Artificial pond

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The dam of the middle basement neck pond, an artificial pond of the Upper Harz water shelf

An artificial pond is a term used in historical mining and its technology . These ponds were dammed by the installation of barricades ( dams , dams ) and were used to supply power and water to the mining industry. With the stored water, water wheels could be operated to drive so-called arts for the generation of mechanical energy , for example for lifting systems , for dewatering , for stamping works or for washing . In principle, all artificial ponds are small dams . The oldest still operating dams in Germany are artificial ponds.

The supply and forwarding of the water and the connections between the artificial ponds takes place above ground via artificial trenches and underground through so-called florets . If the water is made of artificial ponds for the smelting of ores used it is also called cottage ponds .

The Freiberg Revierwasserlaufanstalt in the Eastern Ore Mountains in the former Freiberg mining district (10 ponds) is an extensive, still preserved system of artificial ponds and florets . There are other very large systems in the Upper Harz around Clausthal-Zellerfeld ( Upper Harz water shelf , 65 ponds) and in the Lower Harz around Straßberg ( Lower Harz pond and ditch system , 27 ponds with 1.75 million m³ of storage space).

Examples of preserved artificial ponds

literature

  • Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler: The Freiberg mining: Technical monuments and history . 2nd edition, Springer Spectrum German publishing house for basic industry, Berlin-Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 978-3-662-44763-5 .
  • Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz . 3rd edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .

See also