State election in Hesse in 1987
The elections for the 12th Hessian Landtag took place on April 5, 1987.
initial situation
In the previous state elections in 1983 , the "Hessian conditions" were confirmed. With the renewed appearance of the Greens in the state parliament, neither the SPD nor the CDU / FDP had the opportunity to form a government on their own.
The early state elections on September 25, 1983 resulted in the following picture:
| Political party | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 46.2% | 51 |
| CDU | 39.4% | 44 |
| FDP | 7.9% | 8th |
| GREEN | 5.9% | 7th |
*) To 100 missing percent = parties not represented in the state parliament
Despite the clear distancing of the SPD from the Greens during the election campaign ( Holger Börner's statement became known: “Photos with me and the Greens at a negotiating table will not even be seen as a montage”), a red-green collaboration took place.
In June 1984, Holger Börner was elected Prime Minister with the votes of the Greens. In October 1985 the first red-green coalition finally came about in the Federal Republic . Both the tolerance phase and the coalition time were determined by the conflict between “ Fundis ” and “ Realos ” on the part of the Greens and various conflicts between the coalition partners SPD and Greens. The opposition and parts of the press spoke of the "red-green chaos".
In February 1987 the coalition broke up over the dispute over the approval for the Hanau nuclear company Alkem . In April 1987 new elections were held.
Election campaign
In addition to the public conflicts between and within the governing parties, school policy was the focus of the election campaign. The SPD had initially postponed the introduction of the comprehensive school as the only type of school , which was planned at the end of the 1970s, after massive parental protests in the early 1980s. The central objective of the SPD education policy was the introduction of a compulsory conveyor level (a common informing the students of the fifth and sixth grade), which rejected the CDU as "force feed stage". In 1984, two thirds of the eleven and twelve year olds attended this “support level”. Before the election, Minister of Education and Culture Krollmann introduced a new school law that was to stipulate the compulsory level of support for everyone. The Union promoted a liberal school policy with the motto "freedom of school" (ie the parents' right to choose between comprehensive school and a structured school system ) and wanted parents to decide on the type of school.
The SPD announced that it wanted to form a red-green coalition again.
The FDP advertised with the slogan “Because mer se need” and “FDP. the key for Hessen "
Top candidates
The SPD no longer ran with Prime Minister Holger Börner, but with Finance Minister Hans Krollmann as the top candidate. The opposing candidate of the CDU was the former Lord Mayor of Frankfurt and acting Federal Environment Minister Walter Wallmann . The FDP's top candidate was Wolfgang Gerhardt . The Greens went into the election campaign with a dual leadership. Iris Blaul and Joschka Fischer headed the Greens list.
Official end result
The new election on April 5, 1987 resulted in the following result:
| Political party | agree completely |
percent | Electoral kreisbe- tors |
Direct MAN date |
Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eligible voters | 4,167,871 | ||||
| Voters | 3,346,992 | 80.30 | |||
| Valid votes | 3,313,184 | 98.99 | |||
| CDU | 1,395,411 | 42.12 | 55 | 29 | 47 |
| SPD | 1,331,760 | 40.20 | 55 | 26th | 44 |
| GREEN | 311,395 | 9.40 | 55 | 10 | |
| FDP | 259.133 | 7.82 | 55 | 9 | |
| DKP | 9,168 | 0.28 | 55 | ||
| ÖDP | 4,627 | 0.14 | 23 | ||
| WOMEN | 1.004 | 0.03 | 7th | ||
| Invalid | 244 | 0.01 | 2 | ||
| COLORFUL | 190 | 0.01 | 2 | ||
| Responsible citizens | 129 | 0.00 | 1 | ||
| Eco | 123 | 0.00 | 1 | ||
| Total | 3,313,184 | 100 | 311 | 55 | 110 |
The election result was unusually close. When all the electoral districts selected for the projections were counted at around 8:30 p.m., the pollsters could still not say for sure whether there would be a stalemate or a black-and-yellow majority. It was only when the preliminary official final result was announced at 9:15 p.m. (the counting was carried out in record time) that it was clear that the CDU and FDP had achieved a majority capable of governing.
Elective test
The election review court at the Hessian state parliament ruled against the objections to the election in a judgment of 10 December 1987 and declared the election to be valid.
Election analysis
The result of the state election was quite unusual in the history of the Federal Republic: parties that formed the federal government succeeded in replacing the government provided by the opposition in a state election. The federal government tends to lose out in the state elections ( memorandum elections ).
The close proximity to the federal election is also cited as the reason that the election ended in favor of the Bonn government parties. So shortly after the election there were still no decisions by the newly confirmed federal government that would have led to votes in the country against the CDU and FDP.
| 18-24 years | 25-34 years | 35-44 years | 45-54 years | 60 years and older | All | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| men and women | ||||||
| voter turnout | 68.5 | 72.0 | 77.9 | 84.3 | 83.7 | 78.7 |
| CDU | 33.9 | 30.8 | 38.7 | 44.3 | 48.8 | 41.2 |
| SPD | 41.5 | 40.7 | 40.7 | 42.7 | 41.3 | 41.5 |
| Green | 17.7 | 22.3 | 11.2 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 9.0 |
| FDP | 6.3 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| Others | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Men | ||||||
| voter turnout | 70.8 | 72.5 | 78.6 | 84.6 | 88.0 | 80.0 |
| CDU | 36.0 | 31.8 | 37.5 | 44.3 | 48.7 | 40.9 |
| SPD | 40.7 | 41.0 | 41.2 | 42.8 | 40.2 | 41.3 |
| Green | 16.3 | 20.9 | 11.7 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 9.2 |
| FDP | 6.4 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 8.0 |
| Others | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Women | ||||||
| voter turnout | 66.3 | 71.4 | 77.1 | 84.0 | 81.1 | 77.7 |
| CDU | 31.6 | 29.8 | 39.9 | 44.2 | 48.9 | 41.5 |
| SPD | 42.3 | 40.4 | 40.1 | 42.6 | 42.0 | 41.6 |
| Green | 19.2 | 23.7 | 10.8 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 8.9 |
| FDP | 6.3 | 5.6 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
| Others | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Consequences
Hesse
After the CDU won the elections, a coalition with the FDP came about. The former Lord Mayor of Frankfurt am Main (1977 to 1986) and Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (1986 to 1987) Walter Wallmann (CDU) became the new Prime Minister ( Wallmann cabinet ). This is the first time the CDU has provided a Prime Minister of Hesse.
The SPD initially found it difficult in the unfamiliar opposition role in Hesse. Parts of the party blamed Hans Krollmann for the election defeat. On February 22, 1988 Ernst Welteke took over the chairmanship of the SPD.
The new CDU / FDP coalition implemented its plans for freedom of school with the law to restore free school choice in the state of Hesse .
The SPD managed to delay the passage of the law for a short time. The FDP MP Eberhard Weghorn suffered a serious car accident in May 1987 and was in a coma. Since the state government Walter Wallmann only had one vote majority in the state parliament, this meant that the opposition consisting of the SPD and the Greens was able to delay the passage of the law to restore free school elections in the state of Hesse . By leaving the plenary hall, the two opposition factions made the state parliament incapable of making decisions. This boycott was so badly received by the public that the law could pass the state parliament at the next session.
Beyond Hessen
The election result was generally attributed to state politics. The Federal Government nevertheless saw itself confirmed by the result. However, the rule that the federal government loses in the states was confirmed in the subsequent state elections in Hamburg.
See also
literature
- The state elections in Hesse in 1987 . Booklet 4: Final Results . Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1987. Statistical Reports, Series B VII 2.
- Ordinance on the day of the 1987 state elections, February 17, 1987, GVBl I p. 25
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ State elections in Hesse 1946–2009. Hessian State Statistical Office
- ↑ Bernd Erich Heptner: A wet razor and continuous cooperation . In: FAZ , November 12, 1983, p. 2
- ^ Coalition agreement 1985 persons (PDF; 197 kB)
- ↑ Coalition Agreement 1985 Contents (PDF; 6.4 MB)
- ^ Anke Petermann : Failure or succeed , in: Deutschlandradio from May 26, 2008
- ↑ Other winners in different weather . In: Der Spiegel . No. 16 , 1987, pp. 22 ( online ).
- ^ Friedrich Naumann Foundation
- ↑ State Gazette for the State of Hesse , No. 16/1987, p. 833 ff.
- ↑ wiesbadener-tagblatt.de ( Memento from May 5, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Judgment of the electoral review court at the Hessian state parliament on the validity of the state election of April 5, 1987 of December 10, 1987 . In: The President of the Hessian Administrative Court (Hrsg.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1988 No. 2 , p. 62 , point 49 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 12.7 MB ]).
- ↑ Gerhard Spörl: From beautiful dream to bad trauma . In: Die Zeit , No. 16/1987
- ↑ Reiner H. Dinkel: Landtag elections under the influence of federal politics . In: Jürgen W. Falter , Hans Rattinger , Klaus G. Troizsch: Elections and political attitudes in the Federal Republic of Germany . Frankfurt 1989, p. 261 ff.
- ↑ Claus A. Fischer: Election Handbook for the Federal Republic of Germany, 1st half volume, 1990, ISBN 3506793144 , p. 639
- ↑ Nice time . In: Der Spiegel . No. 16 , 1987, pp. 28-30 ( online ).
- ↑ You do it . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1988, pp. 86-87 ( online ).