Leea (genus)

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Leea
Leea guineensis

Leea guineensis

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Order : Grapevine-like (vitales)
Family : Grapevines (Vitaceae)
Subfamily : Leeoideae
Genre : Leea
Scientific name of the  subfamily
Leeoideae
Burmeister
Scientific name of the  genus
Leea
D.Royen ex L.

Leea is the only genus of the subfamily Leeoideae within the plant family of the grapevine family (Vitaceae). The 34 or so species arewidespreadin tropical and subtropical Asia , reaching into the Himalayas and Australia , two species are found in Africa and Madagascar .

description

Illustration of Leea indica
Habit, pinnate leaves and inflorescence of Leea philippinensis
Foliage leaves and fruits of Leea indica

Appearance and leaves

In Leea TYPES There are mostly woody plants that climb, so vines are, or self upright as shrubs or small trees rarely grow to be large, perennial herbaceous plants . The shoot axes are unreinforced or have spikes arranged in rows. There are no shoots .

The alternate leaves arranged on the stem axis are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The durable or perishable stipules form conspicuous wings on the edge of the petiole. Depending on the species, the leaf blade is simple, one to four pinnate or rarely divided into three. The tops of the leaves are bald to fluffy and covered with simple hairs ( trichomes ). The undersides of the leaves are usually covered with ephemeral, specialized, multicellular, star-shaped or spherical glandular hairs. The leaf margins are notched, serrated or toothed, with the leaf teeth having small glands on their upper ends.

Inflorescences and flowers

The terminal or lateral, upright or pendulous, compound, panicle or often umbrella-panicle inflorescences usually contain many flowers.

Unlike many species of the Vitoideae subfamily, the flowers of the Leeoideae subfamily are always hermaphroditic. The radial symmetrical flowers are rarely four or mostly five-fold with a double flower envelope . The rarely four, mostly five sepals are fused bell-shaped and end in triangular calyx lobes with glandular upper ends. The seldom four, mostly five only at their base, the petals touch each other without overlapping (valvat), are often cap-shaped at their upper end, bent back when the flowers are open and are fused with the stamen on the disc. The intrastaminal disc is tubular and deeply cup-shaped. There is only the inner circle of the stamen with four or five fertile stamens . Their light brown stamens are flattened and bent inwards and are located in the staminode tube as long as the flowers are closed and especially when the flowers are open. When the flowers are closed, the anthers are upside down and when the flowers are open they protrude far. In the introrsen (sometimes seemingly extrorsen) anthers both pointing toward the flower center pollen sacs are approached each other in the two counters. The other circle of the stamen is transformed into a staminode tube, the upper end of which is five-lobed and fused together by a thinner tissue that is wavy; the upper ends of the lobes are bent back and bilobed. The most two or three, often up to five carpels are an above standing, disc-shaped ovary adherent, which is by secondary septa usually four or six, often up to zehnkammerig; sometimes he has partially sunk into the discus. There is only one anatropic, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule per ovary chamber . The styles, which are long to relatively short, depending on the species, end in a head-shaped or disc-shaped, somewhat thickened stigma.

Fruits and seeds

The flattened, spherical, very dry berries turn purple to black or orange when ripe and usually contain four to six, rarely up to ten seeds. The endosperm is furrowed (ruminate). The embryo is linear in outline.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is x = (10 to) 12. Chromosome numbers of 2n = 24 or 48 (rarely 20, 22 or 28) were determined.

Foliage leaves and inflorescence of Leea rubra .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Leea was first published in 1767 by David van Royen in Carl von Linné : Systema Naturae , 12th Edition, Volume 2, pp. 608, 627. Type species is Leea aequata L. The genus name Leea honors James Lee , a Scottish gardener who worked in Hammersmith (London) and in the 18th century cultivated many newly discovered plant species in England.

Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier published the Leeaceae family in Analysis des Familles de Plantes , pp. 21, 27 in 1829. It was placed in the Vitaceae family as the subfamily Leeoideae Hermann Burmeister . The rank of subfamily or family is controversial.

According to AGP III , Leea is the only genus of the subfamily Leeoideae within the Vitaceae family .

The genus Leea is widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia , extends into the Himalayas and Australia , some species occur in Africa and one in Madagascar . There are ten species in China, two of them only there.

There are about 34 Leea species, here occurring in China, Africa and Madagascar ways:

  • Leea arborea Sieber ex Bojer
  • Leea aequata L .: It occurs in India, Bangladesh , Bhutan , Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan , Malaysia and the Philippines.
  • Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale : It occurs in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos , Vietnam and Yunnan.
  • Leea bipinnata Boivin
  • Leea compactiflora In short : It occurs in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Xizang and Yunnan.
  • Leea cuspidifera Baker
  • Leea glabra C.L.Li : It thrives at altitudes between 200 and 1200 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan.
  • Leea guineensis G.Don (Syn .: Leea manillensis Walpers , Leea coccinea Planch. ): Its wide distribution area extends from India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia Philippines, New Guinea to Africa and Madagascar.
  • Leea indica (Burm. F.) Merr. (Syn .: Leea sambucina Willd. ): Its wide distribution area extends from Sri Lanka , India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea to northern Australia and on Pacific islands.
  • Leea longifolia Merrill : This rare species thrives in forests and damp thickets at altitudes between 100 and 400 meters only in Hainan .
  • Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Yunnan.
  • Leea philippinensis Merrill : It is only found in the Philippines and Lan Yu in Taiwan .
  • Leea setuligera C.B.Clarke : It occurs in India, Thailand and Yunnan.
  • Leea speciosa Sieber ex Miq.
  • Leea spinea Desc.
  • Leea tinctoria Baker

use

Leea guineensis (often marketed under the name Leea coccinea ) and Leea rubra are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens as well as in rooms.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Zhiduan Chen & Jun Wen: Leeaceae : Leea , p. 195 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1
  2. ↑ First published in 1767 Linné scanned at gallica.bnf .
  3. ^ Leea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 2, 2013.
  4. ^ A b Leea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  5. ^ First published by Dumortier in 1829, scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  6. ↑ Leeaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 2, 2013.
  7. ↑ Data sheet from CJB's African Plant Database , 2013.

Web links

Commons : Leea  - collection of images, videos and audio files