Millicent Fawcett statue

The Millicent Fawcett statue shortly after its unveiling

By the Turner Prize winner Gillian Wearing made Millicent Fawcett statue represents Millicent Fawcett is a leading British feminist and activist in the women's suffrage movement . Unveiled on April 24, 2018 , the statue is the first memorial to a woman and the first woman-made statue to be erected in Parliament Square , London . Following a campaign and petition by activist Caroline Criado-Perez , the statue was sponsored by UK Prime Minister Theresa May and Mayor of London Sadiq Khan , and funded by the government's Centenary Fund , set up to mark the centenary of women's suffrage.

Description of the statue

Emily Davison, 1913, the so-called "martyr of the women's rights movement"

The cast bronze statue by artist Gillian Wearing depicts Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett at the age of 51 when she became president of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) in 1897 . In her hands she holds a banner with the inscription " COURAGE CALLS TO COURAGE EVERYWHERE " (German: " Courage calls out courage "), a saying from her memorial speech in honor of the suffragette Emily Davison, who died in 1913 . She is dressed in typical late Victorian fashion for this time and wears a walking suit with a long dress under a waist-length coat. Wearing also transferred the pattern and texture of the tweed to the mold . The Fawcett Society loaned the artist brooches from Fawcett's estate to be able to recreate them in detail for the statue.

Due to critical feedback from members of Westminster City Council , the original design of the statue was changed, because the way Fawcett initially held the banner, when looking at the figure from the side, it looked as if it were about to hang laundry to dry. Wearing then changed the design so that Fawcett kept the banner a little lower and flatter at the top corners.

About Millicent Fawcett

Millicent Fawcett, 1918

→ Main article : Millicent Fawcett

Millicent Fawcett was a prominent feminist and women's suffrage activist . She joined the Central Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage in London in 1874 , which was reorganized in 1877. She was asked in 1896 to chair joint meetings of women 's suffrage societies , from which the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) emerged. From 1897 to 1919 she held the office of President of the NUWSS.

Millicent and Henry Fawcett were particularly involved in the social, political and educational issues of women in India during World War I.

Campaigns for a woman statue in Parliament Square

Monument to Millicent Fawcett

Caroline Criado-Perez
started the campaign in 2016

After Caroline Criado-Perez found out on March 8, 2016 , International Women's Day , while jogging through Parliament Square that all the statues installed there represented men, the feminist activist and journalist decided to start a campaign to erect a statue of women. In 2013 she had already initiated a similar campaign to portray a woman on British banknotes, after the only woman, Elizabeth Fry (except Queen Elizabeth II , who is shown on the front of every pound note) on the back of the £ 5 note Winston Churchill had been replaced. Soon after, the Bank of England announced that Jane Austen would appear on the back of the £ 10 note, which it has been since September 14, 2017.

The campaign was about the erection of a statue in Parliament Square to represent a suffragette on the 100th anniversary of Parliament's decision of the Representation of the People Act 1918 to reform the electoral system in Great Britain and Ireland. After doing some research, Criado-Perez found that only 2.7 percent of statues in the UK depict individual women, excluding members of the British Royal Family . To mark the opening of the campaign on May 10, 2016, she wrote an open letter signed by 42 prominent women to the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan , with the request that the statue of a suffragette be erected in Parliament Square in February 2018. Khan very quickly agreed to the statue but abstained from erecting it in Parliament Square. The authorities would "find a suitable place for the statue".

An online petition for the statue drew around 74,000 signatures. It was presented to Parliament during a Fawcett Society event on June 7, 2016. That same day, Criado-Perez proposed Millicent Fawcett as a statue, adding, “It's shocking that there isn't a statue of her - and Parliament Square is clearly the best place to do it. Not around the corner or on the street. But exactly on Parliament Square. "

On April 2, 2017, it was announced that a statue of Fawcett would be erected in Parliament Square. Prime Minister Theresa May said: “Millicent Fawcett set the example in the struggle for equality and she continues to inspire the fight against current injustices. It is right and proper that she should be honored in Parliament Square among the figures of history who changed our country. ”The Suffrage Statue Commission selected Turner Prize winner Gillian Wearing, the statue with support from the Centenary Fund the government to design and create.

The statue became part of the 14-18 NOW series of artistic commissions commemorating the 100th anniversary of the First World War .

Memorial to Emmeline Pankhurst

Emmeline Pankhurst was arrested outside Buckingham Palace on May 21, 1914 when she tried to petition George V.

During the 2014 campaign for a statue of Fawcett, a counter-campaign was launched to install a statue of Emmeline Pankhurst in Parliament Square. The counter-campaign was supported by then Prime Minister David Cameron , former MP Neil Thorne , current Chair of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council Andrea Leadsom, and former Speaker of the House of Commons Betty Boothroyd . There has been a statue of Pankhurst since 1930, which was extended to the Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial in 1958 and moved to its current location, next to the Palace of Westminster in Victoria Tower Gardens . The Pankhurst campaign was originally intended to move the Pankhurst statue to Parliament Square. However, it has been found to be too small for that. Anti-Campaign Commission sculptor Angela Conner then created a 12 foot (3.7 meter) high statue of Pankhurst. Now that there were statues of both Fawcett and Pankhurst, it was discussed whether to install them together in Parliament Square.

Activists on both campaigns initially agreed, but after Thorne received initial approval from Westminster City Council to erect both statues, members of the Fawcett campaign declined at a second meeting. Criado-Perez said she was "unwilling to compromise on the main point of the campaign, which is to erect a statue for a new woman." She expressed concern that two statues in Parliament Square would receive less attention than just one. The decision by Westminster City Council was in favor of the Fawcett statue. It was announced that a future statue of Pankhurst in Parliament Square would not be ruled out, but that the current one in Victoria Tower Gardens would have to be moved elsewhere.

In response to this decision, Thorne said that by then the new Pankhurst statue should be erected in Brompton Cemetery , where Pankhurst was also buried, because the space in Victoria Tower Gardens had already been planned elsewhere. The discussion about the suffragette statues was joined by another campaign for the erection of a statue of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Parliament Square. The council turned down the possibility, however, because the erection was not subject to the 10-year rule, because a statue of her may not be erected in Parliament Square until ten years after the death of the person depicted. Thatcher's family also spoke out against the statue's design. There are already other statues of Thatcher in London: the one in the Guildhall was desecrated in 2002 by theater producer Paul Kelleher and eventually beheaded with a fortifying pole, and the following year another was commissioned for the Palace of Westminster.

Other voices also indicated that Parliament Square was the right place, but the statue should be from a more radical and well-known activist such as Mary Shelley , Sylvia Pankhurst or Emily Davison.

revelation

Theresa May speaking
during the unveiling

An hour-long ceremony was celebrated for the unveiling of the statue on April 24, 2018 in the presence of the Prime Minister, the Mayor of London, school children and choirs. Three generations of women and girls did the unveiling themselves: Jennifer Loehnis (a descendant of Fawcett), Criado-Perez, Justine Simons (Deputy Mayor for Culture and Creative Industries) and two students from Millbank Academy in Westminster and Platanos College in Lambeth . During the celebrations, Theresa May paid tribute to Fawcett's contribution not only to women's suffrage, but also to the fact that she and other women MPs could hold positions in parliament.

Criado-Perez called the statue's unveiling "a damn good start" in terms of increasing representation of women in Britain in both cultural and political spheres. Similar views also supported Sadiq Khan, Labor Party leader Jeremy Corbyn and former Head of Department Harriet Harman , who suggested moving the male statues in the square temporarily to other locations in London to allow only female statues in this prominent location.

reception

The art editor of the BBC News , Will Gompertz , said that before the unveiling of Millicent Fawcett statue only statues of historically very significant people such as Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George were at Parliament Square. He praised Criado-Perez's campaign and described Wearing's execution as "exceptional". Gompertz praised the overall concept of the design and the compelling banner she carries in her hands. He believes the design of Wearing's work Signs That Say What You Want Them To Say And Not Signs That Say What Someone Else Wants You To Say was influenced by in the early 1990s, which featured a number of photographs of Strangers left who showed their personal thoughts and opinions on white cards. The statue is believed to have a significant impact on a contextual change in Parliament Square, and he said that "it makes most of the other statues look ridiculous, pompous, or both" (except for the statue of Gandhi next door) and that since Brian Haw's peace protest it has been in Parliament Square is in focus.

June Purvis , Emerita in Women's and Gender History at the University of Portsmouth , criticized some parts of the statue, saying that the saying on the banner was written about Emily Davison by Fawcett, but not after her death in 1913, but not until 1920. Fawcett's National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies refused to attend Davison's funeral and did not send a funeral wreath. In addition, Purvis emphasized that the picture of Davison was nevertheless placed on the back of the statue and that the campaign was started with the intention of commemorating a suffragette, and not a women's suffrage activist, in Parliament Square.

List of engravings

The names and pictures of 55 women and 4 men who supported the fight for women's suffrage were engraved all around the base like a ribbon. These are listed here:

• Margaret Ashton (1856–1937), English women's suffrage activist, local politician, pacifist , philanthropist and first female City Councilor of Manchester
• Minnie Baldock (1864–1954), British suffragette, co-founder of the first London branch of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Lady Frances Balfour (1858-1931), one of the most senior British aristocrats who led the women's suffrage movement, and President of the National Society for Women's Suffrage
• Lydia Becker (1827-1890), British suffragette and botanist and founder of the Women's Suffrage Journal
• Rosa May Billinghurst (1875-1953), British suffragette
• Teresa Billington-Greig (1877–1964), suffragette and co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
• Helen Blackburn (1842–1903), Irish social reformer , suffragette and campaigner for women's suffrage
• Priscilla Bright McLaren (1815–1906), British activist who linked the anti-slave movement with the women's suffrage movement, and a member of the Edinburgh Ladies' Emancipation Society
• Frances Power Cobbe (1822–1904), Irish writer , social reformer, suffragette and pioneer in the fight against animal testing
• Dame Margery Corbett Ashby DBE (1882–1981), British women's suffrage activist, politician ( Liberal Party ), feminist and internationalist
• Jessie Craigen (1835–1899), working class women's suffrage activist
• Emily Davison (1872-1913), English militant suffragette (considered a martyr of the women's rights movement )

Charlotte Despard , Sinn Féin activist

• Charlotte Despard (1844–1939), British writer, suffragette and women's rights activist and later one of the first Sinn Féin activists
• Flora Drummond (1878–1949), British suffragette and one of the organizers of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Princess Sophia Duleep Singh (1876-1948), British suffragette
• Isabella Ford (1855–1924), English social reformer, women's suffrage activist and author, and member of the National Board of Directors of the Independent Labor Party
• Netta Franklin CBE (1866–1964), British educator and women's suffrage activist
• Louisa Garrett Anderson MD, CBE (1873–1943), British physician and suffragette, director of the Women's Hospital Corps and a member of the Royal Society of Medicine
• Mary Gawthorpe (1881–1973), British-American socialist , trade unionist , suffragette and suffragette
• Eva Gore-Booth (1870–1926), Irish poet and playwright as well as committed women's suffrage activist , social worker and labor movement activist
• Anna Haslam (1829–1922), women's suffrage activist and one of the leading figures in the Irish women's movement
• Claude Hinscliff (1875–1964), British women's suffrage activist and founder of the Anglican Church League for Women's Suffrage
• Laurence Housman (1865–1959), English playwright, author and illustrator, founder of the Men's League for Women's Suffrage and co-founder of the Suffrage Atelier
• Edith How-Martyn (1875–1954), British suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Elsie Inglis MD (1864-1917), innovative Scottish physician, women's suffrage activist, and founder of Scottish Women's Hospitals
• Annie Kenney (1879–1953), English working class suffragette and co-founder of the first London branch of the Women's Social and Political Union
• George Lansbury (1859–1940), British social politician , pacifist and theosophist and leader of the Labor Party
• Minnie Lansbury (1889–1922), one of the leading suffragettes and councilor of the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar , London
• Mary Lowndes (1856–1929), British glass painter , poster artist and women's suffrage activist, and founding member and chair of the Artists' Suffrage League
• Mary Macarthur (1880–1921), Scottish women's suffrage activist and trade unionist, general secretary of the Women's Trade Union League and co-founder of the National Federation of Women Workers and the National Anti-Sweating League
• Margaret Mackworth (1883–1958), Welsh author and women's rights activist and founder of the political magazine Time and Tide
• Chrystal Macmillan (1872-1937), Scottish Liberal Party politician, lawyer , feminist, suffrage activist, suffragette and pacifist, first female graduate from Edinburgh University , first female honorary doctorate in mathematics and co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
• Edith Mansell-Moullin (1859–1941), English women's suffrage and social activist
• Catherine Marshall (1880–1961), women's suffrage activist, pacifist and activist for the League of Nations
• Eva McLaren (1852–1921), English women's suffrage activist and superintendent of the franchise department of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union and thus interim president of the White Ribbon campaign , an international men's movement against male violence in couple relationships
• Dora Montefiore (1851–1933), Anglo-Australian women's suffrage activist, socialist and poet

Christabel Pankhurst (around 1910),
co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union

• Ada Nield Chew (1870–1945), British women's suffrage activist
• Catherine Osler (1854–1924), British social reformer and women's suffrage activist
• Maud Palmer (1858–1950), British political and women's rights activist
• Adela Pankhurst (1885–1961), British-Australian suffragette and co-founder of the Communist Party of Australia and the fascist Australia First Movement
• Dame Christabel Pankhurst DBE (1880–1958), British suffragette and radical suffragette and co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928), British radical feminist theorist, suffragette and suffragette and co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union
• Sylvia Pankhurst (1882–1960), English suffragette and suffrage activist
• Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence (1867–1954), British suffragette
• Frederick Pethick-Lawrence (1871–1961), British Labor Party politician and Minister for India and Burma, who was involved in the Women's Social and Political Union
• Agnes Pochin (1825–1908), British women's rights activist
• Eleanor Rathbone (1872–1946), British independent politician and suffragette
• Sarah Reddish (1850-1928), British trade unionist and suffragette who was active in the cooperative movement
• Annot Robinson (1874–1925), Scottish suffragette and pacifist and co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
• Esther Roper (1868–1938), English women's suffrage activist and working class social justice activist
• Lolita Roy (* 1865), Indian-British women's suffrage activist
• Maude Royden (1876–1956), preacher and women's suffrage activist
• Julia Scurr (1871–1927), British politician and suffragette
• Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington (1877–1946), suffragette and Irish nationalist and co-founder of the Irish Women's Franchise League and the Irish Women Workers' Union
• Nessie Stewart-Brown (1864–1958), British women's suffrage activist and Liberal Party politician
• Ray Strachey (1887–1940), British feminist and politician, artist and author
• Helena Swanwick (1864–1939), British feminist and pacifist
• Ellen Wilkinson (1891–1947), British Labor Party politician and Second Secretary of the United Kingdom
• Elizabeth Wolstenholme Elmy (1833-1918), British feminist women's suffrage activist, essayist and poet

Web links

Commons : Statue of Millicent Fawcett  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• Sebastian Borger : Courage brings new courage , in: Frankfurter Rundschau, October 6, 2017

Individual evidence

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Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 2.6 ″  N , 0 ° 7 ′ 38 ″  W.