low water storage capacity of the sandy soils and the low rainfall in the summer months, there is an increased need for irrigation. The average need for irrigation in the garlic country is around 2.2 million cubic meters per year and around 3.5 million cubic meters in extremely dry years.

Mainly water from the Sebalder Reichswald is used for irrigation. Irrigation pipes from the Regnitz into the Knoblauchsland have also been laid since 2000 . This is made possible by raising the low water flow of the Regnitz through the Danube-Main crossing .

A special irrigation control is used to ensure the diversity of the cultivated crops and the staggering of the rates. Around 850 hectares of cultivated area are supplied with water via around 1500 hydrants through a pipeline network developed by the Knoblauchsland water association. This means that it is not necessary to draw water with your own pump units. The main distribution system used is circular sprinklers, which, in contrast to drip irrigation, require higher water pressure and a higher amount of water. About 10–25 cubic meters of water per hour can be taken from each hydrant and distributed accordingly over the area using 10–12 circular sprinklers.

Corridor structure

In addition to the variety of vegetable crops, the strong parceling of the hallway catches the eye. The narrow fields are sometimes only 2–3 meters wide and rows of different crops are cultivated next to each other.

Vegetables

The plants grown include flowers , potatoes , cabbage , kohlrabi , leeks , radishes , radishes , asparagus , spinach , tobacco , artichokes , wheat and savoy cabbage, as well as onions , courgettes , eggplants , tomatoes and many types of salad .

Asparagus cultivation

Asparagus cultivation has a long tradition in the garlic country. The Knoblauchland asparagus was mentioned in the literature as "particularly tasty" as early as the 17th century.

Tobacco growing

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Middle Franconia and in particular the Knoblauchsland was the leading tobacco growing area in Germany. Tobacco cultivation in Nuremberg was documented as early as the 1630s.

particularities

Despite a few main crops, the Knoblauchsland has little specialization in the assortment of vegetable plants. The cultivation of organic vegetables is also playing an increasing role.

Vegetable cultivation in Knoblauchsland is carried out both in greenhouses and in the open air . Since vegetable production in this growing region is subject to strong competition for space - such as housing, trade and infrastructure - a high and increasing proportion of cultivated areas under glass can be recorded.

Sales market

The vegetables of the garlic country are marketed regionally on the one hand and marketed jointly and supraregional on the other hand via cooperative structures.

Obstacles

The lack of inexpensive labor, the competition for land, the scarcity of water and the increasing market power of the food retail trade are the inhibiting factors for the further development of vegetable growing in the garlic country.

Cultural landscape

Landscape history

The historical interrelationships between Nuremberg and the Knoblauchsland can be vividly described with the help of the model of the Thünenschen Rings . According to this old location structure theory, there is a spatial differentiation of the type and intensity of agricultural use around a center that represents the market. Various usage rings existed around the center of Nuremberg (Thünensche rings). With the increasing distance of the production sites from Nuremberg's old town as a market square, the storage ducks sank and the transport costs rose. Due to the increased land prices near the city, mainly products with a high revenue per unit area such as vegetables were grown near the market. In the Middle Ages, perishable foods such as vegetables and milk could not survive long distances from the producers to the urban consumers under the transport conditions of the time when pedestrians and wagons were used. Therefore, market-oriented cultivation of perishable goods such as vegetables in close proximity to urban consumption centers was required. The city of Nuremberg not only acted as a consumer of the agricultural products of the garlic country, but also supplied manure that was used as organic fertilizer for the cultivated areas. This close functional link was largely eliminated through the use of mineral fertilizers, modern cooling techniques and faster means of transport. The intensive cultures close to the city are superficially showing signs of persistence which reflect the high cultural and historical value of the vegetable growing areas for the neighboring cities.

Landscaped area

View over vegetable fields to Großgründlach, 2004

The Knoblauchsland was classified by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as a significant cultural landscape and classified as unmistakable. The open and flat landscape with the small-scale vegetable growing areas has shaped the landscape for centuries. Real division and moderate land consolidation process have led to the preservation of the characteristic hall structure with very narrow and long parcels. The landscape of the Knoblauchsland conveys a sense of home and contributes to local and regional identity.

Historical cultural landscape elements

The culture shop Schloss Almoshof in the Holzschuherschlösschen

Historical cultural landscape elements give the landscape of the Knoblauchsland a special character. The identity of the traditional agricultural landscape is characterized by numerous cultural landscape elements, of which the following are important:

Recreation

The diverse juxtaposition of numerous types and varieties of vegetables makes the Knoblauchsland together with the historical monuments a recreational area.

Landscape change

The landscape character of the historical cultural landscape has changed since the early 1960s due to agricultural intensification measures and land consolidation measures.

The relocation and expansion of Nuremberg Airport led to large-scale commercial settlements and residential area designations as well as infrastructure projects interfering with the important cultural landscape. The withdrawal of agricultural land in the course of the large-scale building land use meant that the field vegetable cultivation was gradually replaced by large, heated greenhouses. In the area around the airport and north of Kleinreuth behind the Veste, Thon, Wetzendorf and Schniegling and east of Poppenreuth, this development can be observed more and more.

In the past, the Knoblauchsland was often threatened by the designation of large residential and commercial areas, losing its rural-village character and structurally merging with the cities. In the 1990s, the continued existence of the vegetable growing area was particularly endangered. At that time, a project called “Gewerbepark im Knoblauchsland” triggered major protests among farmers and the population, which ultimately prevented it. The establishment of a large furniture store and a carpet store as well as the construction of a new exit on the A73 (Fürth-Steinach) were implemented in 2016 and the long-standing tobacco cultivation there almost completely disappeared.

art

The painter Rudolf Schiestl dealt with motifs of the old Franconian landscape in the form of graphics and etchings . He was a great admirer of the garlic country. The professor at the Nuremberg School of Applied Arts expressed his preference for the vegetable growing area in this quote: "The people of Nuremberg should consider themselves lucky to have Flanders and Provence so close to their gates."

Others

In Castle Almoshof a Kulturladen was established as a district center. The culture shop serves as a meeting place with a cultural program and various group and course offers.

literature

  • Erich Guttenberg, Hermann Rusam: Knoblauchsland . Verlag A. Hofmann, Nuremberg 1989, ISBN 3-87191-139-9 .
  • Irmgard Müssenberger: The garlic country. Nuremberg's vegetable growing area. Board of the Franconian Geographical Society (Ed.). Self-published by the Franconian Geographical Society, Erlangen 1959.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Irmgard Müssenberger: Das Knoblauchsland. Nuremberg's vegetable growing area . In: Board of the Fränkische Geographische Gesellschaft (Hrsg.): Mitteilungen der Fränkische Geographische Gesellschaft. Issue 7 . Self-published by the Franconian Geographical Society, Erlangen 1959, p. 97-98 .
  2. ↑ a b c Digital geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 (dGK25). In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b Overview soil map of Bavaria 1: 25,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Andreas Gabriel, Vera Bitsch, Thomas Hannus: Statistics Horticulture Bavaria Focus on vegetable growing. Chair for Economics of Horticulture and Landscaping, Technical University of Munich on behalf of the Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry; January 2019, accessed on February 25, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Irmgard Müssenberger: The garlic country. Nuremberg's vegetable growing area . In: Board of the Fränkische Geographische Gesellschaft (Hrsg.): Mitteilungen der Fränkische Geographische Gesellschaft. Issue 7 . Self-published by the Franconian Geographical Society, Erlangen 1959, p. 92 .
  7. ↑ Water structure mapping of the rivers in Bavaria 2017 (on-site procedure). In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Climate Nuremberg. Climate-Data.org, accessed February 2, 2020 .
  9. ↑ a b Nuremberg (airport). German Weather Service, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Nuremberg airfield measuring station. City of Nuremberg, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Ulrike Hanning: Green List of Landscape Protection Areas in Bavaria. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, December 31, 2018, accessed on February 6, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Landscape protection areas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on February 6, 2020 .
  13. ↑ a b c d e Recording of ground-breeding bird species in the Knoblauchsland in the city of Nuremberg. (No longer available online.) Nuremberg Environment Agency, February 11, 2014, archived from the original on August 30, 2017 ; accessed on August 30, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nuernberg.de
  14. ↑ a b c d e f Recording of ground-breeding bird species in Knoblauchsland in the urban area of ​​Nuremberg 2015 results report. (No longer available online.) Nuremberg Environment Agency, 2015, archived from the original on August 30, 2017 ; accessed on August 30, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nuernberg.de
  15. ↑ Written question: Development of the populations of protected bird species in Middle Franconia. Bavarian State Parliament, April 22, 2016, accessed on August 31, 2017 .
  16. ↑ Production and recreational horticulture. Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry, accessed on February 25, 2020 .
  17. ↑ a b Heike Mempel, Christoph Mühlmann: Optimization of irrigation management in the Knoblauchsland by radio systems. Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, accessed on March 15, 2020 .
  18. ^ Written request from MP Martin Stümpfig BÜNDNIS 90 / DIE GRÜNEN from September 6, 2018: Climate change and agricultural irrigation. In: Drucksache 17/24244. Bavarian State Parliament, December 14, 2018, accessed on March 15, 2020 .
  19. ↑ Irmgard Müssenberger: The garlic country. Nuremberg's vegetable growing area . In: Board of the Fränkische Geographische Gesellschaft (Hrsg.): Mitteilungen der Fränkische Geographische Gesellschaft. Issue 7 . Self-published by the Franconian Geographical Society, Erlangen 1959, p. 3 .
  20. ↑ Garlic countries vegetables. Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forests; alp Bayern, Food Agency, accessed on February 23, 2020 .
  21. ^ Draft of a cultural landscape structure of Bavaria as a contribution to biodiversity: 21 Nuremberg - Fürth - Erlangen agglomeration. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), 2011, accessed on August 30, 2017 .
  22. ^ Herbert Goldhofer and Angela Dunst: Field vegetable cultivation in Bavaria: Economics of important cultures. Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), May 2005, accessed on February 2, 2020 .
  23. ^ Michael Nadler: The taxed enjoyment: Tobacco and financial policy in Bavaria 1669-1802 (Miscellanea Bavarica Monacensia) . utzverlag GmbH, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8316-0764-8 , p. 204 .
  24. ^ Simon-Martin Neumair: Thünen model. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, accessed on March 15, 2020 .
  25. ↑ Jutta Henke: Info sheet theory of land use (Thünen's rings). In: Geography Information Center. Klett, May 2, 2012, accessed March 15, 2020 .
  26. ↑ a b Knoblauchsland - Labor-intensive horticulture. Germany - Farms. In Diercke World Atlas . Westermann Schulbuch, 2015, ISBN 978-3-14-100800-5 , p. 58 .
  27. ↑ Hartmut Heller: A future for the Knoblauchsland. In: Communications of the Franconian Geographical Society. Vol. 25/26, 1978/1979, pp. 115-145. Franconian Geographical Society, 1979, accessed February 23, 2020 .
  28. ↑ The cultural landscape structure of Bavaria. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), February 6, 2015, accessed on August 31, 2017 .
  29. ↑ a b Significant cultural landscapes in the cultural landscape unit 21 conurbation Nuremberg-Fürth-Erlangen. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), 2015, accessed on August 31, 2017 .
  30. ↑ cultural landscape. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 14, 2020 .
  31. ^ Hermann Rusam: Knoblauchsland: Romanticism of an old Franconian vegetable farmer landscape in the middle of the city triangle Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen . Verlag A. Hofmann, Nuremberg 1989, ISBN 3-87191-139-9 , p. 100-102 .
  32. ^ Hermann Rusam: Knoblauchsland: Romanticism of an old Franconian vegetable farmer landscape in the middle of the city triangle Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen . Verlag A. Hofmann, Nuremberg 1989, ISBN 3-87191-139-9 , p. 7 .
  33. ↑ Knoblauchsland: Framework conditions and planning bases. City of Nuremberg, March 2017, accessed February 7, 2020 .
  34. ^ Hermann Rusam: Knoblauchsland: Romanticism of an old Franconian vegetable farmer landscape in the middle of the city triangle Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen . Verlag A. Hofmann, Nuremberg 1989, ISBN 3-87191-139-9 , p. 8 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 20 ″  N , 11 ° 2 ′ 11 ″  E