Brass instrument maker
The professional title of brass instrument maker (brass instrument maker ) describes a manufacturer and restorer of brass instruments , including:
history
The first instruments that were blown according to the principle of brass instruments were probably animal horns . In the Bronze Age this system of sound generation was applied to signal trumpets made by blacksmiths : Such finds have come down to us from the ancient Celts , Romans , Indians and others.
For a long time, the manufacture of brass instruments remained a domain of the blacksmiths, of which olifants , hunting horns or fanfares were cast from metal as a whole piece or bent from short metal tubes. Since the instruments made in this way were very short, wind players could usually only play one or two natural notes . At the beginning of the 16th century it was possible for the first time to roll flat plates from a suitable alloy ( brass with 75% copper ), to shape them into tubes and to join several such parts together, which enabled the production of longer brass instruments of high quality and, in the long term, the Participation in the orchestra opened. It can be assumed that some blacksmiths began to specialize in instrument making at this time.
Around 1750 the Dresden instrument maker Josef Werner was encouraged by a horn player from the local chapel to build exchangeable additional bows for the natural horn in order to be able to change the tuning of the instruments quickly. The invention horn , which was developed as a result, gives good evidence of the advanced art of brass instrument making. The next big step was the invention of the valves : In 1815 the resourceful horn player Heinrich Stölzel built two such valves for the right hand on his instrument, in 1819 the Leipzig instrument maker AF Sattler added the third and moved the "machine" to the left. The valve systems have since been further developed in various workshops and also fitted on trumpets .
Historically significant innovators
The following craftsmen, inventors or musicians are associated with decisive innovations in brass instrument making:
- Vincent Bach - first systematic research in the mouthpiece area , significant developments in the périnet trumpet
- Gustave Auguste Besson - designed the modern cornet and founded the instrument factory named after him
- David Blaikley - invented the automatic compensation system first used in Boosey & Hawkes instruments
- Friedrich Blühmel and Heinrich Stölzel - at the same time, but initially independently of one another, constructed the first brass instrument with valves, at that time still with the Berlin box or rotary sleeve valve
- Burt Herrick - together with Larry Minnick, developed the modern two-valve bass trombone in an in-line design
- Kauko Kahila and Edward Kleinhammer - independently developed the modern two-valve bass trombone with dependent valves in the mid-1950s
- Eduard Kruspe - developed the first double horn in the design named after him together with Bartholomäus Geisig
- Carl Wilhelm Moritz - developed the tuba on behalf of the Prussian music inspector Friedrich Wilhelm Wieprecht
- Carl August Müller - Improver of the valve system
- JW Pepper - constructed the sousaphone
- Francois Périnet - developed the pump valve further into today's Périnet valve named after him
- Joseph Riedl - designed the first rotary or cylinder valve in Vienna
- Christian Friedrich Sattler - constructed the forerunner of all valve instruments in use today and invented the tenor bass trombone with quart valve
- Adolphe Sax - with the saxhorn, constructed the forerunner of all today's tubas , euphonies and other bow horns
- Orla Ed Thayer - developed the Thayer valve named after him for the trombone in the 1980s
- Josef Werner - invented the Inventionshorn
job profile
education
The training to become a brass instrument maker is regulated by a nationwide uniform training regulation according to the Vocational Training Act and Crafts Code. The training period is usually three years. The training takes place at the training company and vocational school . The construction and repair of brass instruments require a high level of skill in processing thin sheet metal , knowledge of various designs and good hearing for the intonation of the instruments.
Important factors in the manufacture of a new instrument are the choice of material, the construction template and an idea of the quality and price that the workpiece should have.
In the case of a repair, it is necessary to be able to estimate which material spare parts are to be made of, how much the work will cost and whether the time and material expenditure for an instrument is worthwhile.
further education
The brass instrument maker can train himself to become a master brass instrument maker. The full-time and part-time preparatory courses last around 1.5 to 2 years, but they are not required to be completed.
With the appropriate requirements, a bachelor's degree in musical instrument making is also possible.
Web links
- Brass instrument maker in Berufenet the Federal Employment Agency
Individual evidence
- ^ Training regulations for brass instrument makers on juris, (PDF; 60 kB), accessed on April 4, 2012.
- ↑ General curriculum for brass instrument makers at kmk.org, (PDF; 989 kB), accessed on April 4, 2012.
- ↑ brass instrument maker master in Berufenet the Federal Employment Agency