Mediterranean firethorn

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Mediterranean firethorn
Mediterranean firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea), fruiting

Mediterranean firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea ), fruiting

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Firethorn ( Pyracantha )
Type : Mediterranean firethorn
Scientific name
Pyracantha coccinea
M. Roem.
Mediterranean firethorn

The Mediterranean firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea ) is also called the European firethorn and is native to southern Europe , Asia Minor and the Caucasus . It was introduced to Central Europe in the 17th century, but was also represented in this area during the Tertiary period .

description

The Mediterranean firethorn is an evergreen, very densely branched deciduous shrub with sparsely protruding and spreading branches and strong shoot thorns. It becomes 2 to 3 (to 5) m high, its young shoots are hairy gray. The leaves are elliptical to lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm long, more or less pointed with a wedge-shaped base. The leaves are also densely serrated, glabrous on the underside or slightly hairy at the beginning. The petiole is 2 to 5 mm long and hairy.

Mediterranean firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea )

The inflorescence is hairy. The fruit is usually 5 to 7 mm thick, bright red to yellow and sticks to the shrub for a long time.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.

Locations

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The Mediterranean firethorn is grown as an ornamental shrub . It only rarely grows wild and unstable (e.g. on road embankments). It is very undemanding, more suitable for dry and heavy soils, hardy and industry-proof and prefers light locations.

ecology

The white flowers are " nectar- bearing disc flowers", they stand in upright, dense panicles of the very richly flowering and fruiting shrub. The walls of the five carpels harden as they ripen and become stony. The flowering period extends from May to June.

The fruits are pea-sized apple fruits , which are colored vividly red by carotenoids , but also yellow in certain cultivars.

There is digestive dissemination: The fruits are z. B. eaten by blackbirds in late winter , the seeds of green finches . The fruit ripens in September ( winter stand ).

Vegetative propagation occurs through root shoots.

Ingredients, toxicity

The seeds are by cyanide -releasing glycosides slightly toxic. The pulp and the other parts of the plant are free from cyanogenic glycosides.

In the leaves are u. a. Rutic and chlorogenic acid.

use

The Mediterranean firethorn is a decorative ornamental shrub for gardens and plants. Because of its cut resistance, it is very suitable for hedge planting and as a wall trellis. It is also suitable for greening facades , as it can be guided on climbing aids like a climbing plant that climbs apart .

Common names

The other German-language trivial names Feuerdorn, Feuerstrauch, Feuriger Busch ( Switzerland ) and Fürbusch (Switzerland) exist for the Mediterranean firethorn.

literature

  • Franz H. Meyer, Ulrich Hecker, Hans Rolf Höster, Fred-Günter Schroeder: Woody flora. Founded by Jost Fitschen. 11th expanded and corrected edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01268-7 , pp. 58-81.
  • Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Woods. Purpose, origin and areas of life, properties and use (=  garden flora . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2006, ISBN 3-8001-3479-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 390 .
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 509.
  3. ↑ a b Lutz Roth , Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann : Toxic Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 (reprint from 1994).
  4. ↑ Overview climbing plants , In: Fassadengrünung-Polygrün.de
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 116. ( online ).

Web links

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