Les Rousses
| Les Rousses | ||
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | law | |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Claude | |
| Canton | Morez | |
| Community association | Station des Rousses-Haut Jura | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 29 ′ N , 6 ° 4 ′ E | |
| height | 720-1,300 m | |
| surface | 38.00 km 2 | |
| Residents | 3,630 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 96 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 39220 | |
| INSEE code | 39470 | |
| Website | www.lesrousses.com | |
 The town hall of Les Rousses |
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Les Rousses is a commune in the French department of Jura in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté . Les Rousses is a tourist destination in the High Jura.
geography
Les Rousses is located at 1115 m , five kilometers south-southeast of Morez and about 32 km north of the city of Geneva (as the crow flies). The village extends in the Jura , on a plateau southwest of the Lac des Rousses , above the cross valley of Morez, on the southern edge of the Forêt du Risoux, near the border between France and Switzerland .
The area of the 38.00 km² municipal area covers a section of the French Jura. The main settlement area is occupied by the plateau of Les Rousses, which is an average of 1100 m and has a total area of around 9 km². This plateau forms the watershed between the catchment areas of the Rhone (in the west) and the Rhine (in the east). It drops steeply to the west to the Gorges de la Chaille, a deeply carved erosion valley that follows a fault line across the Jura chains. The valley is drained by the Bief de la Chaille , a tributary of the Bienne , with the course of the river always marking the municipal boundary.
The plateau of Les Rousses is only slightly inclined towards the east. It is bounded by the Lac des Rousses ( 1058 m ) and its surrounding moorland. The lake, fed by various streams (including the Bief Noir ), forms the headwaters of the Orbe and leads over to the high valley of the Vallée de Joux , a valley area more than 1 km wide between two anticlines of the Folded Jura . The southern border always runs at the foot of the adjacent chain of the Noirmont .
To the north, the municipal area extends into the extensive wooded area of the Forêt du Risoux , which forms the south-western end of Mont Risoux . This impassable forest landscape shows typical karst phenomena such as sinkholes , cart fields and aboveground drainless hollows, because the rainwater seeps into the porous calcareous subsoil. On a knoll near Fort du Risoux, the highest point of Les Rousses is reached at 1302 m . The municipality is part of the Upper Jura Regional Nature Park (French: Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura ).
In addition to the actual village, Les Rousses also includes several settlements, hamlets, groups of farms and individual farms, including:
- La Doye ( 746 m ) in a basin on the Bienne south of Morez
- Trélarce ( 1020 m ) on a terrace above the Bienne basin
- Le Sagy Bas ( 984 m ) on a ledge above the Bienne basin
- Les Rousses-en-Bas ( 1082 m ) north of the actual village
- Les Rousses-d'Amont ( 1088 m ) on the edge of the Forêt du Risoux at a source stream of the Orbe
- Le Bief de la Chaille ( 1041 m ) in the valley of the stream of the same name at the northern foot of the Montagne des Tuffes
- La Cure ( 1155 m ), border town and customs post at the entrance to the Col de la Givrine
- Les Plans ( 1088 m ) south of Lac des Rousses at the western foot of the Noirmont
- Le Gravier ( 1086 m ) south of the Lac des Rousses at the foot of the Noirmont
- La Bourbe ( 1077 m ) in the valley of the Orbe north of the Noirmont
- Le Vivier-des-Rousses ( 1074 m ) north of Lac des Rousses at the foot of the Forêt du Risoux
Neighboring municipalities of Les Rousses are Prémanon and Longchaumois in the west, Hauts de Bienne with Morez in the north, Bois-d'Amont in the northeast and the Swiss municipalities Arzier-Le Muids and Saint-Cergue in the southeast.
history
Les Rousses was first mentioned in a document in the 13th century. A conference was held here in 1596 to determine the borderline between the Free County of Burgundy and Switzerland. Together with Franche-Comté , the village came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. In 1815 the crossing at Les Rousses was fortified by two forts to control the entrance to France.
The strategically important Vallée des Dappes had belonged to Switzerland since 1648, but was annexed by Napoléon I in 1805. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the previous ownership was restored, but the valley remained a matter of dispute between Switzerland and France. The Dappental question was resolved in 1862 by an exchange of territory , which had an impact on the municipality of Les Rousses. The western part of the valley definitely came to France and its northernmost section was assigned to Les Rousses. In return, Les Rousses had to cede part of its parish area on the slopes of the Noirmont to Switzerland.
With the completion of the meter-gauge railway line of the Chemin de fer Nyon-Saint-Cergue-Morez on March 7, 1921, Les Rousses received a rail connection to Nyon in Switzerland and to Morez. In addition to transporting people, the railway was also used to transport goods (especially wood from the High Jura). However, operations on the French section of this line ceased in 1958.
Attractions
The parish church of Les Rousses was built in the 18th century. The Notre-Dame-de-la-Frontière chapel also dates from the same period. The Fort des Rousses, built from 1815 on, is one of the largest fortifications of its kind in France. Cheese wheels are now stored in the extensive cellar rooms. On the forest heights north of the Lac des Rousses there is another fortification, Fort du Risoux. Les Rousses has a ski museum that also serves as a local museum for the region.
population
| Population development | |
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1962 | 1,731 |
| 1968 | 1,755 |
| 1975 | 2,061 |
| 1982 | 2,331 |
| 1990 | 2,840 |
| 1999 | 2,927 |
| 2006 | 3,018 |
With 3,630 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017), Les Rousses is one of the medium-sized communities in the Jura department. After the population had declined markedly in the first half of the 20th century (2941 people were still counted in 1886), a significant increase in population was recorded again, especially during the 1980s.
Economy and Infrastructure
For a long time, Les Rousses was primarily a village characterized by agriculture , in particular cattle and dairy farming, as well as forestry. Handicrafts developed early on, initially mainly as a sideline for the farmers during the winter months. At the beginning of the 20th century, glasses manufacture was established in Les Rousses; Later a ski factory was added as an important company, but it ceased operations in 1990. Today there are various small and medium-sized businesses. In the meantime, Les Rousses has turned into a tourist destination as well as a residential community. Many employees commute to Morez or Switzerland to work.
tourism
As a resort in a popular excursion area in the High Jura, Les Rousses now benefits significantly from tourism. It belongs to the Rousses-Haut-Jura winter sports area. The development into a winter sports resort began as early as 1900, but it really didn't really kick in until the 1970s. The slopes of the Noirmont are made accessible by numerous ski lifts for alpine skiing. The ski areas on the slopes of the Dôle and the Montagne des Tuffes are also easily accessible from Les Rousses. In addition to alpine skiing, Les Rousses is a center of Nordic skiing thanks to the extensive plateaus. The community has various hotels, holiday apartments and holiday camps. The center of Les Rousses is characterized by numerous souvenir shops and shops that sell leisure and sporting goods.
In the summer half of the year, leisure activities such as hiking, canoeing, kayaking, fishing, horse riding and hunting are in the foreground. To the east of Les Rousses there is a golf course (Golf du Rochat and Golf du Mont-Saint-Jean).
traffic
The village is well developed in terms of traffic. It is located on the main road N5, which leads from Geneva over the Col de la Faucille to Morez and on to Dole . Further regional road connections exist with Nyon and Le Brassus . The closest connection to the motorway network, the Swiss A1 , is around 23 km away.
