Lanciano

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Lanciano
coat of arms
Lanciano (Italy)
Lanciano
Country Italy
region Abruzzo
province Chieti  (CH)
Coordinates 42 ° 14 '  N , 14 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 14 '0 "  N , 14 ° 23' 0"  E
height 265  m slm
surface 66 km²
Residents 34,855 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 528 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 66034
prefix 0872
ISTAT number 069046
Popular name Lancianesi
Patron saint Madonna del Ponte
Website Lanciano
View of Lanciano
View of Lanciano

Lanciano is an Italian municipality in the province of Chieti (Abruzzo) with 34,855 inhabitants .

geography

The community extends over approx. 66 km².

The neighboring municipalities are: Atessa , Castel Frentano , Fossacesia , Frisa , Mozzagrogna , Orsogna , Paglieta , Poggiofiorito , Rocca San Giovanni , San Vito Chietino , Sant'Eusanio del Sangro and Treglio .

The municipality is located around 50 kilometers from the capital of the province, the city of Chieti and 13 kilometers from the Adriatic coast.

history

Lanciano was founded in pre-Christian times and belonged to the habitat of the Samnites , who were subjugated by the Romans in the Samnite Wars . The city was called Anxanum in antiquity and was ruled by Byzantines after the end of the Western Roman Empire until the conquest by the Lombards in the 6th century . The current name has been passed down since the 13th century. According to a legend, Lanciano is the birthplace of St. Longinus , who has been venerated in the city from ancient times and is said to have died here too.

Bishopric

On April 27, 1515, the Archdiocese of Lanciano-Ortona was established by Pope Leo X. Episcopal Church ( Cathedral ) is the Basilica della Madonna del Ponte .

fascism

After Italy entered the war in June 1940, the fascist regime set up an internment camp ( campo di concentramento ) for women in Lanciano . It was located in Villa Sorge , a country house not far from the town center. The first internees were "foreign women from hostile nations", including Jewish women. In February 1942, the inmates who remained in the camp came to Pollenza . Lanciano became a men's camp and took in Yugoslavs from the areas occupied and annexed by Italy. The living conditions were extremely modest; There was - apart from a tap in an outer courtyard - no running water, the hygienic conditions were accordingly precarious. The building was poorly insulated and insufficiently heated in winter. Many inmates have been transferred to prison after protesting the poor quality of the food. In September 1943, many inmates left the camp, which was finally closed in mid-October.

In 2013 the street that passed Parco delle Memorie and Villa Sorge was named after Maria Eisenstein. ( Location ) The woman from Vienna (born Maria Luisa Moldauer, * 1914 - † 1994) was one of the inmates of the internment camp in Villa Sorge . She survived fascism and occupation and has described life in the camp in detail in the book "L'internata number 6".

Also interned in Villa Sorge was Susanne Levinger (1914-2001) from Cologne, who was able to flee from the camp there after she was transferred to Pollenza and stayed near Lanciano, in San Vito Marina , until her death in 2001 . lived.

German occupation

On October 5, 1943, after the murder of the resistance fighter Trentino La Barba, there was a popular uprising of the residents of Lanciano against the German occupiers, who, due to the persistence of the resistance, had to deploy several battalions and armored units to break it. After the reprisals of the German troops, Lanciano became the target of the advancing Allies, whose artillery left the city in ruins. After the Allied conquest, German aircraft bombed Lanciano, which lost more than 500 lives between October 1943 and June 1944. During these nine months the city provided numerous resistance fighters and partisans. After the war, the city of Lanciano was awarded a high order.

The Eucharistic Miracle

At the beginning of the 1970s, Lanciano became known nationwide as the scene of a Eucharistic miracle that has been proven to have been located here since the 17th century and which is said to have occurred in the early Middle Ages. The relics, a human heart disc of unknown origin and several remains of blood, are exhibited in the Church of San Francesco , the monastery church of the Minorites in Piazza Plebiscito , in which there is a place of worship for the miracle ( Santuario del Miracolo Eucaristico ) built in 1902 .

Memorial in honor of the murdered Sinti and Roma

In October 2018, a memorial was inaugurated in the Parco delle Memorie on Via Maria Eisenstein in memory of the Völkermard against the Roma and Sinti during the time of fascism and the German occupation. At the foot of the memorial the poem Auschwitz by Santino Spinelli is engraved, which is also part of the memorial dedicated to the Sinti and Roma of Europe murdered under National Socialism, which was inaugurated in Berlin in 2012 . Lanciano was the first city in Italy and the second in Europe after Berlin to erect a memorial to commemorate the extermination of the Roma and Sinti.

Culinary specialties

In the municipality of vines are varieties Montepulciano for the DOC - wine Montepulciano d'Abruzzo grown.

Lanciano is a center for the production of a well-known Abruzzo specialty, bocconotto (literally “bite”), a pastry made from filled shortcrust pastry. There are very traditional pastry shops that exclusively make bocconotti according to secret home recipes.

Town twinning

Sister cities of Lanciano are Berazategui (Argentina), Qala (Malta), Vaughan (Ontario) (Canada), Visegrád (Hungary) and Riedenburg (Germany).

Personalities

Attractions

Unfortunately, there are no pictures on WikimediaCommons of the memorials in Lanciano that keep memories of the events during fascism and the German occupation alive. See: Memorial sites Europe 1939-1945: Lanciano ( web links ).

  • Ponte Diocleziano

  • Torre Campanaria and Town Hall

  • Basilica di Santa Maria del Ponte

  • Piazza Plebiscito

  • S. Maria Maggiore Church ( Campanile )

  • S. Maria Maggiore Church (main portal)

  • Torri Montanare

  • Fontana di Civitanova

literature

  • Christian Hülsen : Anxanum 1 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume I, 2, Stuttgart 1894, Col. 2652.
  • Maria Eisenstein: L'internata numero 6 , Mimesis, Milano, 2014, ISBN 9788857528243 . In the book, Maria Eisenstein reports on her imprisonment in the Lanciano camp. In Lanciano , the Via Maria Eisenstein, which runs past Parco delle Memorie , has been a reminder of them and the fate of the internees since 2013 .
  • Gianni Orecchioni: I sassi e le ombre. Storie di internamento e di confino nell'Italia fascista: Lanciano 1940-1943 , Edizioni di storia e letteratura, Roma, 2006, ISBN 88-8498-290-1 .

Web links

Commons : Lanciano  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Carlo Spartaco Capogreco, I Campi del duce. L'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940-1943), Torino 2004 (Einaudi), pp. 217-219; Klaus Voigt, Refuge on Revocation. Exile in Italy 1933-1945 (Volume 2), Stuttgart 1993 (Klett-Cotta), pp. 61-63
  3. ↑ a b Memorials Europe 1939-1945: Lanciano . Google Maps does not know this street between Via Belvedere and Via Giovanni Petragnani, although it has had this name since 2013.
  4. ↑ Gianni Orecchioni writes about their fate in his book I sassi e le ombre , on which the documentary "Susanne Lewinger, una vita nel novecento" by Alberto Gagliardo is based. ( Susanne Lewinger, a life in the twentieth century ) For further internment dates of Susanne Levinger and others see also: Susanne Lewinger in the database "Ebrei stranieri internati in Italia durante il periodo bellico"
  5. ↑ Comune di Lanciano: 75 ° anniversario della Rivolta Lancianese del 5-6 ottobre 1943 , PROGRAM 2018, 01 October 2018
  6. ↑ www.comuni-italiani.it