Praise not

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Wall fortifications and cities of Königsberg (1626)

The Löbenicht (or Löbnicht ) was one of the three original settlement centers in the city of Königsberg , east of the old town. In 1785 the Anger des Steegen belonged to it and, in suburbs, the Roßgarten , the Neue Sorge , the Sackheim and the Burg Freiheit .

Surname

The name is Prussian from "loba": valley, to derive deepening. A river Lebo is said to have flowed here (probably the Katzbach), which connected the castle pond with the Pregel before it was dammed . It cannot be ruled out that the Löbenhospital is not identical to the former fishing village of Lipnick , on the grounds of which the Löbenhospital nunnery was built. In this case the derivation of Prussian “lipe, leipo” = linden tree.

history

The exact origin of the Löbe is not known, but it certainly existed in the year 1300, when Commander Berthold Brühan gave it the first privilege . The district was created by initially isolated new buildings on the other side of the Katzbach and beyond the city walls and was called Neustadt. In 1414 many houses from Löbenicht were torn down by angry old townspeople, allegedly because they were too close to the city wall. They were sentenced to a fine of 500 marks. The Löbenicht city coat of arms was held by two brown angels and contains two vertical stars in a gray field, one above and one below a brown gold-plated crown.

In addition to the old town and the Kneiphof , the Löbe was not an independent town, which was mainly characterized by craft businesses. The city of Königsberg was formed from this tri-city in 1724. The Löbenicht grew closer and closer to the old town and, in terms of urban planning, formed its eastern continuation. The residents of the three old parts of the city were exempt from billeting in kind and many houses had special privileges such as fixed taxes and the permit to brew beer. Between 1721 and 1803 there were 86 malt brewhouses in Löbenicht alone. The guild chambers of the upper classes were also located in these districts. The freedom of Anger and Steegen, with which the Sudauer prince Skomand was enfeoffed, did not belong to the Löben . The Altroßgarten and Sackheim followed further to the east .

"In the old town the power,
in the Kneiphof the splendor,
in the Löbenicht the field,
on the Sackheim the rascals."

- Königsberg verse

In 1764 a large part of the city was destroyed by a city fire. In a note in the Löbenicht church book, M. Gottlieb Richter writes:

“Anno 1764 November 11th as a cathedral. 21 p. Trin. and 7 o'clock in the evening a big storm from the southeast (and thunderstorms) caused a fire in the sailmaker's booth on the Lastadie through a pot of coals (which were not completely extinguished and which were kindled again by the storm) , which immediately ... Libra and the 8 royal. Magazine storage also seized the sparks over the Kneiphoff (and part of the old town) into which Münchhoff threw, and that into a straw magazine. As a result, our dear town of Löbenicht caught fire, causing the Löbenicht council house and one whole side of the Langgasse, and half of it on the other side, the Klostergasse, the great royal. Hospital with ... church, our beautiful church, the parish ..., school, bell ..., the city courtyard, ...., the wood combing with the royal. Holzgarten, the Roman Catholic Church and Monastery, the Sackheim Church and a large part of the Sackheim except for a few houses ... have been cremated. On the 11th and 12th of November this area was in full flames, and the fire was only dimmed on the 13th of November at 7 o'clock in the morning so that it did not spread any further. So there are 4 churches, 39 Mälzenbräuer houses, 49 granaries, 321 houses besides the public ... public buildings burned down. "

Large parts of the Löbenicht (Russian Лёбенихт , Polish Lipnik ) were destroyed in the bombing raid on Königsberg on August 29, 1944 and the storm on Königsberg , which ended on April 9, 1945 . At the site of the former urban area, there are now extensive green spaces and two large apartment blocks in prefabricated construction.

Sacred buildings

Löbenichtsche Church
  • The landmark of the small-scale suburb was the Löbenicht church on the mountain. This parish church was dedicated to St. John and St. Barbara.
  • The nunnery was built in 1333. It was created through a vow made by Dusener von Arfberg , which Kniprode fulfilled. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Benedict .
  • Around 1517, the “gray monks” built a monastery, but they were driven out by the Reformation before it could be completed. This area was called Münchhof .

In 1785 the following churches are listed: Löbenicht Parish Church, Royal Hospital Church, Royal Lutheran Castle Church, German Reformed Parochial Church, Polish Reformed Church, Sackheim Church, Lithuanian Lutheran Church, Church in the Royal Orphanage, Roman Catholic Church, old Roßgärtsche Church, French Reformed Church , Tragheim Church, Church in the Spinnhaus, Church of the Collegii Fridericiani and the garrison church belonging to the French Reformed parish, which belonged to the regiment v. Stutterheim was rented.

In 1820 the Royal Hospital Church, the Castle Church, which emerged from the German Reformed Parochial Church, the Polish Castle Church, the Sackheim Church, the Roman Catholic Church of St. John the Baptist, the Altroßgärt Church, the French Church and the Church of the Collegii Fridericiani belong to the Löbenicht .

Löbenichtsches Hospital

In 1528 Duke Albrecht granted the old towners the Holy Spirit Hospital for the construction of residential houses and in 1531 made the nunnery on the Löbenicht a hospital and smallpox house . In 1764 it did not fall victim to the great fire of the Löben. A number of the mentally ill perished. The altars were saved. The new building of the hospital was consecrated in 1772, demolished in 1903 due to dilapidation and rebuilt in Heidemannstrasse. The beautiful Rococo portal was implemented there.

literature

in order of appearance

  • Description of the praise not . In: Erleutertes Preußen , 37th piece, Königsberg 1726, pp. 1–35.
  • Johann Goldbeck: Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. First part, which contains the topography of East Prussia . Phil. Chr. Kanter, Königsberg and Leipzig 1785; Reprint: Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1990.
  • Ludwig von Baczko : An attempt at a history and description of Königsberg . Koenigsberg 1804.
  • Samuel Gottlieb Wald : Topographical overview of the administrative district of the Royal Prussian Government in Königsberg in Prussia . Heinrich Degen, Königsberg 1820.
  • Adolf Boetticher : The architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia , Issue 7: Königsberg . Teichert, Königsberg 1897.
  • Caspar Stein: The old Königsberg. A detailed description of the three cities of Königsberg including their suburbs and freedoms as they were in 1644 . In: Special publications of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia . No. 91 . Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-931577-14-7 .
  • Georg Gerullis : The old Prussian place names . Association of Scientific Publishers, Berlin, Leipzig 1922.
  • Georg Dehio (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , revised. by Ernst Gall. Part: Teutonic Order of Prussia , edited with the assistance of Bernhard Schmid and Grete Tiemann. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin, Munich 1952.
  • Fritz Gause : Königsberg in Prussia . Rautenberg, Leer 1987.
  • Anatolij Bachtin, Gerhard Doliesen: Forgotten culture. Churches in North East Prussia. A documentation . Husum Verlag, Husum, 2nd edition 1998, ISBN 3-88042-849-2 .
  • Baldur Köster: Königsberg. Architecture from the German Era , Husum, Husum, 2000, ISBN 3-88042-923-5 .
  • East Prussia - Documentation of a historical province. The photographic collection of the Provincial Monuments Office in Königsberg , edited by the German Historical Institute in Warsaw, the Institute for Art Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the State Archives in Allenstein and the Museum for Warmia and Masuria, Warsaw 2006. ISBN 83-89101-44-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Copy of the original entry at https://www.archion.de Ostgebiete: Evang. Central Archive Berlin> District of Königsberg-Stadt (Province of East Prussia)> Königsberg in Prussia, Löbenicht> Other directories 1764-1765
  2. ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon . Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
  3. ↑ The CD with 7,900 pictures is available from the German Cultural Forum for Eastern Europe. V. available in Potsdam.

Web links


Coordinates: 54 ° 43 '  N , 20 ° 31'  E