Kurt Fried

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Kurt Fried (born March 30, 1906 in Aschersleben , † March 22, 1981 in Ulm ) was a German publicist , art collector and publisher of the Schwäbische Donau-Zeitung .

Life

Kurt Fried was the child of Franz Friedrich, owner of the Pallas shoe store in Ulm, and Martha Fried. In 1912 the family moved to Ulm, where Kurt attended school until 1923. He then completed a commercial apprenticeship. In 1926 he volunteered at the Ulmer Abendpost , the party newspaper of the DDP . In 1930 the newspaper was discontinued.

Fried enrolled as a guest student at the University of Munich and attended seminars in German , archeology and theater studies between 1930 and 1933 . He was also an editor and editor in a publishing house, lectured at the Ulm Adult Education Center and wrote theater and art reviews .

In 1933, the Reichsschrifttumskammer refused to accept him because his father was of Jewish descent and therefore, according to the National Socialists, Fried should be considered a half-Jew . In order to ensure the family's economic survival, Franz Fried transferred the Pallas shoe store to his Aryan wife Martha in May 1933. On November 30, 1938, after the ordinance on the elimination of Jews from German economic life came into effect, the father handed the shoe store over to Kurt Fried with the help of the auditor Robert Scholl (1891–1973). From 1940 to the closure of the shoe store in 1943 due to the use of the rooms for purposes important to the war effort, Kurt Fried worked in the shoe store as managing director.

In 1937 Fried published two books under the name of his wife Elsie Gotsmann with Gustav Kiepenheuer , but was then officially banned from publication by the Gestapo . In 1939/40 he hoped that his father would be released from prison through his voluntary military service, but was himself released in July 1940 as a “ Jewish mixed race ”. Despite this "flaw" he was drafted into the armaments service in 1943/44 and did his job as a tool grinder. In 1944 he was sent to the Leimbach forced labor camp in the Harz Mountains and remained there until liberation by the American troops in 1945.

After his return to Ulm he received a newspaper license together with Johannes Weißer and Paul Thielemann and published the Schwäbische Donau-Zeitung . Between 1946 and 1948 he published other books of his own. At the same time he was cultural representative of the city of Ulm from 1945 to 1950.

From 1954 to 1960 he worked as editor- in- chief in his newspaper and then until his death as head of the cultural department with a focus on cultural policy and criticism. In 1968 the newspaper was renamed Südwest Presse .

The art collector Fried was a great fan of contemporary art. In 1959 he opened his own art gallery, studio f , which he managed himself until his death in 1981. In 1978 he bequeathed his considerable private collection of 20th century art to the Ulm Museum .

In his third marriage, Kurt Fried was married to Inge Ruthardt from 1957. This marriage has three children: the television presenter and author Amelie Fried and two younger sons, Nico Fried (actually: Nicolaus Florian Fried, publicist, currently SZ) and Rainer Fried (musical director and producer).

Volunteering

Kurt Fried was both politically and culturally involved. From 1949 to 1957 he was a member of the Ulm City Council, initially as a member of the Democratic People's Party , of which he was also a member in 1949, and from 1953, after he left, for the Free Voting Community .

He was a member of boards, committees and advisory boards of various cultural institutions:

  • Member of the Board of Trustees of the Ulm Adult Education Center and the Münster Building Committee (1949)
  • Kunstverein Ulm (Chairman, 1952–1959)
  • Kulturinitiative Gesellschaft 1950 eV (board member 1960–1972)
  • Ulm University Working Group (1960–1967)
  • Advisory Board of the University Society (1960–1981)
  • Member of the board of the community for the new building of the Ulm Theater (1963)

For his services to art and culture in Ulm, he was awarded the city's citizen medal in 1976.

Works

Authorship

  • Ulm Adult Education Center . Graphic Art Institute, Ulm 1946
  • Dictionary German – English / English – German with pronouns (arrangement, with Hedwig Frommann and Ludwig Hepperle). 2 volumes. Ebner, Ulm 1946
  • Beloved city. Pictures from old Ulm . Ebner, Ulm 1946
  • About moving things. Contributions and reflections . Ebner, Ulm 1947
  • Beyond the day. Considerations and remarks . Ebner, Ulm 1947
  • The Wall Trail. Narratives . Ebner, Ulm 1948

Editing

  • German letters of love and friendship . Kiepenheuer, Berlin 1937; 3. A. ibid. 1943
  • Philipp Otto Runge : Letters and Poems . Kiepenheuer, Berlin 1937

literature

  • Amelie Fried : Pallas shoe store. How my family resisted the Nazis . Hanser, Munich 2008; extended: dtv, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-423-62464-0 (family biography from the perspective of Kurt Fried's daughter).
  • Inge Fried: Matzo with beet syrup . In: Lillian Gewirtzman and Karla Nieraad (eds.): After the silence. Stories of descendants . Ulm 2016, ISBN 978-3-86281-105-2 (autobiographical reflection of Kurt Fried's wife).
  • Jürgen Morschel: Corpse in the garden: Ten years of "studio f" . In: Merian, Ulm , Heft 8, Hamburg 1969. (p. 45)
  • Frank Raberg : Biographical Lexicon for Ulm and Neu-Ulm 1802-2009 . Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft im Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7995-8040-3 , p. 109 f .
  • Brigitte Reinhardt (Ed.): KF Kurt Fried in honor. Memories of a critic, promoter and collector of avant-garde art . Catalog for the exhibition from April 7th to May 20th 1991 in the Ulmer Museum , Ulm 1991 DNB 920284043 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Amelie Fried: The Pallas shoe store in Ulm and the fate of the Fried family . In: Heinz Högerle, Dr. Peter Müller, Dr. Martin Ulmer (Ed.): Exclusion - Robbery - Destruction. Nazi actors and "Volksgemeinschaft" against the Jews in Württemberg and Hohenzollern 1933 to 1945 . Verlagsbüro Högerle, Horb 2019, ISBN 978-3-945414-69-9 , p. 584 .
  2. ↑ Rogue with depth politik & kommunikation, November 1, 2008, accessed on May 23, 2016.
  3. ^ Farewell to Ulm ( Memento from May 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Südwest Presse, January 7, 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Fried, Kurt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gotsmann, Elsie (pseudonym 1937)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publicist, editor and patron of the arts
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Aschersleben
DATE OF DEATH March 22, 1981
Place of death Ulm