Milan Gorkic

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Milan Gorkić (1937 after his arrest)

Milan Gorkić , born Josef Čižinský , (born February 19, 1904 in Sarajevo , † November 1, 1937 in Moscow ) was a Czech - Yugoslav communist .

Life

Čižinský's father Václav Čižinský was a Czech upholsterer who moved to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1899 with his wife Antonija Mimerova, a seamstress , where he worked for the Austro-Hungarian administration. Čižinský's older brother Ladislav (* 1901) became a machinist, while his younger brother Bohumil became an architect and lived in Czechoslovakia until 1986 .

Čižinský started school in Bosanski Brod in 1910 . He then went to high school in Derventa , which was soon closed because of the First World War . When the high school in Slavonski Brod also closed, he studied privately. In 1918 he passed the entrance examination for the Sarajevo Commercial Academy. There he joined a workers' organization and read with comrades the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as well as the revolutionary journal Plamen by Miroslav Krleža . On May 1, 1919, Čižinský was arrested with some comrades. On December 4, 1919, the League of Young Communists of Yugoslavia (SKOJ) was founded in Sarajevo and chose Čižinský as its leader. On November 28, 1920, he gave a speech to members of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPJ) founded in 1919 . After the first congress of the SKOJ in 1921, the league was divided into an apprentice branch and a student branch. Čižinský became the secretary of the student branch. On July 29, 1921, he was arrested and served six months in prison. In a newspaper article from October 14, 1921, he first used his pseudonym Milan Gorkić . He was expelled from the Sarajevo Commercial Academy and the Čižinský family was expelled to Czechoslovakia. On the night of 29./30. In December 1921, King Alexander I announced the ban on the CPJ, whereupon thousands of communists were arrested and the organizations of the CPJ and SKOJ were smashed. Gorkić played an important role in the reorganization of the CPJ and SKOJ underground. He reported on this at the 1922 CPY Congress in Vienna .

In 1924 Gorkić was elected to the Central Committee of the SKOJ. 1924-1927 he was the representative of Yugoslavia in the Comintern in Moscow. He was elected to the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Comintern of Youth (KIM) and to the KIM Secretariat. On behalf of the party, he traveled extensively in Austria , Germany and Czechoslovakia. In Germany he married the Comintern employee Betti Nikolajewna Glan . In early 1928 he was elected KIM secretary. In the summer of 1928 he was elected a member of the Comintern's International Control Commission at the Comintern Congress. In 1930 he became a permanent representative of the Comintern on the British Party Committee . He also worked in the CPJ and in the Comintern's Balkan Secretariat.

Gorkić stayed illegally in Yugoslavia several times. In 1932 he was elected secretary of the Central Committee of the CPJ under the pseudonym Sommer at the instigation of Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin . However, he was banned from traveling to Yugoslavia for security reasons. He now worked in the Comintern cells in Vienna and Paris and directed the CPY from exile. In November 1932, he criticized the leaders of the Dalmatian Communists that they are not located on the Velebit Uprising of the Ustasha were involved. During those years he only spent 3 months in Moscow. In 1935 he was a delegate to the VII Comintern Congress and was elected to the Executive Committee. The Croatian communists were asked to join the Croatian Peasant Party and take the lead in it. As part of Gorkić's nationality policy, the CPJ founded the Union of Communists of Croatia and the Union of Communists of Slovenia in 1937 .

In 1937 in Paris, Gorkic was ordered to come to Moscow immediately to report. On the way to Germany he met his wife Betti Glan for the last time. He was arrested in Moscow on August 14, 1937. The Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced him to the maximum sentence for Trotskyism , terrorist activities and espionage . He was shot on November 1, 1937. His ashes were buried in the Donskoy cemetery . In 1956 he was rehabilitated.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Očak, Ivan: Gorkić, život, rad i pogibija . University of Zagreb - Center for Historical Sciences, Department for Croatian History, 1984, ISBN 86-343-0339-X .
  2. ↑ M. Gorkic: Approaching the companies: organizational situation and Tasks of the KJI . Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Berlin 1928.
  3. ↑ a b Lazitch, Branko; Drachkovitch, Milorad: Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern: Revised Edition . Hoover Press, 1986, ISBN 0-8179-8401-1 .
  4. ↑ Bulajić, Milan: Ustaški zločini genocida i suđenje Andriji Artukoviću 1986. godine . Izdavačka radna organizacija "Wheel", 1988.
  5. ↑ Jonjić, Tomislav: Otvoreni Povratak jugoslavenskim korijenima . In: Politički zatvorenik . Hrvatsko društvo političkih zatvorenika, 2000.
  6. ^ Rogovin, Vadim : Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR . Mehring Books, 2009, ISBN 978-1-893638-04-4 .
personal data
SURNAME Gorkic, Milan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Čižinský, Josef (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech-Yugoslovak communist
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Sarajevo
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1937
Place of death Moscow