Common sea lavender
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Common sea lavender ( Limonium vulgare ) |
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The common sea lavender ( Limonium vulgare ), also called Hallig lilac , is a species of the leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae). It is not closely related to the lilac ( Syringa ).
Because of its conspicuous inflorescences, which dry well and can be processed into dry bouquets, it has been plucked extensively by tourists, which endangers its population. That is why it is under species protection .
Diffusion and protection
The common sea lavender is a characteristic plant species of the salt marshes . It has its main occurrence in salt plant corridors. It can also occur in crevices in the splash water area of the coastal protection structures. It prefers salty, sandy, clayey or silty soils. In Germany it occurs only on the coasts and the offshore islands of the North and Baltic Sea coasts (Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania).
Currently, its populations are threatened by fallow land and the failure to flood salt marshes and marshes. This is why the plant is also classified as endangered in Germany's Red List of Vascular Plants. The species is also particularly protected by the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV).
The common sea lavender is considered to be a fodder for the caterpillar of the salt marsh meander ( Scopula emutaria ), a species that has a low population density due to its special biotope requirements and can only be reliably detected in Germany in the coastal area of the North Sea islands of Amrum and Sylt .
The distribution of the common sea lavender is limited to the littoral areas of Europe near the sea, where its population development is currently constant. He is the Kennart the plant community maritimae of Plantagini-Limonietum from the Association Puccinellion.
description
The common sea lavender is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters. As is typical for a hemicryptophyte , the renewal buds are at the level of the earth's surface. The plant grows upright with branched stems . It has somewhat leathery, entire, obovate leaves of light green color that taper towards the front. The leaf length is 10 to 15 centimeters, the width varies between 1.5 and 4 centimeters. The leaves are in a basal rosette . As an adaptation to the Salzwiese location, the leaf epidermis has special glands that specialize in salt excretion, through which superfluous salts can be excreted through passage pores. The active salt excretion via blowdown glands ensures that the salt accumulation in the leaves does not exceed certain limit values. The epidermis of the common sea lavender contains up to 3000 blowdown glands per cm² of leaf surface, whereby up to 0.5 ml of saline solution can be transported to the outside per hour. This strategy means a high expenditure of energy for the plant, since the ions have to be actively transported into the glands against an osmotic and electrical gradient. Salt excretion by blowdown glands is counted among the salt-regulating strategies within the ability of salt-resistant plants and assigned to the salt-eliminating mechanisms in this group.
The five-fold, hermaphrodite single flowers are in unilateral, umbelliferous arranged spikes . Each individual flower is introduced by a tubular calyx. It is dry-skinned when dry and serves as an organ of expansion for the ripe fruit. The five mostly pale blue or pink-violet, rarely white petals are fused together. Five stamens are grouped around the upper ovary. The unicompartmental ovary consists of five grown together carpels . He has a basal ovule. Both the scars and the pollen show a dimorphism . The flowering period extends from August to September. The common sea lavender is pollinated by insects. Self-pollination also occasionally leads to fruit set.
A small nut fruit surrounded by the calyx develops from the ovary . In autumn, the small nuts are spread by the wind. The dry-skinned calyx of the flowers forms a special border that can serve as a flying device for the nut fruit.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
Web links
- Limonium vulgare from Flora Web
- Common sea lavender . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Map for worldwide distribution
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Gerstberger: The butterfly fauna of the salt areas of Germany, ( Memento of the original from February 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Status: November 2006, accessed on March 11, 2007)
- ↑ Balance sheet and comments on the endangerment situation of butterflies in Schleswig-Holstein (accessed on January 25, 2008)
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 747 .
- ↑ a b Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, 20th edition 2011. ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , page 567 f.
- ^ Forum of the Biology Student Council at Leibniz Universität Hannover : Salt meadow habitat - Halophilia - Plant tolerance mechanisms against salt stress
- ↑ Walter Larcher: Ecophysiology of plants . Ulmer Verlag, 6th edition 2001. ISBN 3-8252-8074-8 . Pages 341-345.
