Sedum

Sedum
Spicy stonecrop ( Sedum acre )
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Order : Saxifragales (Saxifragales) Family : Thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae) Subfamily : Sempervivoideae Tribe : Sedeae Genre : Sedum
Scientific name
Sedum
L.

Sedum is a genus of plants fromthe thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae). With around 420 species, it is the most extensive genus in this family. German common names are stonecrop and fatty hens .

description

Illustration of White Stonecrop ( Sedum album )

Leaf cuttings and head cuttings of the snake stonecrop ( Sedum morganianum )

Subgenus Sedum : Illustration of the stonecrop ( Sedum acre )

Vegetative characteristics

Sedum species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants , more rarely sub-shrubs that are more or less succulent . There are mostly fiber roots. Most of the time there is no “rhizome” and a few species have a rhizome . The often fleshy stems are usually upright or prostrate, sometimes they are in clusters or moss-like together; their base is seldom lignified. The above-ground parts of the plant are mostly bare, much less often hairy.

The thick-fleshed leaves in particular store water. The leaves are alternate, opposite or whorled. The leaf margins are mostly smooth (for example, in Sedum rosthornianum four to eight teeth or in Sedum engleri var. Dentatum, remotely serrated). Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are structured differently. The mostly hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual flowers are usually five-fold, rarely three to nine-fold. The sepals are usually free or less often fused at the base. The mostly five predominantly yellow, more rarely white or reddish petals are mostly free or almost free. There are usually two circles with usually five stamens each. The carpels are free or fused at their base.

There are follicles formed. The seeds are small.

physiology

Most of the species in the Sedum genus are CAM plants .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Sedum is mainly found in the subtropical and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere . However, some species are native to Central and East Africa, as well as South America . The greatest biodiversity is found in North America (around 170 species), followed by Asia (around 130 to 140 species). The remaining one hundred or so species are distributed across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Atlantic Islands.

The genus Sedum was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The botanical name of the genus Sedum is derived from a Latin common name for several species of the thick-leaf family. Type species is Sedum acre L. Linné published 16 species in Species Plantarum . Synonyms for Sedum L. are: Aithales Webb & Berthel. , Aizopsis Grulich , Amerosedum Á.Löve & D.Löve , Anacampseros Mill. , Asterosedum Grulich , Breitenia Á.Löve & D.Löve , Cepaea Fabr. , Chetyson Raf. , Clausenellia Á.Löve & D.Löve , Cockerellia (RTClausen & NWUhl) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Congdonia Jeps. , Corynephyllum Rose , Etiosedum Á.Löve & D.Löve , Gormania Britton , Helladia M.Král , Hjaltalinia Á.Löve & D.Löve , Keratolepis Rose ex Fröd. , Leucosedum Fourr. , Macrosepalum Regel & Schmalh. , Mucizonia (DC.) Batt. & Trot. , Oreosedum Grulich , Parvisedum R.T. Clausen , Petrosedum Grulich , Poenosedum Holub , Procrassula Griseb. , Pseudorosularia Gurgen. , Sedastrum Rose , Sedella Fourr. nom. inval., Spathulata (Boriss.) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Telmissa Fenzl , Tetrorum Rose , Triactina Hook. f. & Thomson . The genus Sedum is paraphyletic to this extent .

The genus Sedum belongs to the subtribe Sedinae from the tribe Sedeae in the subfamily Sedoideae within the family Crassulaceae .

According to Henk 't Hart (1944–2000) and Bert Bleij, the genus Sedum is subdivided into two sub-genera with the following species;

use

Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. In 2000 and 2011 the Sedum genus was declared Perennial of the Year by the Association of German Perennial Gardeners (BdS) .

literature

• Urs Eggli (ed.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 244-347 .
• Henk 't Hart, Urs Eggli (Ed.): Sedums of Europe: Stonecrops and Wallpeppers. CRC Press, 2003, ISBN 978-90-5809-594-7 .
• Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 12 (Resedaceae to Platanaceae). Helsinki 1999, ISBN 951-9108-12-2 .
• Werner Greuter , HM Burdet, G. Long: MED Checklist. Volume 3, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Geneva 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , pp. 19-29.

further reading

• Helmut Regnat: Origin and meaning of the generic name Sedum. In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 56, Number 1, 2005, pp. 15-19.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed} Kunjun Fu, Hideaki Ohba, Michael G. Gilbert: In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 . Sedum. , P. 221 - online with the same text as the printed work .
2. ↑ Ray Stephenson: Sedum: cultivated stonecrops. Illustrated reprint, Timber Press, 1994, ISBN 0-88192-238-2 , p. 27.
3. ^ ^{A b} Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . Volume 1, Stockholm 1753, p. 430. ( scanned at botanicus.org ).
4. ^ Sedum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 31, 2015.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak} Sedum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
6. ↑ S. Mayuzumi, H. Ohba: The phylogenetic position of East Asian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences . In: Systematic Botany , Volume 29, 2004, pp. 587-598.
7. ↑ Henk 't Hart, Bert Bleij: Phedimus. In: Urs Eggli: Succulents Lexicon , Volume 4: Crassulaceae (thick-leaf plants). 2003, pp. 204-210.
8. ^ ^{A b} Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora alpina. Volume 1 and 2. Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna Haupt-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0 .
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 12: Resedaceae to Platanaceae , page 78, Helsinki 1999, ISBN 951-9108-12-2 .
11. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} Hideaki Ohba: In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . Sedum Linnaeus. , Pp. 199–216 - the same text online as the printed work .
12. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Crassulaceae: Data sheet Sedum. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
13. ↑ Sedum: Die Staude des Jahres at staude-des-jahres.de, accessed on July 21, 2017.
14. ↑ Staude des Jahres 2000 at native-plants.de, accessed on July 21, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Sedum ( sedum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Sedum Society . (engl.)

further reading

• VY Nikulin, SB Gontcharova, R. Stephenson, AA Gontcharov: Phylogenetic relationships between Sedum L. and related genera (Crassulaceae) based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons. In: Flora , Volume 224, 2016, pp. 218–229. doi : 10.1016 / j.flora.2016.08.003 PDF .

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap