Muradites

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The Muradite dynasty established the Beys of Tunis from 1613 to 1705 .

history

In 1574 Tunis was conquered by the Ottomans under the leadership of Turgut Reis . Tunisia thus became a province of the Ottoman Empire . But the new rulers had little interest in Tunisia and their importance steadily decreased at the expense of local rulers; there were only 4,000 janissaries stationed in Tunis. In 1590 there was a Janissary uprising, as a result of which a Dey was put at the head of the state. A Bey was subordinate to him, who was responsible for the administration of the land and tax collection. The pasha , who was on a par with the Bey , only had the task of representing the Ottoman Sultan . Under the Dey Kara Osman, Murad Bey seized public power in Tunis. After a victory over the Algerians, Murad Bey was proclaimed Pasha and, after Kara Osman's death, directed the election of the new Deys Jussuf according to his will. The hereditary Bey kept the elected Dey completely dependent. Murad's successor, Muhammad I, consolidated the power of the Beys. It was not until the joint government of Beys Murad II and Muhammad II, grandson Murad I, that the Sublime Porte deposed a Dey appointed by the brothers. A civil war broke out, which lasted until Murad II's death in 1675. His sons, Muhammad and Ali fought for the position of the Bey, but were reconciled when the Tunisian Dey Achmed Schelebi turned against both of them. With the help of the Deys they moved from Algiers to Tunis, which surrendered with the Dey on May 30, 1686 after seven months of siege. The Algerians, who considered themselves the real winners, squeezed the Tunisians out, so that in 1688 an uprising broke out in which Ali Bey was killed. The Dey Achmed Schelebi was freed from the Dey of Algiers with a large sum of money and took power again in Tunis. The Dey of Algiers, called to help by Muhammad II. Bey, defeated Achmed in 1694 and drove him out. He left the previous constitution of Tunisia and confirmed the inheritance of the Beys in the Muradite family, but forced Tunis to recognize his sovereignty and pay an annual tribute .

The Muradite dynasty was overthrown by Ibrahim ash Sharif in a military uprising in 1702. The remaining princes of the Muradite dynasty were murdered. Heavy power struggles broke out again in Tunis between the corsairs and the Ottoman Janissaries. It succeeded Husain ibn Ali I. , an Ottoman cavalry commander from Anatolia, the power usurp and the dynasty of husainid dynasty justified. He was supported by Algeria . In the following period he pacified the country and expanded the administration with the help of Turks from the Ottoman capital of Istanbul. This created a new upper class on which the Husainids could rely. After securing his power, Husain I ibn Ali enforced the inheritance of his rule.

The Beys of Tunis of the Muradite Dynasty (1613–1702)

  • Murad I. Bey: 1613-1631
  • Muhammad I. Bey: 1631-1662
  • Murad II. Bey: 1662-1675
  • Muhammad II. Bey: 1675
  • Ali I. Bey: 1675
  • Muhammad III. Bey: 1675
  • Muhammad II. Bey (2nd time): 1675–1676
  • Ali I. Bey (2nd time): 1676-1688
  • Muhammad II. Bey (2nd time): 1688–1695
  • Ramadan Bey: 1695-1698
  • Murad III Bey: 1698-1702

literature

See also