Limes norrlandicus
The term Limes norrlandicus (also known as the biological northern border ), coined by Carl von Linné , describes the transition area in Scandinavia between the landscape zone of the northern European mixed forest in the south and the boreal coniferous forests in the north. The Limes norrlandicus thus represents the biological border to Norrland . It runs from the Oslofjord to Lake Mälaren in Sweden, along the southern border of the Finnish Peninsula and further through Russia . It coincides with the northern limit of the pedunculate oak .
According to the Swedish geologist Lennart von Post , the Limes norrlandicus is "the sharpest and at the same time the most important natural geographic borderline in Sweden". The biological northern boundary coincides with the natural geographical southern boundary of Norrland -specific soil types . The Limes norrlandicus is also a cultural-geographical border that separates areas with different natural spatial requirements for humans. In the Iron Age, for example, he separated the northern hunter-gatherer society from the southern agricultural society. In Merovingian times , a new breed of traders and farmers emerged at various points along the border, who controlled the trade in Nordic products such as furs , dried fish or seal oil with southern Europe. Birka and Hedeby were centers of trade. These traders also offer an approach to explaining why the occurrence of early runic inscriptions reaches its northern limit on the Limes norrlandicus by the need for correspondence .
The Limes norrlandicus is also a limit in the terrain between the Mälardalen , the Vänernflachland and the North Swedish high country that northeast through Dalsland , southern Värmland , western Närke , western Västmanland , South dalarna and Western Gastrikland to the coast in the south of Hälsingland .
One reason for the appearance of large cities up to this degree of latitude (apart from Stockholm , Oslo , Helsinki and Saint Petersburg are also on the 59th degree of latitude, which is also in the south of the Limes) is the decreasing angle of incidence of solar radiation towards the north and the associated climate change .
