Marine chemistry
The Marine Chemistry is a branch of chemical and Oceanography , which deals with the properties of the sea water , its ingredients and the conversions in the water will be held or caused by the water employed.
history
In 1772 Lavoisier delivers the first reliable analysis of sea water. He also tries to isolate some of the constituents.
In 1865 Georg Forchheimer found that the main components of seawater are always in the same relationship to one another. The great Challenger expedition from 1872 to 1876 proved that the components of seawater are present in constant proportions worldwide. The mean salinity of the sea water is relatively constant and averages 3.47%; that's 34.7 g per kg of water. In the area of fresh water inflows, however, there is a decrease in this concentration and brackish water formation ( mixohalin ).
Research priorities
A focus of modern marine chemistry is often environmentally relevant studies on the conversion of natural and anthropogenic substances in water and their influence on marine ecosystems . Complex issues are pursued, such as the influence of fertilizers and the resulting anthropogenic eutrophication , the consequences of interventions in marine systems through marine mining, dumping, ship accidents, pipeline and cable route construction or tourism.
The interdisciplinary Lohafex experiment has recently attracted attention, examining, among other things, the influence of iron fertilization on the formation of plankton and the carbon cycle.
See also
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Bremerhaven
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Sea (ICBM) at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
Web links
- Changes in the chemistry of the ocean surface - Cluster of Excellence The Future Ocean , Kiel
literature
- Antonio Gianguzza, E. Pelizzetti, Silvio Sammartano (Eds.): Marine Chemistry: An Environmental Analytical Chemistry Approach . Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht et al. 1997, ISBN 0-7923-4622-X .
- PJ Wangersky (Ed.): Marine Chemistry . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2000, ISBN 3-540-66020-8 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- Antonio Gianguzza, Ezio Pelizzetti, Silvio Sammartano (eds.): Chemical Processes in Marine Environments: Risk Assessment of Delayed and Non-linear Responses. Springer, Berlin et al. 2000, ISBN 3-540-66618-4 .
- Klaus Grasshoff, Klaus Kremling, Manfred Ehrhardt (Eds.): Methods of Seawater Analysis . 3. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-527-29589-0 , doi : 10.1002 / 9783527613984 .