Mumtaz Mahal

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Mumtaz Mahal, depiction from the 17th century

Arjumand Banu Begum ( Mumtaz Mahal or Mumtaz-Uz-Zamani ) (born in April 1593 in Agra , died on June 7, jul. / 17th June  1631 greg. In Burhanpur ) was the wife of Shah Jahan , the Mughal emperor (Kaiser) from India. The Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for her.

Life

Her father was Abul Hasan Asaf Khan , the brother of Nur Jahan , the wife of Jahangir . She became engaged in the winter of 1607 (at the age of 14) to Prince Khurram, who later became Mughal Mughal Shah Jahan , whom she married on May 10, 1612 at the age of 19 years and 8 months. Shah Jahan was 15 years and 8 months old at the time of his engagement and 20 years and 5 months at his wedding.

She was his second wife and was given the name Mumtaz Mahal , which means “excellence of the palace” in Urdu . She was his main wife . She died giving birth to her 14th child when she accompanied Shah Jahan on a campaign in the Deccan . Her tomb, the Taj Mahal, is a token of her husband's love.

Tomb of Mumtaz Mahal in the Taj Mahal, along with her husband Shah Jahan

Even during her lifetime, poets praised her beauty, grace and compassion for the needy. Mumtaz Mahal was Shah Jahan's trusted companion, traveled with him all over the Mughal Empire, and he trusted her so completely that he gave her the imperial seal , the Muhr Uzah , for preservation. He should never have refused her any wish. So she had a great influence on him and often stood up for the benefit of the poor and disenfranchised; she was also known for asking for mercy on many condemned to death, thereby saving their lives.

Their children

  • Shahzadi (Imperial Princess) Hurunnisa Begum, born March 30, 1613; died June 14, 1616.
  • Shahzadi Jahanara Begum , b. April 2, 1614; died September 16, 1681.
  • Shahzada (Imperial Prince) Dara Shikoh , b. March 30, 1615; died September 8, 1659 ( defeated and executed by his brother Aurangzeb in the controversy for the succession to the throne ).
  • Shahzada Mohammed Sultan Shah Shuja Bahadur, b. July 3, 1616; died 1660 (murdered in exile).
  • Shahzadi Roshanara Begum, b. September 3, 1617; died 1671.
  • Padshah (Emperor) Mohinnudin Mohammed Aurangzeb , b. November 3, 1618; died February 21, 1707.
  • Shahzada Sultan Ummid Baksh, b. December 18, 1619; died March 1622.
  • Shahzadi Surayya Banu Begum, b. June 10, 1621; died April 28, 1628.
  • Shahzada Sultan Murad Bakhsh , b. September 8, 1624; died December 14, 1661 (executed in controversy for the succession).
  • Shahzada Sultan Luftallah, b. November 4, 1626; d. May 14, 1628.
  • Shahzada Sultan Daulat Afza, b. May 9, 1628, d.?
  • Shahzadi Husnara Begum, b. April 23, 1630, d.?
  • Shahzadi Goharara Begum, b. June 17, 1631; died 1706. (Mumtaz Mahal died as a result of this birth)

literature

  • WE Begley: Taj Mahal, the Illumined Tomb. the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture. 1989, ISBN 0-295-96944-X .
  • Ellison Banks Findley: Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughal India. Oxford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-19-507488-2 .
  • Ebba Koch: The Complete Taj Mahal. And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra. Thames & Hudson, 2006, ISBN 0-500-34209-1 .
  • Ganesh Saili: Taj Mahal (in the series: L'Inde dorée ), French translation by Virginie Troit and David Amehame, PML Editions / Luster Press, New Delhi (India), 1996.

Web links

Commons : Mumtaz Mahal  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ganesh Saili: Taj Mahal , ..., PML Editions / Luster Press, New Delhi (India), 1996, p. 39.
  2. ↑ Qazvīnī, Muhammad Amīn: Bādshāhnāma (History of the Youth and the First 10 Years of Shah Jahan's Reign), British Library Ms. Or. 173, fol. 42r
  3. ^ Ibid. fol. 48r
  4. ↑ Shah Jahan first married in 1609 "the daughter of Muẓaffar Ḥusain Ṣafavī" (Qazvini fol. 44r), a great grandson of the Iranian Shah Ismail I (Qazvini fol. 45r-45v). In 1611 he had a daughter with her, Purhunar Bānū (Qazvini fol. 47r). In 1612 he married Mumtāz Mahall and finally in 1617 the daughter of Shāh Navāz Khān, son of the veteran general Khān Khānān "on the orders of His Majesty ... Jahangir, to please the mind of Khān Khānān" (Qazvini fol. 71v). When he married for the third time, he had five children with Mumtāz. Later in the chronicles one hears nothing of his first and his third wife, not even that they gave birth to him. Not even their names are mentioned.
  5. ↑ Ganesh Saili: Taj Mahal (in the series: L'Inde dorée ), French translation by Virginie Troit and David Amehame, PML Editions / Luster Press, New Delhi (India), 1996, p. 39.
  6. ↑ Ganesh Saili: Taj Mahal , ..., PML Editions / Luster Press, New Delhi (India), 1996, p. 39.
personal data
SURNAME Mumtaz Mahal
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arjumand Banu Begum
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of Shah Jahan; The Taj Mahal was built in her honor
DATE OF BIRTH April 1593
PLACE OF BIRTH Agra
DATE OF DEATH June 17, 1631
Place of death Burhanpur