Moritz Gotthilf Schwartze
Moritz Gotthilf Schwartze (born February 24, 1802 in Weißenfels , Province of Saxony , † 1848 in Heidelberg ) was a religious historian and coptologist .
Life and work
Schwartze received his first preparatory training at the Roßleben monastery school . In Leipzig he studied history and philosophy for two years and theology for three years. After he had been tutor to Duke Emil von Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg , he received his doctorate in Halle in 1829 as Dr. phil. with the dissertation "De Jove Ammone et Osiride". After a further period as a private tutor with a Polish aristocratic family, he studied theology again in Berlin and applied to the theological faculty for a teaching permit with a dissertation "De Hebraeorum scepsi". The theological faculty turned him away, recommending a career in the philosophy faculty instead.
This was followed by the habilitation at the Philosophical Faculty in Berlin for the subject of general history of religion in 1834. From 1835 to 1843 he printed the extensive work "The ancient Egypt or language, history, religion and constitution of ancient Egypt", Part I, which " Presentation and assessment of the decoding systems of the three ancient Egyptian scripts ”. In a technically and time-consuming process, he had his printer and type caster Friedrich Nies print types of Egyptian hieroglyphs based on his own templates . Nies confirms that Schwartze had them designed and that he had been using these types of printing for four years before Gustav Seyffarth had Nies cut his own types in 1840. For Christian Karl Josias von Bunsen ’s “Egyptian Place in World History” Part I, 1845, he wrote pp. 517–645 a “Comparison of Ancient Egyptian with Coptic, and Egyptian in general with Semitic”.
This publication by Bunsen proved his specialist knowledge and in 1845 brought him the appointment of extraordinary professor of Coptic language and literature. His text editions were particularly appreciated by those in the know. It appeared in 1843 "Psalterium in dialectum copticae linguae Memphiticam translatum" and "Quatuor evangelia coptice" from 1846 to 1847. His sudden death in 1848 prevented further publications.
After his death in 1850, his former listener Heymann Steinthal published the Coptic grammar. The detailed treatment of phonetics and the precise investigation of the dialectical differences between Memphite, Sahrawi and Basmur are particularly praised. Up until then, he had only collected scattered observations on syntax.
In 1848 Schwartze was still in London to copy the Codex Askewianus and the Codex Brucianus and to prepare the first edition of the Pistis Sophia, but he never got around to it. After his death, Julius Heinrich Petermann published Pistis Sophia in 1851 using Schwartze's notes. Karl Gottfried Woides and Schwartze's notes on the Codex Brucianus were only used by Carl Schmidt for the first complete edition of the Codex Brucianus in 1892.
"Fragments of the Upper Egyptian (Sahidic) translation of the Old Testament" were in the news of the k. Ges. Der Wissensch. zu Göttingen , year 1880, No. 12, pp. 401-440 published by Adolf Erman . Erman writes in the preface of the "excessive care with which this scholar used to register every point of even the worst Coptic text in his work". The task of an edition of the Coptic New Testament, also tackled by Schwartze, was taken up by Paul de Lagarde in 1852 .
Works
- Ancient Egypt or language, history, religion and constitution of ancient Egypt / Part 1, Volume 1 . Presentation and assessment of the most distinguished systems of deciphering the three types of ancient Egyptian script. Part 1. Introduction to the whole, Akerblad's, Young's, and Champollion's teachings on the deciphering of ancient Egyptian scripts. Abth. 2., Leipzig: Barth, 1843.
- Ancient Egypt or Language, History, Religion and Constitution of Ancient Egypt Part 1 / Volume 2 according to the original Egyptian writings and the communications of the non-Egyptian ancient writers (Volume 2)], Leipzig, 1843. It remained with Part 1 in two volumes , no more parts appeared.
- “A comparison of the ancient Egyptian with the Coptic, and the Egyptian with the Semitic in general” in: Christian Carl J. Bunsen: Egyptian place in world history. Pp. 517-645.
- Psalterium: In Dialectum Copticae Linguae Memphiticam Translatum ; Ad Fidem Trium Codicum Ms. Regiae Bibliothecae Berolinensis Inter Se, Et Cum Tukii Et Ideleri Libri, Nec Non Cum Graecis Alexandrini Codicis Ac Vaticani, Hebraicisque Psalmis Comparatorum / Ed. Notisque Criticis Et Grammaticis Instruxit MG Schwartze, Leipzig, Sumtius Joh. Ambrosius Barthii, 1843. Written in Latin and Coptic.
- Novum Testamentum Coptice, Quatuor Evangelia in dialecto linguae copticae memphitica perscripta
- Partis primae volumen primum Evangelia Matthaei et Marci continens , Barth, Leipzig 1846. (Coptic or Memphite text, preface and notes in Latin).
- Partis primae volumen secundum Evangelia Lucae et Joannis continens , Barth, Leipzig 1847.
- Coptic Grammar by Dr. MG Schwartze, professor of the Coptic language at the royal Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, published after the author's death by Dr. H. Steinthal. Ferd. Dümmler's bookstore, Berlin 1850.
- Pistis Sophia. Opus gnosticum Valentino adiudicatum e codico manuscripto coptico Londinensi. Descripsit et latine vertit MG Schwartze, editit JH Petermann, Ferd. Dümmler's Buchhandlung, Berlin 1851. First edition with Coptic and Latin text.
- Fragments of the Upper Egyptian translation of the Old Testament , edited by Adolf Erman , Dieterich'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1880. Coptic text.
literature
- Carl Gustav Adolf Siegfried : Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 215 f.
Web links
- Literature by and about Moritz Gotthilf Schwartze in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Preface to this work, p. XLIV digitized version
- ^ Foreword p. XIV digitized version
- ↑ Christian Karl Josias Bunsen: Egypt's passage in world history pp. 517-645.
- ^ Michael Holzman: Steinthal, Heymann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, pp. 467-474.
- ^ Journal of the German Oriental Society. Year 1851, pp. 275, 425.
- ↑ Kosegarten in: Journal of the German Oriental Society. Year 1852, pp. 296-298.
- ↑ Fragments of the Upper Egyptian (Sahidic) translation of the Old Testament, p. 1.
- ↑ H. Brugsch in: Journal of the German Oriental Society. Year 1853, pp. 115–121
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Religious historian and researcher of the Coptic language and literature |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 24, 1802 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Weissenfels |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1848 |
| Place of death | Heidelberg |