Michel Armand

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Michel B. Armand (* 1946 in Annecy , Haute-Savoie ) is a French professor ( emeritus ) of chemistry , physicist , materials researcher and electrochemist . He has been working at the CIC energiGUNE in Spain since 2011 . He conceived the late 1970s, the foundations of a rechargeable battery , the lithium - ion between two solids back and migrate back, and is the spiritual father of modern batteries, including theLithium ion battery that was launched in the 1990s. He is a pioneer in the development of polymer electrolytes and thus also a pioneer of the lithium polymer battery .

Life

Michel Armand received his Masters in Chemistry in 1968. He then worked as a Fulbright scholar from 1970 to 1971 for 18 months in the materials science department of Stanford University led by Robert Huggins . At that time there also inquired Michael S. Whittingham on solid electrolyte . In 1978 Armand received a doctorate in physics from the University of Grenoble with a thesis on intercalation electrodes . From 1982 to 1983 he worked at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory . In 1989 he became Directeur de recherche (scientist with management functions) at the Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1995 to 2004 he was Professor in the Chemistry Department of the University of Montreal (UdM) in Canada. In addition, he was director of the Community Laboratory for Electroactive Materials (CNRS-UdM International Laboratory on Electroactive Materials) from 2001 to 2004 . He then went back to the CNRS, more precisely to Amiens, and also worked for the Université de Picardie Jules Verne .

Armand has been working for the CIC energiGUNE (Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies) in Álava , Basque, since 2011 . He is a member of the scientific advisory board and heads a research group on polymer electrolytes.

Armand is married and has one child.

Create

In lithium ion accumulators, lithium ions migrate back and forth between solids during charging and discharging. These retain their essential structure when lithium is absorbed or released. Such a storage is called intercalation . In 1972 and 1973 Armand published research on related compounds and reactions.

Research, development and production

In the late 1970s, Armand proposed a battery concept in which structurally stable solid materials are used on both the positive pole side and the negative pole side that can absorb and release lithium, i.e. H. Intercalation materials. During charging and discharging, lithium ions oscillate back and forth between the electrodes; the concept was named " rocking chair battery " because of the float . A very short time after Armand's suggestion, Bruno Scrosati was able to show charge and discharge curves of a corresponding battery cell that used titanium disulfide and lithium tungsten oxide as electrode materials.

After data on the conductivity of polyethylene oxide with salts dissolved in it had been published in 1975 , Armand recognized that such polymer electrolytes were suitable for use in electrochemical energy storage devices, and he and Michel Duclot submitted the relevant patents. He had recognized that when using the solid intercalation electrodes, which absorb and release lithium in battery operation, soft electrolytes are advantageous. With his research he became a pioneer of polymer solid electrolytes and the lithium polymer battery.

In 1997, John B. Goodenough's working group proposed the lithium iron phosphate LiFePO 4 (LFP) as a new electrode material for lithium ion accumulators. Armand immediately recognized that the new material was a very good match for polymer electrolytes and was the first to understand its development potential. In order to make it technically applicable, due to the low electrical conductivity of LFP, a process first had to be developed that delivered LFP in the required purity and that made the LFP electrode electrically conductive through finely divided carbon. Armand established a collaboration with Goodenough, made significant contributions to solving the problems and was thus significantly involved in the development and commercialization of the lithium iron phosphate battery . Research in Montreal led to the founding of Phostech Lithium Inc. in 2001 , a company for the production of lithium iron phosphate for use in accumulators. In 2012, Phostech's plant reached an annual production capacity of 2500 tons.

Armand is on the scientific advisory board of a manufacturer of supercapacitors . He was or is a co-editor or member of the advisory board of various scientific journals ( Solid State Ionics , Journal of Applied Electrochemistry , Synthetic Metals , Journal of Power Sources , Bulletin of Electrochemistry ).

Application of the lithium polymer batteries based on Armand's development

Three Bolloré Bluecars in Paris (2012)

After Armand had shown that his lithium polymer battery, which he had invented before 1980, would be more powerful with lithium iron phosphate, a technical application was approaching. The French conglomerate Bolloré founded BatScap in 2001, also with the aim of developing lithium polymer batteries. The CNRS decided in 2003 to sell the battery patents to Phostech. In Armand's opinion, the selling price was far too low; he protested unsuccessfully to the Ministry of Research. In 2005, Bolloré presented the BlueCar, the first electric car with a polymer battery . Series production began in 2011, from which over 4,000 vehicles and thus a considerable proportion of the cars were taken over by the car rental company Autolib ' .

factories

Armand has supervised 30 PhD students and submitted 200 patents. According to the Scopus database , he has published at least 420 scientific articles. As of June 2021, his Scopush index was 87. ResearchGate names over 540 works.

His most cited publications include:

  • Polymer solid electrolytes - an overview, 1983
  • with Jean-Marie Tarascon : Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries, 2001 (cited over 14,300 times)
  • with Jean-Marie Tarascon: Building better batteries, 2008 (cited over 12800 times)
  • with Frank Endres , DR MacFarlane, H. Ohno, Bruno Scrosati : Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future, 2009 (cited over 3400 times)

Awards (selection)

Michel Armand has received over 15 awards and prizes. These include:

When the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for the development of lithium-ion batteries” was awarded in 2019 , Armand was not among the winners despite his important contributions. He has therefore been referred to as the “forgotten” researcher. The rules for awarding Nobel Prizes stipulate that a prize can be divided between a maximum of three laureates . The awarding committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to John Goodenough from the USA, M. Stanley Whittingham from the UK - both have worked with Armand - and Akira Yoshino from Japan. You have made the lithium ion battery a reality. Because of the maximum number of three winners, the Frenchman Armand, who had designed the concept of this energy storage device, could no longer be considered.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Heng Zhang, Chunmei Li, Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu, Stéphane Laruelle, Sylvie Grugeon: From Solid ‐ Solution Electrodes and the Rocking ‐ Chair Concept to Today's Batteries . In: Angewandte Chemie . tape 132 , no. 2 . Wiley-VCH, January 7, 2020, ISSN  0044-8249 , p. 542-546 , doi : 10.1002 / ange.201913923 ( wiley.com ).
  2. ↑ a b c Mogalahalli V. Reddy, Alain Mauger, Christian M. Julien, Andrea Paolella, Karim Zaghib: Brief History of Early Lithium Battery Development . In: Materials . tape 13 , no. 8 . MDPI, April 17, 2020, ISSN  1996-1944 , p. 1884 , doi : 10.3390 / ma13081884 , PMID 32316390 ( mdpi.com ).
  3. ↑ a b c d Michel Armand recognized as the top researcher in Spain in the field of energy. In: Media Center> Communication> News. CIC energiGUNE, accessed on June 27, 2021 (English).
  4. ↑ a b Karim Zaghib: Tribute to Michel Armand: From Solid Polymer Electrolyte to Carbon Nanopainting LiFePO 4 . (PDF) In: International Battery Association IBA 2016 Nantes, France - March 20-25, 2016. International Battery Association IBA, 2016, accessed on June 25, 2021 .
  5. ↑ a b c Alain Mauger, Christian M. Julien, John B. Goodenough , Karim Zaghib: Tribute to Michel Armand: from Rocking Chair - Li-ion to Solid-State Lithium Batteries . In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society . tape 167 , no. 7 , January 2, 2020, ISSN  1945-7111 , p. 070507 , doi : 10.1149 / 2.0072007JES ( iop.org ).
  6. ↑ Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Arne Hessenbruch: Armand biographical note. In: CaltechAUTHORS, Caltech Collection of Open Digital Archives; History of Materials Research> Individuals> Armand, Michel. Caltech Library; Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, 2001, accessed June 25, 2021 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Michel Armand. In: Talent> Our team> Michel Armand. CIC energiGUNE, 2021, accessed on June 25, 2021 (English).
  8. ↑ a b IMLB 2014 - Speakers. In: 17th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries (IMLB 2014)> Keynote and Invited Speakers. The Electrochemical Society, accessed June 28, 2021 .
  9. ↑ Dr. Michel Armand Biography. In: IBA 2016 International Battery Association, March 20 to 25 in Nantes, France> IBA2016 Guest of Honor. International Battery Association IBA, 2016, accessed on July 5, 2021 .
  10. ↑ Michel B. Armand, MS Whittingham, Robert A. Huggins : The iron cyanide bronzes . In: Materials Research Bulletin . tape 7 , no. 2 . Elsevier, February 1972, p. 101-107 , doi : 10.1016 / 0025-5408 (72) 90266-8 ( elsevier.com ).
  11. ↑ G. Nagasubramanian, DH Doughty: Polymer Electrolytes: Problems, Prospects, And Promises . Proceedings of the 8th Asian Conference, Langkawi, Malaysia, December 15-19, 2002. In: Solid State Ionics - Trends in the New Millennium . World Scientific, Langkawi, Malaysia 2002, ISBN 978-981-238-248-1 , pp. 203-214 , doi : 10.1142 / 9789812776259_0024 ( worldscientific.com ).
  12. ↑ a b Bernadette Bensaude Vincent, Sacha Loeve: Presentation: Armand, Michel B. In: Sciences: histoire orale (SHO)> Individual> ARMAND Michel B., 2001-09-18> Biographie détaillée. September 18, 2001, accessed July 3, 2021 (French).
  13. ↑ Patent FR7832976 : Nouveaux matériaux elastomeric à conduction ionique. Applied on November 22, 1978 , published on June 20, 1980 , applicant: Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la Recherche (ANVAR), inventors: Michel Armand, Michel Duclot. ‌
  14. ↑ Patent US4303748 : Electrochemical generators for producing current and new materials for their manufacture. Applied on November 20, 1979 , published on December 1, 1981 , Applicant: Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la Recherche (ANVAR), Inventors: Michel Armand, Michel Duclot. ‌
  15. ↑ Bernadette Bensaude Vincent, Michel B. Armand, Hervé Arribart: ARMAND Michel B., 2001-09-18. In: Sciences: histoire orale (SHO)> Individus> ARMAND Michel B., 2001-09-18. September 18, 2001, accessed July 3, 2021 .
  16. ↑ Lithium iron phosphate (LMP / LFP) battery. In: REVE News of the wind sector in Spain and in the world. Spanish Wind Energy Association, July 6, 2011, accessed June 27, 2021 (American English).
  17. ^ Sophie Langlois: Université de Montréal creates an International Laboratory for Research on Electro-active Materials. In: Université de Montréal Press Release. Université de Montréal, October 15, 2001, accessed June 27, 2021 .
  18. ↑ Süd-Chemie subsidiary Phostech continues its activities with LFP battery material despite a ruling by a Canadian court of appeal. In: chemie.de. Lumitos AG, August 24, 2011, accessed June 27, 2021 .
  19. ↑ Key Personnel. In: CAP-XX. CAP-XX, accessed June 28, 2021 (Australian English).
  20. ↑ a b Philippe Reltien: Michel Armand l'inventeur déçu de la batterie lithium of Autolib. In: Accueil> Sciences. France Inter, October 5, 2017, accessed July 21, 2021 (French).
  21. ↑ Bolloré Group Introduces BlueCar Lithium-Metal-Polymer EV Concept. In: Green Car Congress. BioAge Group, LLC, March 7, 2005, accessed July 21, 2021 .
  22. ↑ a b Armand, Michel B. In: scopus. Elsevier, accessed July 3, 2021 .
  23. ↑ Michel ARMAND | Professor Emeritus | PhD | Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens | UPJV | UFR of sciences. In: Authors / Profile. ResearchGate GmbH, accessed on July 5, 2021 (English).
  24. ↑ Michel Armand: Polymer solid electrolytes - an overview . In: Solid State Ionics . tape 9-10 . Elsevier, December 1983, pp. 745-754 , doi : 10.1016 / 0167-2738 (83) 90083-8 ( elsevier.com ).
  25. ^ Jean-Marie Tarascon, Michel Armand: Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries . In: Nature . tape 414 , no. 6861 , November 2001, ISSN  0028-0836 , p. 359-367 , doi : 10.1038 / 35104644 ( nature.com ).
  26. ↑ Michel Armand, Jean-Marie Tarascon: Building better batteries . In: Nature . tape 451 , no. 7179 , February 2008, ISSN  0028-0836 , p. 652-657 , doi : 10.1038 / 451652a ( nature.com ).
  27. ↑ Michel Armand, Frank Endres, Douglas R. MacFarlane, Hiroyuki Ohno, Bruno Scrosati: Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future . In: Nature Materials . tape 8 , no. 8 , August 2009, ISSN  1476-1122 , p. 621-629 , doi : 10.1038 / nmat2448 ( nature.com ).
  28. ^ Electrochemistry Group Awards. In: Membership & professional community> Connect with others> Through interests> Electrochemistry Group> Awards. Royal Society of Chemistry, accessed June 28, 2021 (UK English).
  29. ^ Battery Division Research Award. In: ECS> Programs> Honors & Awards Program> Division Awards. The Electrochemical Society, accessed June 27, 2021 (American English).
  30. ^ Electrochimica Acta Gold Medal. In: Society Awards. International Society of Electrochemistry, accessed June 27, 2021 .
  31. ↑ Alessandro Volta Medal. In: ECS. The Electrochemical Society, accessed July 3, 2021 (American English).
  32. ↑ Jakob Piehl: Honorary Doctors of the Faculty of Science and Technology - Uppsala University, Sweden. In: Academic traditions> Prizes> Honorary doctorates> Science and Technology. Uppsala University, accessed June 27, 2021 .
  33. ^ Prix ​​Aymé-Poirson. (PDF) Académie des sciences, accessed on June 26, 2021 (French).
  34. ↑ 2016 Recipients of IBA Awards. In: IBA 2016 International Battery Association, March 20 to 25 in Nantes, France. International Battery Association IBA, 2016, accessed July 5, 2021 .
  35. ^ Honorary awards. In: About Deakin> Reputation and recognition. Deakin University, accessed June 28, 2021 .
  36. ↑ Michel Armand. In: About Deakin> People> Michel Armand. Deakin University, accessed June 28, 2021 .
  37. ↑ Kathrin Zinkant: Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Honor for lithium-ion batteries. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung sueddeutsche.de. Süddeutsche Zeitung GmbH, Munich, October 9, 2019, accessed on July 24, 2021 .
  38. ↑ Kathrin Zinkant: Battery pioneers receive Nobel Prize in Chemistry . In: Tamedia Publications Deutschschweiz AG (Ed.): Tages-Anzeiger . October 9, 2019, ISSN  1422-9994 ( tagesanzeiger.ch [accessed July 24, 2021]).
  39. ↑ archyde: Rififi around the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In: Archyde.com. December 9, 2019, accessed July 24, 2021 (American English).
personal data
SURNAME Armand, Michel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Armand, Michel B.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French electrochemist and university professor
BIRTH DATE 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Annecy