Mikhail Alexejewitsch Lavrentjew

Mikhail Lavrentyev ( Russian Михаил Алексеевич Лаврентьев ; born November 6 ^{. Jul} / 19th November 1900 ^greg. In Kazan ; † 15. October 1980 in Moscow ) was a Russian mathematician and physicist .

Life

Lavrentjew graduated from Lomonosov University in Moscow in 1922 and received his doctorate there (Russian doctoral degree, equivalent to a habilitation) in 1933. He was then professor of analysis and function theory at Lomonosov University and, from 1934, head of the function theory department at Steklow, who had moved to Moscow -Institute . In 1939 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR . From 1939 to 1941 and from 1944 to 1949 he headed the Mathematics Institute of the Academy in Kiev and from 1945 he was its vice-president. In 1950 he became the director of the Institute of Mechanics and Computing of Ukraine.

Lavrentiev was one of the main organizers and (from 1957) the first chairman of the Siberian department of the Russian Academy of Sciences . With the establishment of the academy town of Akademgorodok , numerous research institutions and the Novosibirsk State University were established within a very short time . From 1975 he was back in Moscow Moscow Physics and Technology Institute (MIPT). In 1971 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina and an external member ( associé étranger ) of the Académie des sciences .

He wrote a book on conformal mapping , which he applied particularly in hydrodynamics , e.g. B. with non-linear waves, but also in geotechnical engineering and civil engineering, which was necessary for the large dam and canal construction projects in Russia from the 1940s. In the 1940s he developed the theory of quasi-conformal mapping for use in the theory of partial differential equations.

According to SP Novikov , he was a typical example of the one-sided orientation of Soviet mathematicians of the time to applications in mechanics, which he underlines with an anecdote: When asked about his opinion on the famous series of textbooks for theoretical physics by Landau and Lifschitz, Lavrentev gave them a good one Knowledge of the special functions.

Lavrentiev has received numerous awards: Hero of Socialist Labor , Lenin Prize (1958) and the Soviet State Prize (1984) and the Lomonosov - Gold Medal (1977). 1957 to 1975 he was Vice President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . In 1962 he gave a lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Stockholm ( Sur les representations quasi-conformes ).

Today the Russian Academy of Sciences awards the M. A. Lavrentiev Prize to outstanding scientists. The September 22, 1979 by NS Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nautschnyj discovered asteroid of the main belt (7322) Lavrentina was named after him.

His son Mikhail M. Lavrentiev (1932-2010) was also an eminent Russian mathematician, director of the Mathematical Institute in Novosibirsk and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Fonts

Variational methods for boundary value problems for elliptic equations, Noordhoff 1963, New York, Dover 1989
with BWSchabat: Methods of Complex Function Theory, Berlin, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1967
The problem of piercing at cosmic velocities, Washington DC, NASA 1960 (NASA technical translation)

literature

Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrent'ev on his sixtieth birthday, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Volume 24, Issue 6, pp. 1475-1492, 1960
Jean Leray, Sur Mikhail Alexievitch Lavrentiev , Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, Vie Académique, Volume 296, pp. 59-62, 1983 .

Web links

Literature by and about Michail Alexejewitsch Lavrentjew in the catalog of the German National Library
John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Mikhail Alexejewitsch Lavrentjew. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .

Individual evidence

↑ Website of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved December 3, 2016 @1@ 2

^ List of members since 1666: Letter L. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 9, 2020 (French).

^ S. Novikov, The Second Half of the 20th Century and its Conclusion: Crisis in the Physics and Mathematics Community in Russia and in the West, in: AMS Translations, Volume 212, 2004, pdf

↑ ^a ^b Mikhail Lavrentiev on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved June 20, 2018 (Russian).

^ Asteroid Lavrentina in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA ; Retrieved December 9, 2015

personal data
SURNAME	Lavrentjew, Mikhail Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Лавре́нтьев, Михаил Алексеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Russian mathematician and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH	November 19, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kazan
DATE OF DEATH	October 15, 1980
Place of death	Moscow

[1] Website of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved December 3, 2016 @1@ 2

[2] List of members since 1666: Letter L. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 9, 2020 (French).

[3] S. Novikov, The Second Half of the 20th Century and its Conclusion: Crisis in the Physics and Mathematics Community in Russia and in the West, in: AMS Translations, Volume 212, 2004, pdf

[Orden-4] Mikhail Lavrentiev on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved June 20, 2018 (Russian).

[5] Asteroid Lavrentina in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA ; Retrieved December 9, 2015