List of the greatest stars

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The largest known stars are listed below, sorted according to their radius . The radius is given as the ratio to the sun's radius (696,300 km, half of the sun's diameter).

The given radii are estimated values ​​with sometimes large fluctuations. In addition, binary star systems are sometimes given resolved into their single stars, in other cases listed as single objects. Therefore, this list is only a guide and not a secure ranking.

rank star Solar radii

(Sun = 1)

annotation
1 Stephenson 2-18 2.158 A red super giant in the Stephenson 2 star cluster. An older source gives a radius of 474 R ☉ .
2 HV 888 (WOH S140) 1,974 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud . An older source gives a radius of 1,353 R ☉ .
3 WOH G64 1,788 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud. Older sources give radii of 1,540, 1,730 and 2,575.
4th IRAS 05280-6910 1,738 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
5 Westerlund 1-26 1,530-1,580 One of 4 red supergiants in the Westerlund 1 star cluster.
6th RSGC1-F02 1,499-1,549 Giant star in the RSGC1 star cluster.
7th RSGC1-F01 1,435-1,551 Giant star in the RSGC1 star cluster.
8th VY Canis Majoris 1,420 Red giant star in the Milky Way.
9 AH Scorpii 1,411 Red giant star in the Milky Way.
10 WOH S281 1,376 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
11 IRAS 04509-6922 1,360
12-13 SMC 18136 1.310 Giant star in the small magellanic cloud.
V774 Sagittarii 1.310
14-15 WHERE S279 1,298
SW Cephei 1,298
16 RW Cygni 1,273
17th SP77 46-44 (WOH S341) 1,258
18th Westerlund 1-237 1,245 One of 4 red supergiants in the Westerlund 1 star cluster.
19th HV 2255 (WOH S97) 1,235
20th SMC 5092 1,220 Giant star in the small magellanic cloud.
21st SP77 31-18 (WOH S72) 1,211
22-24 IRC-10414 1,200
LMC 175464 1,200 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
LMC 135720 1,200 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
25th SMC 69886 1,190 Giant star in the small magellanic cloud.
26th NML Cygni 1,183
27 HD 90587 1,181
28 RSGC1-F03 1,168-1,326 Giant star in the RSGC1 star cluster.
29 EV Carinae 1,168
30th LMC 119219 1,150 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
31 WOH S264 1,149
32 V602 Carinae 1,142
33 MY Cephei 1,135 Not to be confused with My Cephei (garnet star) .
34 HV 2561 1,133 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
35 J004035.08 + 404522.3 1.130-1.230 Giant star in the Andromeda Galaxy
36 LMC 17338 1,122
37 VX Sagittarii 1,120-1,550
38 LMC 141430 1.110 Giant star in the large Magellanic Cloud.
39 S Persei 1.109
40-42 IRAS 04516-6902 1,100
LMC 175746 1,100
ST Cephei 1,100
43 RSGC1-F08 1,088-1,146 Giant star in the RSGC1 star cluster.
44 HV 11423 1,086
45 HV 2084 1,084
46-49 LMC 174714 1,080
LMC 68125 1,080
SMC 49478 1,080
SMC 20133 1,080
50 Trumpler 27-1 1,073
51 SMC 8930 1,070
52 V366 Andromedae 1,067
53 HR 5171 Aa 1,066-1,315
54 PZ Cassiopeiae 1,062
55 SMC 25879 1,060
56 IM Cassiopeiae 1,059
57 LMC 136042 1,051
58-60 VV Cephei A 1,050
LMC 142202 1,050
LMC 146126 1,050
61 RSGC1-F05 1,047-1,177 Giant star in the RSGC1 star cluster.
62 SMC 10889 1,046
63 LMC 67982 1,040
64 SU Persei 1,039
65 HV 11262 1,030
66 SMC 83593 1,019
67 AS Cephei 1,018
68 WOH S74 1.014
69 W Persei 1.011
70 LMC 143877 1.010
71 HD 167861 1.007
72-73 RSGC1-F12 1.005 Giant star in the RSGC1 star cluster.
BU Sagittarii 1.005
Notable stars with a radius less than 1000 R ☉
Garnet star 972 Red super giant in the constellation of Cepheus .
Westerlund 1-20 965 One of 4 red supergiants in the Westerlund 1 star cluster.
UY-Scuti 755-941 Red super giant in the constellation of Shield .
Betelgeuse 697-887 Red giant in the constellation Orion .
Antares 680-707 Red giant in the constellation Scorpio .
Westerlund 1-75 668 One of 4 red supergiants in the Westerlund 1 star cluster.
Comparison Alnitak - Sun
Comparison Vega - Sun
Comparison Rigel - Sun
Comparison of the red giants in Westerlund 1 star cluster.
Comparison of the sun (left) with VV Cephei
Size comparison between the Sun and VY Canis Majoris . To see the sun, the image must be viewed at full size.
Relative sizes of the planets of the solar system and some known stars according to the state of knowledge from 2008. VY Canis Majoris is even larger here than VV Cephei .
1. Mercury < Mars < Venus < Earth
2. Earth < Neptune < Uranus < Saturn < Jupiter
3. Jupiter < Wolf 359 < Sun < Sirius
4. Sirius < Pollux < Arctur < Aldebaran
5. Aldebaran < Rigel < Antares < Beteigeuze
6. Betelgeuse < Granatstern < VV Cephei A < VY Canis Majoris .
Size comparison: 1. Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth 2. Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter 3. Jupiter, Proxima Centauri, Sun, Sirius A 4. Sirius A, Pollux, Arctur, Aldebaran 5. Aldebaran, Rigel, Antares , Betelgeuse 6. Betelgeuse, VY Canis Majoris, NML Cygni, UY Scuti:

See also

Web links

Commons : Size comparisons between stars  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Thomas KT Fok, Jun-ichi Nakashima, Bosco HK Yung, Chih-Hao Hsia, Shuji Deguchi: Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive clusters . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 760 , no. 1 , 2012, ISSN  0004-637X , p. 65 , doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 760/1/65 , arxiv : 1209.6427 .
  2. ↑ Ben Davies, Don F. Figer, Rolf-Peter Kudritzki, John MacKenty, Francisco Najarro: A massive cluster of Red Supergiants at the base of the Scutum-Crux arm . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 671 , no. 1 , 2007, ISSN  0004-637X , p. 781-801 , doi : 10.1086 / 522224 , arxiv : 0708.0821 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Martin AT Groenewegen, Greg C. Sloan: Luminosities and mass-loss rates of Local Group AGB stars and Red Supergiants . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 609 , 2018, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. A114 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201731089 , arxiv : 1711.07803 .
  4. ↑ a b c Jacco Th van Loon, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni, Albert A. Zijlstra, Cecile Loup: An empirical formula for the mass-loss rates of dust-enshrouded red supergiants and oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch stars . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 438 , no. 1 , 2005, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. 273-289 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361: 20042555 , arxiv : astro-ph / 0504379 .
  5. ↑ Emily M. Levesque, Philip Massey, Bertrand Plez, Knut AG Olsen: The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known? In: The Astronomical Journal . tape 137 , no. 6 , 2009, ISSN  0004-6256 , p. 4744-4752 , doi : 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 137/6/4744 , arxiv : 0903.2260 .
  6. ↑ Keiichi Ohnaka, Thomas Driebe, Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Gerd Weigelt, Markus Wittkowski: Resolving the dusty torus and the mystery surrounding LMC red supergiant WOH G64 . In: IAUS . tape 256 , March 2009, ISSN  1743-9221 , p. 454–458 , doi : 10.1017 / S1743921308028858 ( harvard.edu [accessed June 21, 2020]).
  7. ↑ JH Elias, JA Frogel, PBW Schwering: Two Supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud with Thick Dust Shells . In: ApJ . tape 302 , March 1986, ISSN  0004-637X , p. 675 , doi : 10.1086 / 164028 ( harvard.edu [accessed June 21, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Mikako Matsuura, B. Sargent, Bruce Swinyard, Jeremy Yates, P. Royer: The mass-loss rates of red supergiants at low metallicity: Detection of rotational CO emission from two red supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . tape 462 , no. 3 , 2016, ISSN  0035-8711 , p. 2995-3005 , doi : 10.1093 / mnras / stw1853 , arxiv : 1608.01729 .
  9. ↑ Nicholas J. Wright, Roger Wesson, Janet E. Drew, Geert Barentsen, Michael J. Barlow: The Ionized Nebula surrounding the Red Supergiant W26 in Westerlund 1 . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters . tape 437 , no. 1 , 2014, ISSN  1745-3925 , p. L1-L5 , doi : 10.1093 / mnrasl / slt127 , arxiv : 1309.4086 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e Ben Davies, Don F. Figer, Casey J. Law, Rolf-Peter Kudritzki, Francisco Najarro: The cool supergiant population of the massive young star cluster RSGC1 . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 676 , no. 2 , 2008, ISSN  0004-637X , p. 1016-1028 , doi : 10.1086 / 527350 , arxiv : 0711.4757 .
  11. ^ M. Wittkowski, PH Hauschildt, B. Arroyo Torres, JM Marcaide: Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY CMa based on VLTI / AMBER spectro-interferometry . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 540 , 2012, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. L12 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201219126 , arxiv : 1203.5194 .
  12. ↑ B. Arroyo-Torres, M. Wittkowski, JM Marcaide, PH Hauschildt: The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Sco, UY Sct and KW Sgr . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 554 , June 2013, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. A76 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201220920 , arxiv : 1305.6179 .
  13. ^ A b Jonathan R. Marshall, Jacco Th van Loon, Mikako Matsuura, Peter R. Wood, Albert A. Zijlstra: The AGB superwind speed at low metallicity . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . tape 355 , no. 4 , December 2004, pp. 1348–1360 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2966.2004.08417.x , arxiv : astro-ph / 0410120 .
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Emily M. Levesque, Philip Massey, KAG Olsen, Bertrand Plez, George Meynet: The Effective Temperatures and Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiants: The Effects of metallicity . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 645 , no. 2 , July 10, 2006, ISSN  0004-637X , p. 1102–1117 , doi : 10.1086 / 504417 , arxiv : astro-ph / 0603596 .
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p P. Cruzalèbes, RG Petrov, S. Robbe-Dubois, J. Varga, L. Burtscher: A catalog of stellar diameters and fluxes for mid-infrared interferometry . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . tape 490 , no. 3 , December 11, 2019, ISSN  0035-8711 , p. 3158-3176 , doi : 10.1093 / mnras / stz2803 , arxiv : 1910.00542 .
  16. ↑ VV Gvaramadze, KM Menten, AY Kniazev, N. Langer, J. Mackey: IRC-10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . tape 437 , no. 1 , January 1, 2014, ISSN  0035-8711 , p. 843-856 , doi : 10.1093 / mnras / stt1943 , arxiv : 1310.2245 .
  17. ^ E. De Beck, L. Decin, A. de Koter, K. Justtanont, T. Verhoelst: Probing the mass-loss history of AGB and red supergiant stars from CO rotational line profiles - II. CO line survey of evolved stars: derivation of mass-loss rate formulas . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 523 , November 2010, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. A18 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 200913771 , arxiv : 1008.1083 .
  18. ↑ Emma R. Beasor, Ben Davies: The evolution of red supergiant mass-loss rates . In: MNRAS . tape 475 , no. 1 , March 2018, ISSN  0035-8711 , p. 55–62 , doi : 10.1093 / mnras / stx3174 ( harvard.edu [accessed June 28, 2020]).
  19. ^ Philip Massey, David R. Silva, Emily M. Levesque, Bertrand Plez, Knut AG Olsen: Red Supergiants in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 703 , no. 1 , September 20, 2009, ISSN  0004-637X , p. 420-440 , doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 703/1/420 , arxiv : 0907.3767 .
  20. ↑ Shuangjing Xu, Bo Zhang, Mark J. Reid, Karl M. Menten, Xingwu Zheng: The Parallax of the Red Hypergiant VX Sgr with Accurate Tropospheric Delay Calibration . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 859 , no. 1 , May 17, 2018, ISSN  1538-4357 , p. 14 , doi : 10.3847 / 1538-4357 / aabba6 , arxiv : 1804.00894 .
  21. ↑ a b c Maria Messineo, Anthony GA Brown: A catalog of known Galactic KM stars of class I, candidate RSGs, in Gaia DR2 . In: The Astronomical Journal . tape 158 , no. 1 , June 18, 2019, ISSN  1538-3881 , p. 20 , doi : 10.3847 / 1538-3881 / ab1cbd , arxiv : 1905.03744 .
  22. ^ O. Chesneau, A. Meilland, E. Chapellier, F. Millour, AM Van Genderen: The yellow hypergiant HR 5171 A: Resolving a massive interacting binary in the common envelope phase . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 563 , March 2014, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. A71 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201322421 , arxiv : 1401.2628 .
  23. ↑ Wendy Hagen Bauer, Theodore R. Gull, Philip D. Bennett: Spatial Extension in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of VV Cephei . In: AJ . tape 136 , no. 3 , September 2008, ISSN  0004-6256 , p. 1312-1324 , doi : 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 136/3/1312 ( harvard.edu [accessed June 28, 2020]).
  24. ↑ M. Montargès, W. Homan, D. Keller, N. Clementel, S. Shetye: NOEMA maps the CO J = 2-1 $ $ environment of the red supergiant $ \ mu $ Cep . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . tape 485 , no. 2 , May 11, 2019, ISSN  0035-8711 , p. 2417-2430 , doi : 10.1093 / mnras / stz397 , arxiv : 1903.07129 .
  25. ↑ Michelle M. Dolan, Grant J. Mathews, Doan Duc Lam, Nguyen Quynh Lan, Gregory J. Herczeg: Evolutionary tracks for Betelgeuse . In: The Astrophysical Journal . tape 819 , no. 1 , February 23, 2016, ISSN  1538-4357 , p. 7 , doi : 10.3847 / 0004-637X / 819/1/7 , arxiv : 1406.3143 .
  26. ↑ Keiichi Ohnaka, Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Dieter Schertl, Gerd Weigelt, Carlo Baffa: High spectral resolution imaging of the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Antares in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI / AMBER . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . tape 555 , July 2013, ISSN  0004-6361 , p. A24 , doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201321063 , arxiv : 1304.4800 .