Maria Andreae

Maria Andreae , b. Moser (born October 23, 1550 in Herrenberg ; † January 25, 1632 in Calw ) was an educated medicine and healing expert and as such later was court pharmacist in Stuttgart . Throughout her life she was active in Christian and social work in poor relief and nursing.

origin

Her father was the Herrenberg Vogt Valentin Moser (* 1520 in Herrenberg; † 1576 in Stuttgart), a scion of the Moser family, which has been documented since around 1400, their progenitor Balthasar Moser (called Marstaller), stable master and war counselor of Count Ulrich the much-loved von Württemberg, was. Therefore, his descendants were sometimes called or nicknamed "Marstaller". In 1573 Valentin's brother Balthasar - and Valentin Moser too (but this allegedly by mistake) were given hereditary nobility by Emperor Maximilian II , "Von Filseckh und Weilerberg" (today's Filseck Castle above Uhingen ad Fils - the property was used for naming purposes only for a short time belongs to Balthasar Moser), and further documented: "and all their marital heirs and heirs of the same heirs, men and women".

Maria's mother was Margarethe Hiller (* 1518 in Herrenberg; † 1559 in Stuttgart), daughter of Marx (= Markus) Hiller, Herrenberger Mayor and Vogt, and his wife Katharina nee Kurrer from Herrenberg.

youth

Maria spent her youth in Herrenberg. She lost her mother when she was nine. Her father married three more times in the following years - his second wife, Ursula Gienger, died in 1566, his third, Barbara Fröschelmoser, died in 1571, and for the fourth time he married Maria von Zeittern - but Maria's further upbringing was taken over by her widowed grandmother Hiller who moved into the Vogtshaus. Maria learned to read and write. Her dexterity in this was praised in later years.

Grandmother Katharina Hiller b. Kurrer (* 1482 in Herrenberg) was the " Beguine " of Herrenberg. She maintained a small infirmary in her house, later in the Vogtshaus. The energetic Maria was involved in the work. From her grandmother Maria received instruction in herbal medicine and medicine, cultivation of medicinal plants , nursing and poor relief. The social, non-profit work with the grandmother gave direction and tools for Maria's later further social Christian work.

From the year 1563 there are documents about grandmother Katharina Hiller: "As a widow in Herrenberg on May 28th, 1563 the Hohenberg rule acknowledges the receipt of 2000  fl. " Katharina Hiller died around 1564, it is reported. Maria was about fourteen.

Nothing specific is known about the next 12 years until their marriage. Friedrich Bran writes in his 20-page booklet Maria Andreae regarding that time:

“She had a quick mind, was open to art and science, and read the Bible and Protestant scriptures. But her physical performance was also challenged: she had to carry and lift well, the heavy water buckets, kettles and pots were used every day. On washing days she went to the bleaching room with wet bedding for the large household, and then upstairs and downstairs to the floor. She lived with her grandmother for many years and after her death she was responsible for the Moser Vogt household. Her father was married three times, but Maria was best acquainted with all tasks. "

Marriage and life stages afterwards

Maria's father died in early May 1576, and on October 9 of the same year 1576 Maria married Johannes Andreae (* 1554 in Tübingen; † 1601 in Königsbronn), pastor in Hagelloch near Tübingen . He was a son of Jakob Andreae , Chancellor of the University of Tübingen and an authoritative co-author of the concord formula . In 1576 he took up his first pastorate. Maria now moved from the Vogtshaus in Herrenberg to the rectory in Hagelloch, only about fifteen kilometers away, and from the Vogtsgarten she took her medicinal herbs with her to the rectory, because her work continued in Hagelloch.

Less known, or rather not mentioned in biographies, is Maria's next station in life at the side of her husband, as a young pastor's wife from 1578 in Mössingen for four years . Mössingen is about 20 km from Tübingen and Hagelloch. On the pastor's board in the sacristy of the Peter and Paul Church in Mössingen is noted: “Joh. Andreae, Fil.D.Jacobi 1578. “The next entry dates from 1582, so it can be assumed that Johannes and Maria were in Mössingen for four years. Then from 1582 Johannes Andreae was pastor and superintendent in Maria's home town of Herrenberg for nine years and from 1591, the last ten years of his life, he was pastor and abbot in the Königsbronn monastery near Heidenheim an der Brenz .

The fifth of their eight children was Johann Valentin Andreae, who was born in 1586 , presumably the author or co-author of the Classical Rosicrucian Scriptures published in print from 1614 to 1616 .

After the death of her husband in 1601, Maria moved with her children from Königsbronn to Tübingen in the harshest winter, to be close to relatives and to give her children a good education. In 1606/1607 she was entrusted by Duchess Sibylla von Württemberg with the management of the court pharmacy in Stuttgart and throughout her life she was active in poor relief and nursing, which she had done in her parents' house at a young age. Years later, after she had given up the management of the farm pharmacy , she spent the last part of her life with her children and most recently in Calw, where her son Johann Valentin Andreae had been superintendent from 1620. There she died at the age of 81.

swell

• Johann Valentin Andreae : Mariae Andreanae merita materna praedicata a filio Johanne Valentino Andreae Anno Christi M.DC.XXXII . In: ders .: In bene meritos gratitudo. L. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1633, pp. 37-80.
  • (New edition and translation :) The merits of Mother Maria Andreae, described by her son Johann Valentin Andreae in the year of Christ 1632 . In: Frank Böhling u. a. (Ed.): Obituaries, autobiographical writings, Cosmoxenus. (Johann Valentin Andreae. Collected writings 2) Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1995, ISBN 3-7728-1428-X , pp. 30-97.
• Johann Jacob Moser : Genealogical news , of his own, also many other respected Würtemberg families, partly also foreign families. 2nd Edition. Schramm, Tübingen 1756, pp. 110 and 132-134

literature

• Anna Blos : Women in Swabia. Fifteen pictures of life . Silberburg, Stuttgart 1929, p. 46–54 ( wlb-stuttgart.de ).
• Otto Borst: Maria Andreae, the court pharmacist . In: Women at Court . Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1998, ISBN 3-87407-286-X , pp. 57-71.
• Friedrich Bran : Maria Andreä, b. Moser: 1550-1632; d. exemplary Life of JV Andreäs mother. Gengenbach, Bad Liebenzell 1989, ISBN 3-921841-39-9 .
• Werner Raupp : Maria Andreä - "Mother of the Country", in: ders. (Ed.): Lived faith. Experiences and life testimonies from our country. A reading book, Metzingen / Württ .: Ernst Franz-Verlag 1993, pp. 73-77, 384 (introductory, source texts, lit.).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ D. Zwilling, but no information about it, 2000 florins for what or for what - the Hohenberg rulership in particular has always given many a foundation, the ancestral castle was near Schömberg- Schörzingen, Zollernalbkreis, including a "Städtlin" Hohenberg below the castle.
2. ↑ D. Zwilling, but without citing the source