Löwen Pharmacy (Lübeck)

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Lion Pharmacy (2006)
Maria Slavona: Cellar vault of the Löwen Pharmacy (1881)
Floor tile from the lion pharmacy (14th century)
Facade with a former Renaissance portal
CJ Milde: Late Romanesque rear facade still with the stepped gable around 1850

The Löwen pharmacy is one of the oldest secular buildings in the world cultural heritage of Lübeck's old town. The partly Romanesque structure goes back to the time before the great Lübeck city fires of the 13th century. The establishment of the pharmacy was made possible during the Lübeck French period in 1812 by the freedom of trade that came into being.

History of the house

Patrician house (from approx. 1230)

The property at Dr.-Julius-Leber-Straße 13 (formerly: Johannisstraße ) on the corner of Königstraße was built with the brick gabled house around 1230 by the Lübeck councilor Bertram Stalbuk . The property of the property remained in the Stalbuk family until 1313 and was then sold to the councilor Johannes Clendenst and remained with the Clendenst until 1357 and is then occupied as the residence of councilor Arnold Pleskow . An externally visible sign from the time of construction is the late Romanesque gable of the house at the back. After the two big city ​​fires of 1251 and 1276, the house received the Gothic main gable on Johannisstraße in 1358. The smaller side gable to the left of it dates from 1403. After various owners in frequent changes, the councilor and later mayor of Lübeck, Gottfried Travelmann, acquired the building in 1375 as a property of his wife from her previous second marriage to Arnold Pleskow. In the same year, Emperor Charles IV visited the city. Empress Elisabeth stayed in the Travelmann house, which was specially equipped for the visit with a wooden bridge over Königstrasse to the neighboring corner house as the emperor's residence, so that the two could socialize without being noticed by the onlookers. The house was the residence of the councilor and later mayor Tidemann Steen from 1416 to 1441 . The mayor Bertold Witig acquired the house in 1460 and extended it so that the building got the dimensions it still has today. In the period from 1512 to 1527 the house was the residence of the mayor Thomas von Wickede and, in keeping with the Renaissance design, the house was given a splendid portal, which is still preserved on drawings from the 19th century as a view, albeit overmolded with classical plaster. Wickedes heirs sold to the councilor Gotthard von Hoeveln , who lived here from 1541 to 1550. His son, the mayor Gotthard V. von Hoeveln , also lived in the corner house on Königstrasse. In 1706 the Holstein politician Christoph Gensch von Breitenau moved into the house and lived there until his death.

Pharmacy (from 1812), fire, monument protection (1967)

In 1812 the pharmacist Adolf Christoph Sager bought the house and founded the Löwen pharmacy here . One of his successors, Theodor Schorer , added a side wing to the rear in the second half of the 19th century and removed the stairs of the late Romanesque gable at the back. The gable in its original form is documented in a pencil sketch by Lübeck's first curator, Carl Julius Milde . Towards the end of the 19th century, the pharmacist Adolf Brandt intended to demolish the uneconomical building. Erich Mühsam , then apprentice pharmacist and later writer , wrote anonymously appeals that resulted in the 25,000 gold marks collected by the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities in 1901 preventing the demolition and the preservation of historical monuments being contractually secured by entering a limited personal easement in the land register. As a result of the air raid on Lübeck in March 1942 , the inside of the Löwen pharmacy burned out and was rebuilt by the architect Carl Mühlenpfordt during the war . The facade of the building has been a listed building since 1967 .

History of the pharmacy and its pharmacists

Adolph Christoph Sager

The pharmacy system in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck had been regulated as a monopoly in the form of the Ratsapotheke that was established in 1412 since the advent of pharmacies. In addition, around 1800 there was only the small pharmacy , which was created in 1632 , from which today's Adler pharmacy emerged . Adolph Christoph Sager (1771–1852), who came from the island of Poel , was given the position of council pharmacist from the Senate from 1802 to Michaelis in 1810. In 1806 the Ratsapotheke was plundered by the French troops after the battle of Lübeck . The French occupation brought freedom of trade. Sager applied for permission to found a private pharmacy and in 1811 no longer took part in the tender for the further lease of the Ratsapotheke from 1812 onwards. On April 15, 1812, he announced the opening of the Löwen Pharmacy at Johannisstrasse 5. At the same time, in the wake of the introduced freedom of trade, other privately run pharmacies were created in the city, such as the Half Moon Pharmacy in Sandstrasse , the Sonnenapotheke , and others. The new leaseholder of the Ratsapotheke could not afford the lease because of this competition and already failed in 1813. Sager was temporarily given back the supervision of the Ratsapotheke. After the French withdrew at the end of 1813, all pharmacists hurried to have the approval patents granted to them by the French confirmed by the returned Senate of the city. This license was granted personally by the bet after reviewing the operations against payment of an annual license fee of 500 Lübische Mark Courant , the pharmacy recognition . The handover of the Löwen-Apotheke to the son Johann Carl August Sager succeeded in 1832, but the successor died tragically on May 22, 1834. Sager took over the management again and looked again for a suitable acquirer who was acceptable to the Senate, whom he ten years later Found in Heinrich Joachim Versmann in 1844 .

Right from the start, Sager's nephew Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge worked as an apprentice for him, who became the founder of tar paint chemistry with the discovery of aniline .

Heinrich Joachim Versmann

Heinrich Joachim Versmann , who came from Tönning , had studied in Hamburg and had worked as an assistant in Oldenburg in Holstein , Preetz and with the well-known pharmacist Christian Wilhelm Hermann Trommsdorff in Erfurt , son of Professor Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff , who also worked in Erfurt . He enrolled at the University of Kiel in spring 1840 and passed his examination at the Schleswig-Holstein Medical College by the end of the year. He then became an assistant in the Eutiner Hof pharmacy until he took over the Löwen pharmacy in 1844. Versmann soon fell seriously ill with rheumatism and therefore sold the Löwen pharmacy to Theodor Schorer in 1862 .

Theodor Schorer

Theodor Schorer came from Trittau . He had learned in the pharmacy in Segeberg and from 1859 studied at the University of Kiel . In 1861 he passed his examination before the Schleswig-Holstein Medical College and then independently ran a pharmacy in Hamburg. In 1861/62 he visited the University of Kiel again to deepen his knowledge of chemistry. Schorer ran the pharmacy from 1862 to 1892. As a chemist and as a politician in the Lübeck citizenship against the background of the cholera epidemics of the 19th century, he made a contribution to the quality of Lübeck's drinking water . His daughters Cornelia Schorer and Maria Slavona made a name for themselves far away from the pharmaceutical industry. After the sale of the Löwen pharmacy, Schorer continued to work as a court chemist with his own laboratory.

Pharmacist's Gallery

  • Adolph Christoph Sager

  • Heinrich Joachim Versmann

  • Theodor Schorer

See also

literature

  • Johannes Baltzer : Reconstruction and restoration of the house of the lion pharmacy in Lübeck. In: Die Denkmalpflege , Volume 3, No. 6 (May 8, 1901), pp. 41–43.
  • Emil Ferdinand Fehling : Lübeck Council Line. Lübeck 1925.
  • Klaus J. Groth : Lübeck World Heritage Site - listed houses. Schmidt-Römhild , Lübeck 1999, ISBN 3-7950-1231-7
  • Joachim Niendorf: 150 years of Löwen Pharmacy in Lübeck 1812–1962. 48 pages, unpaginated, self-published, Lübeck 1962.

Web links

Commons : Leuven Pharmacy  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Emperor Karl IV. In Lübeck (Sage)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling: Council line no. 128; Fritz Rörig : Lübeck families and personalities from the early days of the city. In: Hanseatic contributions to German economic history. Breslau 1928, pp. 131-132.
  2. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling: Council Line No. 285.
  3. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling: Council Line No. 383.
  4. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling, Council Line No. 406.
  5. ↑ Joachim Niendorf with reference to Ernst Deecke : Lübsche Gesichten und Sagen Lübeck 1925 pp. 151–155.
    Klaus J. Groth: Lübeck World Heritage Site - listed houses. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1999, ISBN 3-7950-1231-7 , names Gerhard Darsow as the owner for 1375 .
    According to Emil Ferdinand Fehling: Council line no. 412: Gerhard Darsow was the owner of the house at Königstrasse 41, where Charles IV lived.
  6. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling: Council Line No. 521.
  7. ^ Joachim Niendorf: 150 Years of the Löwen Pharmacy in Lübeck 1812–1962. 48 pages, unpaginated, self-published, Lübeck 1962: The house was only given No. 13 through later renumbering.
  8. ^ Theodor Schorer: Lübeck's drinking water. Lübeck 1877; same: Chemical investigations to determine the influence of the sewer pipes of the city of Lübeck on the surrounding waters. Lübeck 1883.

Coordinates: 53 ° 52 '4.9 "  N , 10 ° 41' 16.8"  E