Michael Ott from Echterdingen

Michael Ott from Echterdingen ; also of Aechtertingen (ennobled since 1513; * 1479 in Kirchheim unter Teck , † 1532 in Bad Wildbad ) was Supreme Feldzeugmeister and advice of the Holy Roman Empire I. Emperor Maximilian and Emperor Charles V .

Origin and family

Michael Ott was born in 1479 (according to medal) in Kirchheim unter Teck (according to Urfehdebrief). He died in Bad Wildbad in 1532 . Michael Ott von Echterdingen was his first marriage to the widow Katharina geb. von Westerstetten married († 1525). In 1526 he married Enora (Maria) von Stein. Both marriages remained childless.

Promotion to field equipment master of the HRR

Michael Ott worked in 1498 as a "junior writer" at the Stuttgart court chancellery. In 1503 he was arrested near Tübingen , convicted and had to swear the original feud . In 1505 he was a number writer in the Holy Roman Empire. In the armory in Innsbruck he went through training as a writer stuff, kit manager (overseer in the arsenal in 1508) and quartermaster (administrator of an armory). As Supreme Feldzeugmeister , Michael Ott was administrator of all armories in the empire from 1510 and commanded the artillery during a campaign. During his service, the world-famous kit books of Emperor Maximilian were made by the court painter Jörg Kölderer in the armory in Innsbruck .

In the Bavarian-Palatinate War of Succession 1504-1505, Michael Ott fought on the side of Bavaria and of King Maximilian in the siege of the city of Kufstein .

The great war against the Republic of Venice

1508–1516: The Republic of Venice did not allow King Maximilian to move to Rome for his coronation . For this reason, King Maximilian's coronation as "Elected Roman Emperor" took place on February 4, 1508 in Trento . Michael Ott attended the coronation celebrations.

The capture of Hohenkrähen Castle in Hegau in 1512. Robber barons sought refuge in Hohenkrähen Castle owned by Count Hans Benedikt Ernst von Friedingen. Michael Ott and Georg von Frundsberg moved with the Swabian Federation in front of Hohenkrähen Castle. Michael Ott managed to shoot a breach in the castle wall. The last faithful of the count surrendered on November 12, 1512.

Battle of the Spurs at Guinegate 1513. In Normandy , the English army met under the young English King Henry VIII and the Imperial Army, led by Emperor Maximilian I. Michael Ott was also in the wake. The city of Thérouanne was besieged. The emperor had heavy artillery set up on a hill near the town of Guinegate. When the French cavalry approached, the order was given to fire the cannonballs. The French then gave their horses the spurs and fled. The well-fortified city of Thérouanne was then taken by the besiegers.

The conquest of Hohenasperg Castle in 1519. In 1519 the Swabian Confederation was commissioned to drive Duke Ulrich I of Württemberg and Teck out of his country. In April, the Swabian Federation advanced as far as Hohenasperg . Frundsberg and Ott started bombarding the fortress on May 16. On May 24th, Georg von Frundsberg and Hans von Reischach agreed on an armistice.

Coronation of Charles V

Coronation of Charles V as Emperor in Aachen in 1520. On October 23, 1520, Charles V was crowned German King and Roman Emperor in Aachen, at which Michael Ott was also present. Then Charles V traveled with Michael Ott von Echterdingen to the Reichstag in Worms . The Kaiser sent Ott to Tournai . He brought his artillery into position in front of the well-fortified city on the Scheldt. Only after three months did Tournai give up on December 1, 1521.

Death of the Imperial Knight Franz von Sickingen in 1523. Franz von Sickingen was an ardent supporter of Martin Luther . Sickingen advocated strengthening the national church. Through secularization , Franz von Sickingen sought to disempower the church princes. With the money gained through the sale or use of church properties, Michael Ott von Echterdingen wanted to finance a powerful army, the so-called "urgent Turkish defense", against the Ottomans .

The German Peasants' War 1525

On Easter Sunday in 1525, the castle and the town of Weinsberg were conquered and plundered by the Neckar-Odenwälder farmers. Many nobles, like Ludwig von Helfenstein, were taken prisoner and had to run through the spits as punishment. The army of the Swabian Confederation, headed by head sess Georg von Waldburg-Zeil and Michael Ott von Echterdingen, went to meet the farmers. On May 8, 1525, the farmers took the town of Herrenberg by storm. On May 12th, the Württemberg peasantry and the Swabian Confederation met at the cities of Böblingen and Sindelfingen . Ott had his guns set up on a hill near the city of Sindelfingen and fired his guns. The violence of the peasants fled headlong. In a punitive action, the Swabian Federation completely destroyed the city of Weinsberg.

Archduke Ferdinand I's coronation campaign in Hungary in 1527. After the devastating defeat of the Hungarians in the Battle of Mohács against the Turks on August 29, 1526, the Voivode of Transylvania, Johann Zápolya, seized power in Hungary. Archduke Ferdinand himself claimed the Hungarian crown. In the spring of 1527 the imperial army chased Zápolya, who fled to the city of Tokaj . On September 27, 1527 there was a fierce battle in front of Tokaj and Zápolya and his followers had to flee. On November 3, 1527 Archduke Ferdinand I was crowned King of Hungary in Stuhlweissenburg (Székesfehérvar) in the presence of Michael Ott.

War of the League of Cognac 1526–1530. In the spring of 1528 Michael Ott von Echterdingen took part in the Northern Italian campaign. In the struggle for the Duchy of Milan , which had been reoccupied by France since 1512, he lost 24 of his 49 gunsmiths .

The first siege of Vienna by the Ottomans in 1529

In September 1529 a huge Turkish army marched in front of Vienna under the leadership of Sultan Suleyman . Michael Ott had to defend the section between the Red Gate Tower, Stubentor and the strategically important Kärntnertor with his guns . Surprisingly, Sultan Suleyman I withdrew on October 14, 1529.

War book

In the years 1524 to 1530, Michael Ott and his adjutant Jakob Preuss drafted the war regiment and the rules of war. Around 1530 manuscripts appeared that are referred to as the war regiment.

Coat of arms, seal

Coat of arms of the Ott von Echterdingen

In the crests of Johann Ambrosius Siebmacher (1561-1611) Ott is shown crest.

Blazon : Spanish form of the shield is an erect, right-striding, licking lion. Crest: on a five-pointed crown a growing, leaping, looking lion

Seal shows sign a considered heraldic, to the right border lions on him a right of turned Spangenhelm with helmet covers , crowned with an ordinary needle crown and adorned with a right also turned-lion. The inscription on the seal reads: MICHAYELIS OTTONIS DE AECHTERTINGEN.

Honors

Medal from Michael Ott von Aechterdingen, 1522

In 1510 Michael Ott received for his great services from Emperor Maximilian I. Sigmundskron Castle near Bozen in South Tyrol for maintenance, today Messner Mountain Museum (museum project by Reinhold Messner ).

After the second Spore Battle of Guinegate in 1513, Michael Ott was ennobled by Emperor Maximilian I. Michael Ott now called himself "Michael Ott von Aechtertingen", a place near Stuttgart . In 1522, Emperor Charles V had a foam coin minted in recognition of Michael Otts' extraordinary merits as Feldzeugmeister of the Holy Roman Empire. The circular on obverse and reverse reads: Michael Ott von Aechtertingen, Supreme Feldzeugmeister under the emperors Maximilian and Karl.

literature

• Thomas Fellner, Heinrich Kretschmayr: The Austrian Central Administration, Section 1: From Maximilian I to the Union of the Austrian and Bohemian Court Chancelleries (1749) Volume 2, 1491–1681, Vienna 1907 (Publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria 6,) p 142.
• Josef Garber: Maximilian I's armory in Innsbruck , special print from the Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte 5, Dr. Benno Filser-Verlag, GmbH, Augsburg 1928, pp. 142-160.
• August Jegel: An earlier forerunner of Lazarus Schwendi, ideas of the imperial artillery general Michel Ott von Echterdingen for the reform of the empire and nobility (1526) , in the archive for the history of the Reformation, Ritter Gerhard, Verlag Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig, 1943, issue 1/3 p 89-171.
• Monika Kallfass: Michael Ott von Echterdingen, defender of kingdom and faith , 2nd edition 2019.
• Reiner Leng: Ars belli, German tactical and warrior picture manuscripts and tracts in the 15th and 16th centuries , Volume 1, Wiesbaden, 2002, pp. 294–299.
• Adolf Murthum: The former lords of Echterdingen, their history, castle and coat of arms, Michel Ott von Echterdingen , Verlag Karl Scharr, Stuttgart 1985, 60–63.
• Jakob Smirnov: Michael Ott von Echterdingen, Supreme Feldzeugmeister under the Emperors Maximilian I and Karl V , Historical Institute of the University of Stuttgart, 2010/2011

Web links

Commons : Michel Ott von Echterdingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Eugen Schneider:  Ott, Michaell . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, p. 558 f.
• Michael Ott von Echterdingen  in the German Digital Library
• [1] Landesmuseum Württemberg: cast of a medal