Mobile task force
Mobile Einsatzkommandos ( MEK ) are special units (SE) of the German police forces for observation and access .
history
After the hostage-taking of Munich , the Interior Ministers' Conference decided in 1974 to set up search teams in the individual federal states through the "deployment decree for special units", from which the mobile task forces later emerged.
tasks
The main tasks of an MEK are observation and access in special situations: The primary task of an MEK is the covert observation of suspects in criminal proceedings . An MEK is only requested for serious crimes, particularly in the area of organized crime and counter-terrorism . The observation can be carried out by personnel as well as by means of technology. The results are z. B. brought into the criminal proceedings through observation protocols, photographs or videos. Further tasks are direction finding and location, the technical observation of z. B. People, vehicles and mobile phones as well as the protection of undercover investigators in the event of potentially problematic contact with the perpetrator.
MEKs also arrest people. The planned access by an MEK occurs surprisingly for the arrested person from his or her movement, i.e. mostly from a mobile position (driving / running offender), in the case of the special task force, however, mainly from the static position (e.g. from a bank at Hostage situations). However, both MEKs and SEKs are trained to cope with both police situations . However, if strong armament, high resistance or locked doors are to be expected from the police counterpart in advance, support is often requested from a SEK that is better equipped to protect itself.
Legal basis
Since in the Federal Republic of Germany an MEK is a unit of the police and interferes with the basic rights (e.g. privacy , inviolability of the home ) of a citizen, certain requirements must be met by the legislator for the use of an MEK . Section 163f of the Code of Criminal Procedure , which regulates long-term observation, is primarily relevant here. The legal basis of the technical observation can be found in paragraphs §§ 100 a. ff. StPO.
If necessary, legal bases for observation can also be derived from the police laws of the federal states and the BKA , e.g. B. § 16 BKAG .
An MEK may request the support of other observation units subject to the StPO, for example by the mobile search units (MFEs), or provide support for this. Direct cooperation with an intelligence service and its surveillance forces is, however, not permitted by law ( separation requirement ).
Inclusion
In some federal states, an MEK is affiliated with the criminal police , but in most cases with the protection police. Exceptions are the MEKs of the state criminal investigation offices, which in some federal states exist independently of the authorities' own MEKs.
Selection process and training
Every MEK officer is a law enforcement officer with special training. An aptitude and selection procedure should filter out unsuitable officials. Medical and athletic aptitude that goes beyond the requirements of the PDV 300 is the first selection criterion on which a large number of applicants fail. This is followed, depending on the federal state, by psychological and scientific aptitude tests, driving tests and, ultimately, a selection interview. Failure to pass one of the tests mentioned will lead directly to exclusion from the selection process and thus to the applicant's unsuitability for use in this special unit. In a MEK basic training, the so-called introductory training (EFB), observation tactics, driver training, handling of weapons, intrinsic security and access techniques as well as handling and use of the special observation technique are taught over a period of one year.
A replacement from this course due to poor performance or social unsuitability is possible every day. This exerts a special pressure on the course participants, which is consistently maintained not least through the permanent "monitoring" of the course management or the trainers. Before the start of the introductory training, some federal states require a period of up to five months in an investigative service of the criminal police in order to allow the future "MEKis" an insight from the clerk and thus to increase the understanding of the later work in the command. After passing this course, there is usually a several-month internship trial period, during which the determination of social suitability or the positive inclusion of the graduate in the existing team structures of the command are in the foreground. After the final admission to a mobile task force, in addition to constant training in the generally required services, further training courses offered by the federal states and the federal government are completed; For example, training in direction finding technology, video observation, the use of eavesdropping technology, etc. Regular and persistent sports training is mandatory and takes into account the high level of physical fitness of every officer.
Breakdown in the federal states
At the federal level , the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) has a large MEK. The MEK BKA processes the investigative proceedings carried out in the BKA, but within the scope of administrative assistance , state proceedings are also supported in terms of personnel and / or technical and material support. In the Federal Customs Administration , the customs investigation offices have the Customs Observation Units (OEZ), which are equivalent to MEK in terms of training and equipment, but operate within the scope of customs duties. With the mobile search units MFE of the BPOLI KBen, the Federal Police has comparable units, which, however, have less material in terms of equipment.
As a rule, every federal state in Germany has set up at least one MEK and one SEK.
- In Baden-Württemberg , the mobile task forces have been part of the Special Forces Directorate of the Police Headquarters Operation in Göppingen since 2014, together with the SEK .
- In Hesse , the MEK, SEK and the negotiating group are located in the Special Forces / Special Forces Directorate at the Police Headquarters in North Hesse in Kassel and at the Police Headquarters in Frankfurt .
- In Lower Saxony there is one MEK in each of the six police departments and three more in the LKA Lower Saxony .
- In North Rhine-Westphalia there are a total of seven locations where an MEK is maintained. In addition to the two MEKs of the LKA in Düsseldorf (subject areas 64.1 and 64.2), this includes the MEK locations in the so-called "Section 4 authorities" of the police headquarters in Bielefeld , Cologne , Dortmund , Münster , Düsseldorf and Essen . The named locations also correspond to the locations of the SEK.
- In Saxony , the MEK and SEK are located in the Saxony State Criminal Police Office in Dresden .
- In Thuringia , MEK, SEK and the operational-technical task force (OTEG) are located in Department 32 at the Thuringia State Criminal Police Office in Erfurt .
- In Hamburg , the tasks of the SEK and MEK are carried out by so-called integrated groups, while in almost all federal states the tasks of the MEK and SEK are separate. But there is also a “pure” MEK in Hamburg.
- Schleswig-Holstein maintains an MEK based at the LKA in Kiel.
- In Berlin , the MEK and SEK are affiliated with the State Criminal Police Office. In addition, each of the six directorates has its own MEK.
- There are three MEK locations in Bavaria , which are divided into the local areas of responsibility of Southern Bavaria (Munich), Northern Bavaria (Nuremberg) and the State Criminal Police Office (Munich). All three locations operate independently, but work together in larger situations.
Web links
- SEK-Einsatz.de News about special units of the German police
Individual evidence
- ↑ Customs online - Customs observation units. Retrieved November 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Organization chart "Police Headquarters Frankfurt am Main" according to Decree of April 18, 2010 , accessed June 8, 2019