Martin-Luther-Gymnasium Eisleben

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Martin Luther High School
Martin-Luther-Gymnasium Eisleben
type of school high school
founding February 16, 1546
address

Siegfried-Berger-Weg 16/17

place Lutherstadt Eisleben
country Saxony-Anhalt
Country Germany
Coordinates 51 ° 31 '22 "  N , 11 ° 32' 48"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '22 "  N , 11 ° 32' 48"  E
student 799
Teachers 60
management Annett Gänsler (Headmistress)
Björn Schaff (Deputy Headmistress)
Grit Baust (Upper School Coordinator)

The Martin-Luther-Gymnasium , or “MLG” for short, is a general education high school in Lutherstadt Eisleben . The school is named after the church reformer Martin Luther , who was born and died in the city.

It is a school with the motto “School without Racism. School with courage ”.

history

The building, built in 1564 as a high school in 2015. It was destroyed by fire in 1601, restored from 1602 to 1604 and expanded in 1886 for the Realprogymnasium

The founding of the grammar school goes back to Martin Luther himself. Shortly before his death, the reformer returned to his native city in January 1546 to settle a dispute between the three Mansfeld counts . On February 16, 1546, he obtained the conclusion of the Lutheran Treaty , which provided for the establishment of a "leading Latin school " among other things . The first school building was in the rectory of St. Andrew's Church .

High school under the course Saxony and Westphalia

1780 is a turning point for the grammar school. Prince Heinrich Paul Franz II zu Fondi and Count von Mansfeld dies. When his son Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, 4th Prince of Mansfeld from the Vorderort- Bornstedt family , had a fatal accident in a carriage in the same year , the Mansfeld Count's House died out in the male line. The county falls to the two feudal lords, the Elector of Saxony and the Elector of Brandenburg (as successors to the Archbishops of Magdeburg ). Eisleben loses its status as the “capital of its own small state”. Many noble and wealthy families leave Eisleben. The management of the grammar school is passed on to Kursachsen . The patronage is exercised in the name of the elector by the church council in Dresden . The restrictive allocation of funds by the new supervisory authority is financially disadvantageous for the school.

In 1780, the “fateful year” for Eisleben, Christian David Jani, a highly esteemed philologist and pedagogue, vice-rector of the Royal Pedagogy in Halle , was appointed rector of the grammar school by Prince Heinrich Paul Franz II. Under his rectorate the number of students rose to a level not reached in the 18th century; in 1783 there were 185 pupils, 40 more than when he took up his duties. In 1783, Friedrich Koenig , who later became a printer , entrepreneur and inventor of the high-speed printing press , entered the Quita at the age of eight, and in 1790 Friedrich von Hardenberg ( Novalis ), who later became a writer and philosopher, joined the Prima at the age of eighteen.

On March 12, 1808, the subjects of the Saxon part of the county of Mansfeld were released from their oath and had to pay homage to the Westphalian King Hieronymus Napoleon ( Jérôme Bonaparte ). The teachers are no longer exempt from billeting and suffer from the billing costs. In 1813 in particular, the French and later the Cossacks and Russians demanded high "contributions". After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in 1813, the Kingdom of Westphalia dissolves. In 1814 the school had fewer than 100 students.

Royal high school in Eisleben

After the former county of Mansfeld was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the grammar school was given the name "Königliches Gymnasium zu Eisleben". The Humboldt school reform had a beneficial effect in the following decades. New are the Abitur exams and improved curricula. The training is broader and no longer primarily aims at studying theology or jurisprudence .

Title page of the "Jubelschrift" from 1846

In 1819 the classical philologist Karl Wilhelm Siebdrat became the director of the grammar school and remained so until his death in 1835. He was succeeded by Friedrich Ellendt , also a classical philologist, who radically reformed the teaching. He drafts a curriculum for all classes and subjects of instruction, determines the frequency of written work in the subjects of Latin, Greek, German, French and mathematics, determines a reading canon and the textbooks to be used and expands the school library. It enforces the principle that each subject is only represented by a specific teacher. In 1846 Ellendt published the "History of the Royal High School in Eisleben: A jubilation to celebrate its three hundredth anniversary". The font is much more than a "jubilation". Ellendt writes in the “Vorerinnerung” of the book: “Incidentally, the author hopes (...) that it will make a non-contemptuous contribution to the history of the scholarly school system in Germany, especially insofar as it was based on the efforts of the reformers." he succeeded brilliantly. Ellendt dies in 1855.

The new school building on Schlossplatz opened in 1883 in 2015

Of the teachers of this era, who have made a name for themselves beyond Eisleben, the math and physics teacher Johann Friedrich Kroll (1795–1873) should be mentioned, “a pupil of the high school in Prenzlau and the University of Berlin, who in the year 1821 takes office at the Royal High School. (...) A versatile educated man, to whom few teachers can equal in terms of clarity of development and whose long-term service is a blessing for the institution. ”In 1837 Kroll was appointed professor, in 1839 his textbook Grundriß der Mathematik für Gymnasien and others appears higher educational institutions . It covers arithmetic , geometry , solid geometry , trigonometry , and conic sections . It has been available as a reproduction since 2011. Kroll is the grandfather of the well-known classical philologist Wilhelm Kroll , who taught as a professor at various German universities.

On October 31, 1883, Reformation Day , the grammar school moved into a new building on the site of the old Eisleber Castle , which today houses the primary school on Schlossplatz . A commemorative publication "Symbolae Islebiensis" will be published with contributions from the college and the supplement by Dr. Rothe “Laudes Lutheri”, a Latin congratulatory poem in 147 hexameters. For the 400th anniversary of Luther's birthday, the school takes part in the general celebration of the city with the consecration of Luther's statue on the market square. In 1896 the commemorative publication “History of the Royal High School in Eisleben from 1846–1895” by Prof. Friedrich Vollheim appears.

Royal School Teachers' Seminar

Building of the former Royal School Teachers' Seminar in 2015

From 1819 the grammar school gradually developed into an independent teachers' seminar , an institution for the training of elementary school teachers. Those pupils who sing the liturgy in the school choir of the grammar school and in the churches, act as singers at funerals and weddings and roam the streets as carolers are preferred as future teachers . As early as 1825 the teachers' seminar was separated from the grammar school; the seminarians are transferred to the school for the poor in Luther's birthplace ("Luther School"). After starting with 12 to 15 seminarians, in 1838 it became a main seminar, the “Royal School Teacher's Seminar”, and in 1842 it was given its own school building. Especially after moving into the second seminar building in 1868, the number of students increased considerably. By the turn of the century in 1900, almost 1,400 teachers were being trained at the Royal School Teacher Seminar in Eisleben. In 1911 a representative new building was inaugurated on the Scherbelberg for the teachers' seminar. The reorganization of the teacher training system after the First World War decisively influenced the seminar; From 1920 onwards, no more pupils were accepted and by decree of October 7, 1924, the teachers' seminars in Prussia were dissolved. The courses still existing in Eisleben expire with the final exam in 1926.

Oberrealschule

View of the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule, which was inaugurated as an upper secondary school in 1909

In 1870, the Städtische Realschule, another secondary school, was founded in addition to the grammar school and teacher training college, which was expanded into a nine-level school by 1887. It becomes an upper secondary school and in 1909 moves into an architecturally remarkable new building on the city moat. The primary school Geschwister Scholl is located in this building today . From 1910, the upper secondary school pupils were taken to their final exams.

Luthergymnasium

Postcard showing the building of the teachers' college on Scherbelberg, built in 1911 and into which the State Lutheran School moves in 1929

In 1907, the Prussian minister of education approved the grammar school's application to be allowed to call itself "Luther grammar school". In 1911 the teachers' seminar was also given a new building. With the beginning of the First World War in 1914, teachers from the grammar school in particular volunteered for military service, among them the director Prof. Dr. Schenck. High school students who volunteer for armed services or nursing, receive a " Notabitur ". Over 200 former students lose their lives on the front lines. After the end of the war, special regulations were issued at the school for those who took part in the war , “which are intended to encourage them to further their intellectual development”.

By decree of 1924, the ministry approved that from Easter 1924 the Luther Gymnasium would be gradually transformed into a Reformreal Gymnasium with English as the first foreign language, beginning with the sixth . This change has a positive effect on the number of students. From Easter 1924 the number of students increased from 128 before the end of the school year to 145.

State Lutheran School

In 1929 Luthergymnasium and Oberrealschule (after a bitter dispute) are combined to form the “State Lutheran School”. Thus, today's Martin-Luther-Gymnasium is a successor to both schools. After this merger, the school, known locally for decades as "StaaLu", moves into the house of the former teachers' college on Scherbelberg. This marks the beginning of a new stage in school history. In addition to the continuation of the tradition of the classical-humanistic grammar school , mathematics and science lessons are being intensified. In 1931 a book about the history of the grammar school was published. The National Socialist rule from 1933 to 1945 indoctrinated teachers and students. On November 11, 1933, the meritorious senior director of studies, Dr. Theodor Ebert (1881–1944), director of the school after the merging of the Luthergymnasium and Reformrealgymnasium and previously since 1918 director of both the teachers' college and the upper secondary school, on leave according to Section 5.1 of the Law to Restore the Civil Service . The names of over 240 former students who died in World War II are known, but the number of missing people and those who perished in camps after the war is not known.

Martin Luther High School

On September 20, 1948, the school was named "Martin Luther Oberschule". Since 1946 the municipal lyceum and grades 8 to 10 of the middle school have merged into it . Both institutions were founded in 1910. The secondary school now only consists of grades 9 to 12. Each level has three features: a modern language ( A-class ), a mathematical-scientific ( B-class ) and, until 1953, an ancient language ( C-class ). High school teachers are put on an equal footing with primary school teachers and lose the titles such as university advisor and civil servant status. Russian becomes the first foreign language. But Latin will also retain its high status in high school for years, but not English, which is no longer on the curriculum in the B classes.

Lessons are increasingly ideologized. In 1952, Freiheit , the organ of the SED in Halle (Saale) , prints parts of the director's speech at the opening of the school year. It says: The realization of socialism (demands) of the school, its teachers and students: Joint, purposeful work on the development of the knowledge and abilities and moral qualities of the adolescent youth in the service of the socialist construction and the devoted love for everything to home. On May 7, 1953, the chairman of the parents' council reads out a protest resolution against the "warmongering of the illegal organization Junge Gemeinde " and demands its ban. Relatives of pastors and some parents are voting against this resolution. But it's not just about words. A few days later, four students were expelled from school for “lack of positive attitudes”. In conformity with the party, Hans Hinze (1891–1988) also headed the school from October 1953 to August 1962 as director, who - musically gifted - had passed the school leaving examination himself in 1911 at the Luthergymnasium.

Title page of the Festschrift, written in 1946, published in 1958

From 1946 until the Wall was built in 1961, at least 25 teachers left the school for political reasons via the Federal Republic of Germany. One of them, Johannes Gutbier, left Luther's last legacy in 1946 - the history of the Eisleber Luther Gymnasium and the Luther State School; 1896-1946; Print the commemorative publication on the four hundredth anniversary of the establishment in 1958 in Urach / Württemberg. On the initiative of Gutbier, an "Association of former students and friends of the Luther Gymnasium, the State Lutheran School and the Martin Luther High School in Eisleben" was founded in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1961. "Alumni" meet annually in Cologne, Hamburg, Hanover, West Berlin and other cities and publish a newsletter.

EOS Eisleben

With the “Law on the Socialist Development of Schooling in the German Democratic Republic” of December 2, 1959, the previous “Oberschule” was replaced by the “ Extended Oberschule ” (abbreviation EOS ). In April 1963 the school was officially given the status of an “extended secondary school”. Since around this time, visiting EOS has been linked to vocational training for a few years. From April 1965, the school was only given the abbreviation “EOS” in order to avoid the name Luther .

With the 1981/82 school year the transition to a two-year Abitur level begins. As a result, there is no longer a class 9 at EOS. Some teachers are transferred to a polytechnic high school . In the following school year, only students in grades 11 and 12 are taught in the school.

The first comrade of the state discovered the prestigious Luther for himself before his 500th birthday: Erich Honecker became the chairman of the state Lutheran Committee. That is why EOS Eisleben was allowed to honor its school founder Martin Luther in 1983 with a Luther poem set to music by a music teacher from the school, an exhibition and a copper plaque opposite the auditorium entrance.

Martin Luther High School

Gable of the school building from 1911 in 2012

After the reunification and peaceful revolution in the GDR , the future school concept in the Eisleben district was discussed at a general teachers' conference on January 24, 1991. In addition to elementary and secondary schools, three grammar schools and a technical grammar school are set up, the Martin Luther grammar school , a second city grammar school on Bergmannsallee, a grammar school in Benndorf and the technical grammar school of the former company vocational schools . At this point in time the new name "Martin Luther Gymnasium" was mentioned in the school chronicle for the first time. In the future, grades 5 to 10 will be in three classes, classes 11 and 12 in four classes. The subject of citizenship will be replaced by the subject of social studies . At the beginning of the 1991/1992 school year, the Martin-Luther-Gymnasium had 29 classes. Grades 1 to 6 have been awarded since this school year. On November 19, 1991, all teachers vowed to conscientiously fulfill their duties and to respect the Basic Law and all laws of the Federal Republic. This marked the fourth political turn at the school in the 20th century after 1918, 1933 and 1945. On January 1, 1992, the Martin-Luther-Gymnasium passed into the sponsorship of the district of Eisleben. In the school year 1993/94, lessons at the school begin for the first time with the full year from 5th to 12th grade for a grammar school.

In 2003 and 2006, the grammar school on Bergmannsallee and the Gottfried-August-Bürger grammar school in Benndorf will (again) be affiliated with the Martin Luther grammar school . Due to the resulting high number of pupils , additional capacities for grades nine to twelve will be created in the building of the former engineering school , which today also houses the technical / business high school .

School profile

As a general high school, the "MLG" offers a wide range of subjects. In addition to the traditional major and minor subjects, these include Latin , Ancient Greek and Italian , in particular in the linguistic, literary and artistic fields , in the mathematical, scientific and technical fields, computer science, and in the social science field, economics and philosophy . There used to be psychology and law as well . There are also numerous working groups , such as a school choir , a double quartet and a theater group. There are just as many working groups in the sporting areas as there are judo courses or a football club.

Known students

Novalis
  • Friedrich von Hardenberg (alias Novalis ), writer, philosopher and mining engineer, pupil of Prima in 1790
  • Carl Wilhelm Ernst Heimbach , educator, student from 1778–1781
  • Ludwig Heise , German administrative and ministerial official, parliamentarian and entrepreneur, school-leaving examination around 1845
  • Walter Hertel , German officer, most recently general engineer in the Air Force (Wehrmacht), graduated from 1916
  • Walter Hoffmann , economist and university professor, graduated from school in 1910
  • Karl Dietrich Hüllmann , German historian and university professor, pupil around 1780
  • Richard Jecht , historian and archivist, student from 1868–1877
  • Christoph Keyling , German physician, pupil around 1614
  • Moritz Knobloch , Mayor of Sangerhausen, pupil around 1866
  • Carl Friedrich August Koch , German lawyer and insurance company, graduated from 1838
Friedrich Koenig, the inventor of the high-speed printing press

Trivia

Students know almost nothing

The oldest rule for judging the morals of pupils and their "procedures" is contained in the detailed regulations of the school regulations from 1570. It has largely been incorporated into the school laws of 1676. For example, after violating school laws, the pupil has the choice between fines and beatings, whereby "the wealthy generally preferred those, but the poor had to atone with their bodies."

An “idea” (complaint) of the Petri community to the Cons seems almost timeless to us. (Consistory) of April 25, 1607 about the pupils of the grammar school: “For the majority of the pupils know almost nothing how they want to show themselves to be disobedient, insistent, stubborn and frivolous enough: when some give them the thought: because he is curled up in his crossed out Hair, wide buckled pants, large tassels on the shoes and Spanish daggers steps in, he not the least, but everyone has to look at them and judge them. "

A short, sustained guest role at the high school

The good reputation of Rector Christian David Janis beyond Eisleben prompts the saltworks director Erasmus von Hardenberg in Weißenfels to send his son Friedrich, who was born in Oberwiederstedt near Hettstedt , to the grammar school in Eisleben. Friedrich von Hardenberg was accepted into the Prima and probably also into the house of the Janis family on June 17, 1790. From this period there is a poem that Hardenberg wrote in the register of the rector's daughter:

To Auguste Janis
Eisleben, being

amused on August 5, 1790 is no great art,
Genius and diligence are not required for this,
the farmer is
often favored by the gods , and majesties sigh sadly.
(...)
You too, my friend, have been granted the art of being happy
;
Only life hangs on a silk thread , and three loose girls
Can often put on a bad mood.

And mow every sheaf that has ripened,
Don't forget the Penates too and taste
the cup long and the
many droplets of frugality drunk from pure must.

In memory of your friend,
Friedrich von Hardenberg wrote this with all his heart

The words "by a silk thread / only depends on life" unfortunately come true on October 5, 1790, when Rector Janis dies. In the same month, Hardenberg left Eisleben to study law at the University of Jena. The Eisleber still consider it an honor that Novalis was a student in their city. Accordingly, this fact is mentioned frequently, which also increases the fame of the poet. The fact that he only stayed in Eisleben for four months is mostly kept secret.

Web links

Commons : Martin-Luther-Gymnasium Eisleben  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Friedrich Ellendt: History of the royal high school in Eisleben: A jubilation to celebrate its three hundredth anniversary . Reichardt, Eisleben 1846 (310 pages, limited preview in the Google book search - the book sold so well that Ellendt set up a foundation in 1847 for gifted high school students whose capital consisted of the income from book sales).
  • Friedrich Vollheim: History of the Königliches Gymnasium zu Eisleben from 1846-1896: Festschrift for the three hundred and fifty-year anniversary celebration . Schneider, Eisleben 1896 (130 pages).
  • Johannes Gutbier: Luther's Last Legacy: History of the Eisleber Luther Gymnasium and the State Luther School; 1896-1946; Festschrift for the 400th anniversary of the institution . Self-published, Urach (Württ.) 1958 (360 p., Slub-dresden.de ).
  • Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.): The Martin-Luther-Oberschule - The Martin-Luther-Gymnasium, 1946-1995. Festschrift for the 450th year the school was founded. A. Gursky, Halle / S. 1995, ISBN 3-92-938911-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ronald Dähnert: Eisleben: Is the high school's reputation at stake? mz-web.de , June 22, 2012, accessed on July 31, 2013 .
  2. ^ Jörg Müller: Eisleben: Personnel shortage at the grammar school. mz-web.de , April 18, 2013, accessed on July 31, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Jörg Müller: Change at high school: Annett Gänsler takes over the school management in Eisleben. mz-web.de , July 16, 2020, accessed on July 18, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Friedrich Ellendt 1846, p. 2 ff.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Ellendt 1846, p. 226.
  6. ↑ Johannes Gutbier 1958, p. 17 and p. 251.
  7. ↑ Friedrich Ellendt 1846, p. 232.
  8. ^ Friedrich Ellendt 1846, SV
  9. ↑ Friedrich Ellendt 1846, p. 272 ​​f.
  10. ^ Johann Friedrich Kroll: Outline of mathematics for grammar schools and other higher education institutions . Verlag von Georg Reichardt, Eisleben 1839 (X, 340 p., Full text about the Bavarian State Library digital ).
  11. ^ Johann Friedrich Kroll: Outline of mathematics for high schools and other higher education institutions: With 8 panels. Nabu Press, July 11, 2011, accessed July 2, 2020 (The two ISBNs given appear to be incorrect).
  12. ↑ Johannes Gutbier 1958, p. 26.
  13. ↑ Not to be confused with the "Luthergymnasium" from 1907
  14. ↑ Johannes Gutbier 1958, p. 19.
  15. ↑ A. Römer: Local history for schools in the county of Mansfeld: Part one: Local history of the city of Eisleben . 2nd Edition. Publishing house of G. Reichardt'schen Buchhandlung (Otto Busch), Eisleben 1900 (102 pages).
  16. ↑ C 23 Eisleben Teachers' Seminar, 1827-1937 (inventory) Place of use: Merseburg. Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt, accessed on July 16, 2020 (The State Archives Magdeburg took over some of the files from the seminar from the Martin Luther Oberschule Eisleben in 1951 together with files from other schools. With the establishment of the Landesarchiv Merseburg and the demarcation between the State Archives Magdeburg and Merseburg, the holdings came to the Merseburg Archives in 1994.).
  17. ↑ Website of the primary school "Geschwister Scholl" in Lutherstadt Eisleben. Retrieved July 5, 2020 . .
  18. ↑ Johannes Gutbier: Our fallen soldiers of the world war: Luther-Gymnasium Eisleben . Mansfelder Heimatverlag d. Buchdr. E. Schneider, Eisleben 1941, p. 91 (369 pp.).
  19. ↑ Johannes Gutbier 1958, p. 54.
  20. ↑ In the school chronicle of 1995, the "former teacher training college" is mentioned. It must have been dissolved between the new building for the teachers' seminar in 1911 and 1929.
  21. ↑ Johannes Gutbier: Memorabilia Gymnasii Islebiensis: In memory of the State Luther Gymnasium . Mansfelder Heimatverlag d. Buchdr. E. Schneider, Eisleben 1931 (115 pages).
  22. ↑ Johannes Gutbier 1958, p. 135.
  23. ↑ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 19.
  24. ^ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 22.
  25. ^ Freedom , September 3, 1952
  26. ↑ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 27.
  27. ^ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 166.
  28. ^ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 35.
  29. ↑ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 35 f.
  30. ^ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 39.
  31. ↑ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 75 ff.
  32. ↑ Siegfried Hauptvogel (Red.) 1995, p. 98 f.
  33. ↑ Burkhard Zemlin: Martin-Luther-Gymnasium: Rooms leave nothing to be desired. mz-web.de , December 11, 2009, accessed on July 31, 2013 .
  34. ↑ Johannes Ellendt 1846, p. 168.
  35. ↑ Johannes Ellendt 1846, p. 119 f.
  36. ↑ Johannes Gutbier 1958, p. 251 ff.