Karlskrona naval port
The naval port of Karlskrona ( Sweden ) was built by order of Charles XI. built around 1680 and became the main base of the Swedish Navy .
history
The location of the naval port is strategically located and was therefore chosen for its construction. The port is located on an island in a bay in the Baltic Sea , which in turn is separated from the open sea by several small islands. The governor general Erik Dahlberg developed a plan for the fortifications, which was approved in 1683. Two years later, work began under Dahlbergh's direction.
The naval base became particularly well known through the Swedish submarine affair , in which a Russian whiskey-class submarine ran aground off the naval base on October 28, 1981 .
Since 1998 the naval port of Karlskrona and other buildings in the city have been on the UNESCO World Heritage List .
Fortifications
Protective wall
A protective wall was built around the naval base and the shipyard, of which even larger parts have been preserved. Noticeable are z. B. the bastions Aurora, Sparre and Trolle.
Landside Defense
The naturally existing ditch was cleared of mud and a small but well-equipped fortress was built on a small rock island. Between this fortress and the main island there were earth walls, protected by cannons. The world heritage also includes three powder houses north of the city center.
Sea-side defense
The outer line of defense was on the islands that bordered the bay. Fortifications ( Kungsholms fort and Drottningskär kastell ) were built on both sides of the largest inflow into the bay . In some areas of the island chain, however, there were only earth walls. After a few years it was foreseeable that the old systems were no longer able to cope with the newly emerging weapons. In 1867 plans were drawn up to expand the facilities, which were expanded in 1870.
Based on these plans, a chain of stone barriers was sunk into the bay. This chain only had two openings for the entrance. When war broke out, the entrances were blocked with sea mines . The Kungsholms Fortress at the larger of the two entrances was expanded and given a rather irregular appearance. Dry trenches were created in front of the fortress to protect against storm surges. The fortress was largely armed with cannons, which were supposed to prevent the enemy from continuing here.
Between 1857 and 1863 two protective towers were built ( Kurrholmen and Godnatt ), which resembled medieval Bergfrieden . The walls of the towers were so thick that they could withstand attacks with modern cannons.
Facilities in the naval port
The Polhem Dock
The old dock was blown out of the rock between 1716 and 1724 under the direction of Christopher Polhem . After its completion, it was expanded several times in length and depth. Initially, the water was pumped out with a hand -operated system similar to the paternoster . To clear the dock of water, 270 men had to pump over four days. They worked in a three-shift system. In 1846 mechanical pumps were installed that made this work much easier.
Other buildings in the naval port
- Hauptwache
- Inventory chamber
- Muster building
- three material chambers
- Skeppsgosse barracks
- Finnish Church
- Wasaskjulet
- Repslagarebanan
Web links
Cultural heritage: Royal Summer Palace Drottningholm (1991) | Viking settlements of Birka and Hovgården (1993) | Engelberg ironworks (1993) | Rock carvings from Tanum (1994) | Skogskyrkogården (cemetery) near Stockholm (1994) | Hanseatic City of Visby on Gotland (1995) | Gammelstad church district in Luleå (1996) | Karlskrona naval port (1998) | Agricultural landscape of South Öland (2000) | Historical industrial landscape "Great Copper Mountain" in Falun (2001) | Radio station Grimeton near Varberg (2004) | Struve Arch (2005) | Wooden farmhouses in the province of Hälsingland (2012)
Natural heritage: Archipelago - Höga Kusten (2000)
Cultural / natural heritage: Arctic cultural landscape of Lapland (1996)
Coordinates: 56 ° 9 ′ 10 ″ N , 15 ° 35 ′ 24 ″ E