Goldenberg power plant
| Goldenberg power plant | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 51 '37 " N , 6 ° 50' 17" E | ||
| country | Germany | ||
| Waters | none (cooling via cooling towers ) | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Coal-fired power plant with process steam extraction | ||
| fuel |
Brown coal (formerly from the United Ville opencast mine , today the Rheinische Revier via the north-south railway ) |
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| power | 40 MW district heating | ||
| owner | RWE | ||
| operator | RWE Power | ||
| Project start | 1913 | ||
| Start of operations | April 7, 1914, current attachments 1992/93 | ||
| Shutdown | Old systems in 1992, power generation in 2015 | ||
| turbine | Steam turbine | ||
| boiler | 2 (+ 2 auxiliary steam generators fired with light oil for downtime) | ||
| Firing | Fluidized bed over an open grate | ||
The power plant Goldberg (originally Vorgebirgszentrale called) is a former power plant of RWE in Huerth-Knapsack . The power plant's output was last at 40 MW. Up to June 2015, around 1.3 billion kWh of electricity and 0.8 million tons of process steam were produced annually from around 1.3 million tons of lignite for the neighboring industry in the Knapsack Chemical Park and district heating for Hürth. Electricity production was stopped on July 1, 2015.
The old power station was of regional importance in the Rhenish lignite district ; There were (as of around 2001) considerations to put parts of the repeatedly rebuilt or rebuilt facility under monument protection.
history
prehistory
1905 in Brühl in Cologne from the pit mountain spirit for the sugar factory Brühl the power station Berggeiststrasse producing electricity from brown coal with a capacity of initially 980 kW by the Society for Electrical ventures Cologne commissioned. RWE took over this company in 1906. Gradually, the output of the RWE headquarters in Berggeist was increased to 8 MW (8000 kW). In 1913, under the impression of Klingenberg's concept of large power plants on lignite fields and the RWE capacity bottleneck, RWE planned the construction of the new lignite power plant Vorgebirgszentrale on the edge of the United Ville mine , which had been opened in 1901 and taken over by the Rodder mine in 1906, after it was dealt with in 1912 with the brown coal mine. and Brikettwerke Roddergrube AG has signed a long-term coal supply contract. With this, RWE switched to its pioneering business principle of converting lignite into electricity on a large scale close to the mining site. RWE took a stake in the Stinnes company Deutsche Wildermannwerke chemical factories to secure the base load .
First World War
The Vorgebirgszentrale power station was completed in 1914 . Ten boilers produced 30 MW with two turbo generators. The war-related demand increased due to the energy-intensive processes for explosives and electrochemical products and required a power plant to be expanded. As early as 1915 the plant was doubled and produced 60 MW. The energy-intensive aluminum production of the newly founded Erftwerke AG in Grevenbroich (later VAW ) and the energy-intensive calcium carbide / ferrosilicon production of RWE and Rheinische Elektrowerke AG in Knapsack and Frechen enabled a further expansion: thanks to subsidies from the Reich, the power plant was built in 1917 110 kV double line connected to the largest German hard coal-fired power station Reisholz (75 MW) over the Rhine and the output further increased. In 1917 the first 50 MW machine was put into operation; A second followed in 1918. A new 110-kilovolt line to Solingen and Ronsdorf was Bergisch land to the Vorgebirgszentrale connected. At the end of the war the plant had a capacity of 190 MW and, as the largest power plant in Europe, was of vital importance in the field of energy supply.
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The power plant in the year of construction 1914
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The chimneys called "12 apostles"
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The golden mine and its high utilization factor formed the economic and corporate strategy basis for RWE in the interwar period .
Interwar period
As a result of the Versailles Treaty , 40% of the coal production in the prewar period ceased to exist due to the assignment of territories. Also because of coal repair deliveries , there was an increasing focus on lignite power generation .
In 1920, the power plant after its 1917 deceased builder, the Technical Board of RWE Bernard Goldberg , in power plant Goldberg renamed.
In 1923 and 1925 the total output was increased to 290 MW. The plant thus generated 61% of the total output of RWE. In 1929, RWE also took over the power plant facilities at the neighboring chemical site , which the power plant had already supplied to a large extent. The twelve chimneys of the plant were popularly called the "12 apostles of Knapsack" and shaped the landscape with its 110 m height. At night they were visible from afar due to the flames and sparks leaking out due to the lack of filter systems.
In 1927 dust emissions were estimated to be between 47 t and 133 t per day. Lawsuits and petitions from the surrounding residents about encrusted layers of dust on fields, houses and clothes were unsuccessful. RWE successfully fended off compensation, compensation and the installation of exhaust gas cleaning systems . After the expansion in 1929, the plant had an output of 480 MW. In addition to the major power plant in Zschornewitz , the golden mine contributed to a structural crisis with its continuous increase in output : in 1930 there were 1250 MW, in 1932 2310 MW overcapacities (28% of the nationwide total output) with a simultaneous decline in consumption from 1929 due to the global economic crisis . Only the energy-intensive armament of the Wehrmacht from 1933/34 onwards led to the profitability of the large power plants. By 1936, through the conversion of the old boiler systems and a new generation of generators, the total output was increased to 529.5 MW, now with 98 boilers and 25 turbines. In 1939, before the outbreak of the Second World War , 1,600 people worked in the power plant.
Second World War
The golden mine as a central large power plant was criticized as a slightly vulnerable target before the war, because it was within range of Belgian long-range guns . During the war, the sparking chimneys served the Allied bombers as an orientation aid, since filter systems were not required during the Nazi era due to the lack of raw materials due to the autarchy. Chlorosulphonic acid was used as a makeshift nebulizer .
During the air raids of the Second World War, the power plant was driven from a control bunker of the Winkel type . The bunker is now a listed building . The first day attack by 54 British Bristol-Blenheim bombers on the Goldenberg and Fortuna power plants on August 12, 1941 (at the same time as Cologne) was considered successful despite the loss of 12 aircraft on the return flight, but the damage was soon repaired. In 1942 the production of the golden mine was restricted by the air raid on Cologne in 1942 due to broken lines. Although the golden mine was a backbone of the armaments industry (in 1943 every eighth kWh of public supply came from the golden mine), there was no targeted bombing until 1944. The power station was largely destroyed by two targeted air strikes on October 22nd and 28th, 1944 and was taken offline for two months. In the following year 1945 it produced only 500,000 MWh.
1945 until today
It was rebuilt after the Second World War. At the end of 1945, the first two turbines could be put back into operation, followed by another five (of the previous 13) with a capacity of 350 MW by 1948. In 1951/52 the efficiency of the plant was increased by 340 MW to 940 MW through the construction of a high-pressure ballast. The building with its three thick chimneys on top shaped the image of the power station hill. In 1983 the plant was shut down and demolished in 1995. In 1925 the total output was 205.8 MW, at the end of the 1950s 560 MW. Environmental pollution remained unchanged at the pre-war level. Together with the chemical industry in Knapsack , the power plant created a dust-filled air that was visible well beyond Cologne over the horizon.
In 1971 a combined heat and power plant was built to supply Hürth with district heating . In 1972, RWE shut down the last unit of the power plants acquired in 1929 from the neighboring chemical site. In the 1970s the population of Knapsack was resettled due to environmental pollution. Due to the obsolescence of the power plant, RWE planned to build two new 600 MW units in the early 1980s. The work was stopped in 1986; Previously, immission protection laws and ordinances came into force. These prescribed flue gas desulphurization and flue gas denitrification (against nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide ). The demand for electricity stagnated and in the 1980s several new nuclear power plants were connected to the grid in Germany (list here ).
From 1987 the plant was converted to fluidized bed combustion . In 1993 the old boilers were finally taken out of operation and production with new fluidized bed and the even more effective Cirkofluid boilers started.
In 2002 the name of the power plant was changed to Energy Service Center - Power Plant Goldenberg , between November 2003 and April 2004 the last four large chimneys of the original "12 Apostles " were removed at a cost of 1.6 million euros, and detonation was not possible. Today's power plant has a single high double chimney (a second thin chimney is used for the oil-powered replacement system in the event of failure or maintenance of the plant). Three gas engines for burning landfill gas to generate electricity were also put into operation. This gas comes from the nearby landfill in the charred United Ville mine by the city of Cologne, which has now been closed for household waste.
Since 2012, the power plant has been controlled together with the power plant part of the coal refining company Ville / Berrenrath as the Verbund Kraftwerk Knapsacker Hügel . Since the neighboring opencast mines have long been exhausted, the power plant receives its coal via the north-south railway line from RWE Power from the Hambach and Garzweiler opencast mines .
The grid connection took place until June 2015 via the Knapsack switchgear at the 110 kV high voltage level in the power grid of the distribution network operator Rhein-Ruhr distribution network .
On July 1, 2015, electricity production was stopped. The steam production continues.
literature
- Arthur Koepchen : Goldenberg work. Essen 1924.
- Dieter Dörsam: From the history of the Goldenberg power plant of RWE Energie AG. In: Heimat- und Kulturverein Hürth (Ed.) Hürther Heimat 71/72 (1993) pp. 1–25 (on the person Dörsam, Fuchsloch, fn. 21)
- Norman Fuchsloch: "Twelve Apostles" in the Hell of Knapsack. The problem of air pollution from the RWE “Goldenberg” lignite power station. In: Helmut Maier (ed.): Electricity industry between environment, technology and politics: Aspects from 100 years of RWE history 1898–1998. Freiberg 1999, pp. 195-216.
See also
Web links
- Energy service center power plant Goldenberg (EDZ)
- A story full of energies. 90 years of the Goldenberg power plant , PDF brochure from RWE
- Photo of the Goldenberg power plant with 'four apostles'
- Knapsacker Hügel power plant
- WDR 2 press release about the cessation of electricity production
Footnotes
- ↑ EEX Transparency Platform
- ↑ Cöllnisch Umbra. The Rhenish lignite mining area as a monument landscape. Edited by Regional Association of Rhineland . Petersberg 2002. p. 68
- ^ A b Edmund Todd: From Essen to the regional power supply, 1890–1920. The Rheinisch-Westfälische Elektrizitätswerk. In: Helmut Maier (ed.): Electricity industry between environment, technology and politics: Aspects from 100 years of RWE history 1898–1998. Freiberg 1999, p. 41f.
- ↑ Norbert Gilson: The error as the basis of success. The RWE and the implementation of the economic calculation of the network economy up to the 1930s. In: Helmut Maier (ed.): Electricity industry between environment, technology and politics: Aspects from 100 years of RWE history 1898–1998. Freiberg 1999, p. 64.
- ^ The realm of Alsace-Lorraine came to France
- ^ Thomas P. Hughes : Networks of Power. Electrification in Western Society. 1880-1930. London 1983, p. 413.
- ^ Thomas P. Hughes: Networks of Power. Electrification in Western Society. 1880-1930. London 1983, p. 409.
- ↑ In other sources such as the railway publication "Beideits vom Eisenbahnweg" (Issue 6 from 1929) there is talk of 3 megawatt hours. All power plants in North Rhine-Westphalia taken together, according to the publication, generated 7 billion kilowatt hours back then, 1/3 of the energy required by the German Reich.
- ↑ Norbert Gilson: The error as the basis of success. The RWE and the implementation of the economic calculation of the network economy up to the 1930s. In: Helmut Maier (ed.): Electricity industry between environment, technology and politics: Aspects from 100 years of RWE history 1898–1998. Freiberg 1999, p. 84ff.
- ↑ Goldenbergkraftwerk goes offline , Rhein-Erft-Rundschau of August 12, 2014 (accessed February 2016)
- ↑ Helmut Maier: "National economic model boy" without fortune. Developments in energy policy and RWE in the “Third Reich”. In the S. (Ed.): Electricity industry between environment, technology and politics: Aspects from 100 years of RWE history 1898–1998. Freiberg 1999, p. 142.
- ↑ Entry at chroniknet.de (accessed February 2016)
- ↑ Wing Commander Tom Baker , obituary for the Navigator in the Telegraph of April 10, 2006 (accessed February 2016)
- ↑ Helmut Maier : "National economic model boy" without fortune. Developments in energy policy and RWE in the “Third Reich”. In the S. (Ed.): Electricity industry between environment, technology and politics: Aspects from 100 years of RWE history 1898–1998. Freiberg 1999, p. 130.
- ↑ Walter Buschman: The Goldenberg plant in Hürth. In: Rhenish industrial culture.
- ↑ Better air in Knapsack. The time of May 12, 1955.
- ↑ see also Ordinance on Large Combustion, Gas Turbine and Combustion Engine Systems of 1983.
- ↑ Federal Network Agency power plant list (nationwide; all network and transformer levels) as of July 2nd, 2012. ( Microsoft Excel file, 1.6 MiB) Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 ; Retrieved July 21, 2012 .