Krka (Slovenia)
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Krka Krainer Gurk |
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 Travertine cascades near Žužemberk ( Seisenberg ) |
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| Data | ||
| location | Slovenia | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Save → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | At Gradiček 45 ° 53 ′ 23 ″ N , 14 ° 46 ′ 17 ″ E |
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| muzzle |
Save bei Brežice Coordinates: 45 ° 53 ′ 36 ″ N , 15 ° 36 ′ 2 ″ E 45 ° 53 ′ 36 ″ N , 15 ° 36 ′ 2 ″ E
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| length | 111 km | |
| Medium-sized cities | Novo mesto | |
 source |
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 Krka in Novo mesto ( Rudolfswerth ) |
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 Kostanjevica na Krki ( Country Road on the Gurk ) |
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The Krka ( German Krainer Gurk ), a right tributary of the Save , is the longest river in Dolenjska (Lower Carniola) in Slovenia with approx. 111 km .
Run
The river rises from two sources fed by underground, enormous foaming karst waters near the village Gradiček, just under two kilometers northwest of the pilgrimage site of the same name, Krka and about 10 km south of Ivančna Gorica . In the upper part, in a south-easterly direction, past the towns oflese, Marinča vas, Fužina, Zagradec and Žužemberk , flowing over tufa sills and dams, the river penetrates picturesque gorges. From around the hamlet of Soteska, the Krka changes - somewhat more slowly - its course in a north-easterly direction along the towns of Novo mesto , Dolnje Kronovo, Dobrava, Kostanjevica na Krki and Krška vas, and then after about 1 km at Brežice just before the Croatian Pour border into the Save. In this lower course the river is much wider, particularly deep, and warm in summer.
Backwaters
From west to east: Črmošnjica, Radešica, Sušica, Prečna, Težka, Radulja and a few other smaller tributaries.
pollution
According to research by the Ljubljana Jožef Štefan Institute , the Krka is contaminated with TBT ( tributyltin hydride ) and mercury . In the case of TBT, the measured values exceed the permissible limit values by a factor of 60. According to the director Dušan Harlander from the responsible health department in Novo mesto, the last “serious” examination of the state of the Krka was carried out in 1990.
In August 2013 a large number of mussels perished in Kostanjevica on the Krka . The species Unio crassus (river mussel) with a size of up to 10 cm was mainly affected. The causes of the mussel death were not investigated because the environmental protection agency (Zavod RS za varstvo narave) does not have the means to carry out investigations into water bodies in acute incidents and the municipality of Konstanjevica was not prepared to pay for these investigations. Thus, one does not know whether climate changes played a role in the death (high temperatures, low water level, low oxygen content of the water) or whether local water pollution was to blame. Mussels are more sensitive to pollution than fish, for example, which can easily change their location. The river is checked at 13 points as part of regular monitoring: from Soteska to Grič near Brežice . The last examination in this context took place in July, at that time the water was fine.
Noteworthy sights and attractions along the river
- The castle Obergurk (Vrhkrka) once stood on the hill above the springs, mentioned in a document around 1323 as the ancestral seat of the Lords of Gurk. The castle is said to have been razed by Jan Vitovec after the Counts of Cilli died out.
- The imposing pilgrimage church dedicated to Saints Cosmas and Damian is located in Krka . The church was given its present form in 1757; it is the most important baroque building from the middle of the 18th century in Dolenjsko.
- The larger town Žužemberk is the economic center of the Suha krajina (Drought Mark). Valvasor names Hunel and Valjhun von Seisenberg, who are said to have resided there in 1311, as the first owners of the local castle, which was destroyed in the Second World War and is now being preserved and restored.
- Several water mills were once operated on both sides of the river in the vicinity of Žužemberk. In Prapreče, a suburb of Žužemberk, you can still see a - no longer in operation, but well-preserved - mill that is privately owned by the Vehovec family.
- The place Dvor, about 5 km downstream from Žužemberk, was once an important iron industry center when the Counts of Auersperg built an ironworks and an iron foundry there. Only the remains of a blast furnace are left of it.
- Kostanjevica na Krki , located on an island of the Krka, therefore also called the "Venice of Lower Carniola" (Dolenjske Benetke) - is the oldest and at the same time the smallest town in Dolenjska. Not far from the city is the Cistercian monastery Kostanjevica (Landstrass) founded by Bernhard von Spanheim in 1234 . Repealed in 1785. Today it serves as the Forma viva exhibition and museum complex .
- On the right bank of the river, ruins of Stara Soteska Castle ( Alteinöd ) - once the seat of the Lords of Ainöd - followers of the Counts of Gorizia .
- On the left bank of the river Soteska (Ainödt) - a castle built by Georg Siegmund von Gallenberg after 1664. The last owners were the princes of Auersperg . The building suffered severe damage during the Second World War.
- Novo mesto - founded in 1365 by Duke Rudolf IV of Austria. Today the largest city in Lower Carniola, it is also considered the capital of Dolenjska. The altarpiece of St. Nicholas of Tintoretto can be seen in the Kapitelkirche. There are three epitaphs in the Franciscan Church , including that of the commander on the Croatian border, Johann Freiherr von Lenković (Slovenian and Croatian Ivan Lenković).
- On the right bank of the river Graben Castle - once the ancestral seat of the Lords of Graben .
- Otočec Castle (German: Wördl) - is also located on an island of the Krka. Valvasor names the lords of Wärth or Werder as the first owners: 1265 Ulrich, 1322 Valhun and 1372 Hainzel. The building was burned down by the partisans during World War II, but rebuilt after the war and is now used for tourist purposes.
literature
- Po Dolenjski. Library: Small tourist monographs. No. 11, Zagreb 1974 (title in German, 'Durchs Unterkrain')
- Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem. Ljubljana 1982 ('Landlords in the former Carniola')
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tanja Jakše Gazvoda, "Ribe v laboratoriju, preplah pa še v zraku (German:" "The fish in the laboratory, the excitement still in the air)", Dolenjske novice (weekly supplement to Dolenjski list), pp. 1, 6. October 2011
- ↑ Andrej Hudoklin, Zavod RS za varstvo narave, "Naša naravna dediščina-Pogin školjk v Krki (German: Our natural heritage: The perishing of mussels in the Krka)", Dolenjski list, 22 August 2013, p. 18
- ↑ M. Luzar, "Zakaj so umirale školjke v Krki? (German: Why did mussels die in the Krka?)", Dolenjske Novice-tedenska priloga Dolenjskega lista, leto 9, št. 34, August 22, 2013, p. 1
- ↑ a b c Ivan Stopar: Gradovi na Slovenskem , Ljubljana 1987, ISBN 86-361-0280-4 ('Castles in Slovenia')
- ^ Jože Gregorič: Sveti Kozma in Damjan - Krka na Dolenjskem. Ljubljana 1977 ('The Saints Cosmas and Damian - Gurk in the Lower Carniola')
