Macedonian Bulgarians

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Bulgarian refugee column from Macedonia (1914)

As Macedonian Bulgarians or Macedonian Bulgarians ( Bulgarian българи Македонски , even often Македонци / Makedonzi, German  Macedonians ), should be in Bulgaria in the strict sense, the Bulgarian refugees from the country of Macedonia (→ Vilayet Manastır and Salonica Vilayet ) in what is now northern Greece (→ Greek Macedonia ) and today's North Macedonia .

In a broader sense, the Bulgarian inhabitants of today's Bulgarian part of the Macedonian landscape also refer to themselves as Bulgarian Macedonians and form one of the linguistic groups in the country. In the historical context as Macedonian Bulgarians, the numerous members of the Bulgarian Exarchate and the Bulgarian Uniate Church in Macedonia were described in the early 20th century.

Several waves of refugees (after the Ilinden-Preobraschenie uprising (1903), after the Treaties of Sèvres and Neuilly-sur-Seine (1919), Lausanne (1922) and after the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the World Wars ) decimated their number in the non-Bulgarian areas of Macedonia. Serbian estimates for the year 1913 for the area of Vardar-Macedonia assume a number of 90,000, at that time around 10% of the total population. In the period after the First World War, over 100,000 were refugees in Bulgaria. Together with the Bulgarian refugees from Thrace (→ Thracian Bulgarians ) they make up a quarter to a third of the current Bulgarian population in the state of Bulgaria. Other refugees emigrated to the USA and Australia .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See: Stefan Troebst: The Macedonian Century. 2007 Munich, R. Oldenbourg Verlag; ISBN 978-3-486-58050-1 , p. 153 and p. 442;
    Daniel Ziemann: From wandering people to great power: the emergence of Bulgaria in the early Middle Ages (7th-9th centuries) in Volume 43 of Kölner Historische Abhandlungen , Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2007, p. 340;
    Katrin Boeckh: From the Balkan Wars to the First World War: Small State Policy and Ethnic Self-Determination in the Balkans in Volume 97 of Southeast European Works , Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1996, p. 230;
    Hans-Dieter Döpmann : Church in Bulgaria from the beginnings to the present , Biblion Verlag, 2006, p. 56;
    Johannes Vollmer: That we in Bosnia belong to the world: for a multicultural coexistence , Verlag Benziger, 1995, p. 132
  2. ↑ Cf.: Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu: The Young Turks and the Macedonian Question (1890–1918) in Volume 116 of Southeast European Works , Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2003, u. a. P. 232;
    Friedrich Heyer: The Oriental Question in the Church's Life Circle in Volume 19 of Writings on the Spiritual History of Eastern Europe ,
    Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1991, p. 278;
    Constantin D. Stanischeff [Konstantin Stanisev]: The Macedonian Bulgarians , Süddeutsche Monatshefte 26 (1929), no. 10, pp. 721–723
  3. ^ Stephan Thernstrom: Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups . Ed .: Stephan Thernstrom, Ann Orlov, Oscar Handlin. 2nd Edition. Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-674-37512-2 , pp. 691 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ^ Ulrich Ammon, Peter H. Nelde, Klaus J. Mattheier: Minorities and language contact . In: Sociolinguistica . Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1990, ISSN  0933-1883 , OCLC 17864624 , p. 143 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Katrin Boeckh: From the Balkan Wars to World War I: Small States politics and ethnic self-determination in the Balkans (=  Southeast European works . No. 97 ). R. Oldenbourg, 1996, ISBN 3-486-56173-1 , ISSN  0933-6850 , p. 228 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ Wolf Dietrich Behschnitt: nationalism in Serbia and Croatia from 1830 to 1914. Analysis and typology of the national ideology. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-486-49831-2 , p. 39.
  7. ↑ Edgar Hösch , Karl Nehring, Holm Sundhaussen (ed.): Lexicon for the history of Southeast Europe. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-205-77193-1 , p. 297.
  8. ↑ Ulrich Büchsenschütz: Nationalism and Democracy in Bulgaria since 1989 in Egbert Jahn (Ed.): Nationalism in late and post-communist Europe. Volume 2: Nationalism in the nation states , Verlag Nomos, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8329-3921-2 , p. 573