Maintor (Eibelstadt)
The main gate is one of three gates of the well-preserved city wall of Eibelstadt . It was created around 1510 to 1520 and is located about 200 meters from the right bank of the Main , between river kilometers 262 and 263. The listed gate was provided with a battlement in earlier years . The gate has a large passage for vehicles and a door opening for passenger traffic, also known as a ragged door . During major floods of the Main, the water is up to the gate, which then serves as flood protection for the city with the help of an additional barrier.
High water markings
Between 1546 and 2003, a total of 27 flood levels were carved into this gate. These high water markings are a good reference point for the flood events in the central area of the Main and also for Würzburg, which is ten kilometers downstream . Five markings are from the 16th, two from the 17th, three from the 18th, nine from the 19th, seven from the 20th and one from the 21st century. Six high water markings are on the left outside of the gate, four on the left inside of the outer archway. One mark is on the inside of the right outer archway and nine are on the right outside of the gate. Four of the seven markings on the ragged door date from the 16th century.
The flood levels are partly based on different measuring points. In the left table they refer to the height above the ground, in the right to the heights above sea level . However, the values there seem to be partially wrong. The markings of the flood of November 28, 1882 and the event of February 7, 1909 are at the same height, although, as noted in the source, they differ by 32 centimeters. The flood of November 28, 1882 is given 10 centimeters lower than that of February 25, 1970, but the mark is over 20 centimeters higher. The floods of January 6, 2003 are not listed in the sources as they date from before 2003. The mark is 26 centimeters below that of the flood of November 28, 1882.
The high water marks at the Maintor are viewed as "probably a complete 500-year series". Nevertheless, some flood events are missing, as can be seen in a comparison with neighboring towns. At the Maintor in Sulzfeld am Main, 20 kilometers upstream, there is a flood mark from 1667 , which is higher than the mark from the 1909 flood. At the Würzburg gauge ten kilometers down the river, the flood of March 29, 1988 is six centimeters higher than that Displayed flood of 7 January 1982. The event of 1744 is also missing . According to old reports, this flood almost reached the level of the flood of February 2, 1862. A flood marker at the Maintor in Sulzfeld am Main, also from 1744, is only a few centimeters below the marker from the year 1862. The flood event of December 21, 1740, which according to tradition exceeded the 1970 flood in Würzburg, is missing at the main gate. Since no larger bodies of water flow into the Main in the 30-kilometer section of the river between Sulzfeld am Main and Würzburg, the flow rate during flooding in Eibelstadt is comparable to that in Sulzfeld am Main and Würzburg. Individual high water markings in Eibelstadt can be compared with others in the neighboring villages. A flood that was higher than another in Sulzfeld am Main and Würzburg is usually indicated higher in Eibelstadt. Over the centuries, however, changes in the main relief , such as measures to improve navigability, may have resulted in different measurement results .
| Day / year | above ground |
above sea level |
|---|---|---|
| 1546 | 138 cm | 175.93 m |
| 1552 | 156 cm | 176.11 m |
| 1561 | 122 cm | 175.76 m |
| May 16, 1573 | 186 cm | 176.37 m |
| 1595 | 250 cm | 177.05 m |
| 1633 | 202 cm | 176.57 m |
| 1682 | 278 cm | 177.31 m |
| December 17, 1723 | 58 cm | 175.10 m |
| January 1, 1764 | 235 cm | 176.87 m |
| February 28, 1784 | 324 cm | 177.81 m |
| January 4, 1830 | 65 cm | 175.22 m |
| March 30, 1845 | 300 cm | 177.32 m |
| June 1, 1845 | 161 cm | 176.13 m |
| February 2, 1862 | 173 cm | 176.24 m |
| December 12, 1870 | 103 cm | 175.58 m |
| June 30, 1871 | 59 cm | 175.14 m |
| February 19, 1876 | 185 cm | 176.39 m |
| November 28, 1882 | 150 cm | 175.71 m |
| December 29, 1882 | 165 cm | 176.12 m |
| February 7, 1909 | 150 cm | 176.03 m |
| January 24, 1920 | 93 cm | 175.47 m |
| January 1, 1948 | 131 cm | 175.84 m |
| March 7, 1956 | 44 cm | 174.98 m |
| February 25, 1970 | 128 cm | 175.81 m |
| January 7, 1982 | 102 cm | 175.54 m |
| January 21, 1995 | 116 cm | 175.71 m |
| January 6, 2003 | 124 cm | - |
See also
literature
- Martin Schmidt: Flood and flood protection in Germany before 1850. P. 272–273, Kommissionsverlag Oldenbourg Industrieverlag Munich, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-26494-X .
Web links
- Maintor in Water History Research at Google Books
Individual evidence
- ↑ Water history research, focus on antiquity . In: Christoph Olig (Hrsg.): Writings of the German Water History Society (DWhG) e. V., . tape 2 . Siegburg: DWhG c / o Wahnbachtalsperrenverb., Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-8330-0340-5 , p. 19 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ R. Glaser, Ch. Beck, H. Stangl: On the temperature and flood development of the last 1000 years in Germany . In: Deutscher Wetterdienst (Ed.): Klimastatusbericht 2003 . ISBN 3-88148-394-2 , pp. 59 ( online [PDF; accessed December 28, 2012]).
- ↑ Martin Schmidt: Floods and flood protection in Germany. Page 272. See also: Literature.
Coordinates: 49 ° 43 '22 " N , 9 ° 59' 57.3" E