Makame

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The Makame of al-Hariri .

The Makame (from Arabic مقامة Maqama , DMG maqāma , plural maqāmāt ) is a genre of Arabic literature . Formally it is characterized by the use of rhyming prose (arab. Saǧʿ ), d. H. from rhyme in prose .

In terms of content, typical characteristics of a Makame are the appearance of a hero (rogue or "trickster") in certain conflict situations. As a rule, he tries to get money, food, etc. through various lists. At the end of the makame there is often a kind of recognition scene in which the narrator recognizes the "hero" before he says goodbye. Both the events and the characters are purely fictional, which is unusual for classical Arabic literature.

Al-Hamadhani was the inventor of the literary genre in the 10th century. The classic adab literature, including the so-called beggar addresses, served as a basis .

Besides al-Hamadhani, one of the most important authors of Makamen is his imitator al-Hariri (11th – 12th centuries), whose Makamen have a more schematic structure than those of his predecessor. His macaques are also characterized by a rhetorically demanding language. Hariri's work is best known in the German-speaking world through the adaptation of Friedrich Rückert .

Makame form the textual basis of the medieval Arabic shadow play ( chayāl az-zill ).

In the 19th century, during the so-called nahda movement, the makame played an important role in the development of new literary forms, which ultimately led to the emergence of the modern Arabic novel. The question of to what extent Aḥmad Fāris aš-Šidyāqs "as-Sāq ʿalā s-sāq" is to be viewed as a makame is controversial.

In Hebrew literature, the genus is referred to as "Machberet" (מחברת). The best-known authors of Machberot include Jehuda Alcharizi ("Sefer Tachkemoni") and Immanuel ha-Romi ("Machberot Immanuel").

Friedrich Dürrenmatt built a “Makame of the great corruption” into his comedy Der Mitmacher (premiere 1973, new version 1980).

See also

literature

  • AFL Beeston: The Genesis of the Maqāmāt Genre. In: Journal of Arabic Literature, Vol. 2, 1971, pp. 1-12
  • Alain George: Orality, Writing and the Image in the Maqamat. (Arabic Illustrated Books in Context) Association of Art Historians, 2012, pp. 10–37
  • H. Nemah: Andalusian "Maqāmāt". In: Journal of Arabic Literature, Vol. 5, 1974, pp. 83-92

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Drory, Rina: Maqāma . In: Meisami, Julie Scott and Paul Starkey (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature . tape 2 . London [u. a.] 1988, p. 507-508 .
  2. ↑ Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko: Maqama. A History of a Genre . Wiesbaden 2002, p. especially pp. 45-61 .
  3. ↑ Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko: Maqama. A History of a Genre . Wiesbaden 2002, p. 62-98 .
  4. ↑ Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko: al-Ḥarīrī . In: Krämer, Gudrun et al. (Ed.): Encyclopaedia of Islam. Three . Brill, Leiden 2016, p. 80-84 .
  5. ↑ Sadgrove, PC: al-Shidyaq, (Ahmad) Faris . In: Meisami, Julie Scott and Paul Starkey (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature . tape 2 . London [et al.] 1988, p. 712 .
  6. ^ Junge, Christian: The exposure of words. Aš-Šidyāq's literary lists as a critique of culture and society in the 19th century. With historical paratexts attached . Wiesbaden 2019.
  7. ^ Friedrich Dürrenmatt: work edition in thirty-seven volumes , volume 14, Diogenes, Zurich 1998, pp. 84–86.